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构词法:派生法

Word Formation --- derivation 一.构成名词的后缀: (Suffixes forming nouns)

Possible New Words to You:

1. harvester收获者;收割者;收割机< C >

2. transistor晶体管;晶体管收音机(=transistor radio)

3. trustee(财产的)受托人,保管人< C >

4. lubricant润滑油(剂) / lubrication给油,润滑< U >

5. dependant/ dependent受抚养者< C >

6. heroism英雄气概< U >英勇的行为< C >

7. falsehood谎言(= lie): tell a falsehood = tell a lie

8. likelihood (…的)可能,可能性< U >

There is no/ a strong likelihood of his winning the first prize.

9. martyrdom殉难,受难< U > die a martyr to one’s duty

10. officialdom官僚,官员(集合用法)

11. inquiry询问,查问;侦查,审讯< C >

I made inquiries about my lost umbrella in all the stores I had visited.

(询问)

hold an official inquiry 进行正式调查

They made no further inquiry into the incident.(侦查)

12. auctioneer拍卖人< C >

13. profiteer囤积居奇者< C > 囤积居奇,谋取暴利vi.

14. doctorate博士头衔,学位< C >

award / grant a doctorate 颁给博士学位

earn/receive/obtain a doctorate 获得博士学位

15. consulate领事馆< C >

16. electorate选民,选举团(集合用法)

17. sulphate(=sulfate) 硫酸盐

二.构成形容词的后缀:(Suffixes forming adjectives)

Possible New Words to You:

1. collective集合的,聚集的adj.

collective (noun) 集合名词

It was due to the collective efforts that we could achieve such a

great success. (集体的努力)

2. motherless没有母亲的adj. (Cf. motherhood母性,母亲身份n.)

3. agreeable心情愉快的,令人愉快的,宜人的adj.

agreeable weather 宜人的天气an agreeable person 讨人喜欢的人Her voice is agreeable to the ear. 她的声音悦耳.

4. applicable可适用的,可应用的adj.

The method is not applicable to every situation.

5. contemptible卑劣的,可鄙的adj.

contemptuous轻视的,瞧不起的adj.

She was contemptuous of her humble home.(轻视,看不起...)

contempt 鄙视,藐视< U >

contempt for a traitor 对于叛逆者的藐视

Many people feel contempt for such an attitude. (藐视…)

bring sb. into contempt 使…蒙受耻辱

have/hold… in contempt 藐视…

6. permissible可允许的adj. (Cf. permissive放任的,纵容的)

7. erroneous错误的,不正确的adj.

8. defiant挑战的,反抗的adj. (Cf. defiance反抗,挑战< U >)

defy sb. to do…激(挑惹)某人做…

I defy you to try and lift it.

You should not defy the law. (公然反抗,藐视Vt.)

9. observant观察力敏锐的,立即察觉的,眼尖的adj.

A detective must be very observant.

10. exceptional例外的,特别的,稀有的;卓越的adj.

Such warm weather is exceptional in January.

make an exceptional achievement 取得卓越的成就

11. consistent一致的,没有矛盾的adj.

His story isn’t consistent with the facts. (与…相一致)

He is consistent in his argument.(在…方面一致)

12. honorary名誉(上)的adj. an honorary president 名誉主席

honorable光荣的;高尚的adj.

die an honorable death 光荣舍生

He comes of an honorable family.他出身名门.

13. secondary次要的;(学校/教育)中等的adj.

This matter is of secondary importance.

secondary education中等教育(Cf. higher education)

secondary school(= high school in the States/public school or grammar school in Britain / middle school in China)

secondary stress/ accent 次重音

三.构成反义词的前缀: (Prefixes forming antonyms)

Possible New words to You:

1. non-existent没有的,不存在的adj. (something that doesn’t exit)

2. illegitimate私生的;非法的,法律不容的adj.

an illegitimate child私生子She is illegitimate. 她是私生女. illegitimate use of company property对公司财产的盗用

3. defrost除去…的冰/霜vt.;使…解冻vt.

defrost the fridge / the car windscreen

给冰箱除霜/给汽车挡风玻璃除霜

A frozen chicken should be allowed to defrost completely

before cooking.冻鸡肉应彻底解冻后再烹调.

4. decentralize权利下放(即将权利从中央转到地方政府)vi.

5. demobilize使sb.复员,退伍(= release sb. from military service)

四.其它常用前缀:(Other useful Prefixes )

Possible New Words to You:

1. misinform sb. (about sth.) 向某人提供错误信息vt.

I regret to say you have been misinformed about that.

2. prefabricate(以预制构件)组装…vt.

prefabricate kitchens/houses/schools

3. forefront最前部;最重要的地方

The new product took the company to the forefront of the

computer software.

这一新产品使得该公司在计算机软件领域中已处于领先地位.

How to be an outstanding student at school is in the forefront

of my mind.(我首先考虑的事)

4. self-starter有主动性(积极性)的人< C >

5. belittle轻视,贬低vt.befriend对…尽朋友之道,照顾(某人)vt.

They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter.

(照顾)

6. tripartite有三部分的,涉及三人的adj.

a tripartite discussion 三方磋商 a tripartite agreement 三者间的协议

7. endanger危及到…,危害到…vt.

Smoking endangers your health. 吸烟危害健康.

The giant panda is an endangered species.大熊猫面临绝种危险的动物.

8. enrage使(某人)非常愤怒;激怒,触怒(某人)vt.

The teacher was finally enraged by his stupidity.

老师终于因为他的愚钝而被触怒了.

Her arrogance enraged her.

9. enslave使(某人)成为奴隶vt.

Her beauty enslaved many young men.

她的美丽倾倒了许多年轻男子.

10. enlarge变大,增大,扩大vt. (= make sth. larger)

I want to enlarge the lawn.

The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged.

11. enrich使(sb./sth.)富裕;充实… vt.

Singapore is a country enriched by the profits from tourism.

新加坡是一个因旅游业的赢利而富裕起来的国家.

Reading enriches the mind. 读书可以充实头脑.

12. ablaze燃烧的,着火的adj. (只做表语)

set sth. ablaze点火烧某物The whole building was soon ablaze. The palace was ablaze with lights. 那座宫殿灯火辉煌.

五.前后缀的意义:

前缀(除少数外)一般引起意思上的变化,后缀引起词性上的变化.

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