4级2单-新练习

Unit Two (Book Four)

形成性练习

I. RF

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over a passage quickly and read ten statements after it.

For statements1-10, write

T(for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the above paragraph(s);

F(for False) if the statement contradicts the information given in the above paragraph(s);

E (for Not given) if the statement is not given in the above paragraph(s);

(1)

Letters: Obsolete Technology?

Readers?complaints that our young people are helpless when thrown back on obsolete technology, such as the dial telephone and simple addition, have aroused a protest.

You may remember reading here about the fifth-grade pupil who wanted to call home from school but didn?t know how to use the dial phone, and the ice cream parlor that had to close because the computerized cash register broke down.

These stories suggested that young people are almost wholly dependent on state of the art technology, and also that we older people are becoming obsolete or outdated along with the machines of our era.

Perhaps it is the latter that hurts.

John A. Junot wants to know whether, if my car broke down, I would know how to ride a horse.

I might be willing to try. But the problem is --- where could I ride one?

Junot suggests that I would either get the car repaired or replace it. That is what today?s young engineers do when their computers break down, he points out.

In that respect I am as dependent on modern technology as the young, I have allowed myself to become wholly dependent on my computer, and when it breaks down I am like a man cast adrift at sea in a small boat.

“Cultures do not lose arts and skills,” Junot argues. “They abandon them. Calculating by slide rule is in exactly the same class as archery, blacksmithing, sailing, hand-weaving and drawing. To the extent that those things are done, they are done by hobbyists, historians and cultural anthropologists and are preserved mainly by librarians.”

Junot points out that certain ancient skills, such as archery and sailing, are themselves improved by modern technology. “Robin Hood probably couldn?t shoot one of today?s graphite (石墨)/epoxy (环氧的) compound bows.”

He says: “And so to that fifth-grader who didn?t know how to dial-type phone, you imply that the boy was somehow culturally deprived, and that it would …come in handy? if he learned.”

“I fail to see how. Rotary-dial phones are going the way of high-button shoes; they are uncommon now and doomed to extinction simply because you can?t talk to computers with a rotary-type phone.”

Junot points out that the first computers are already obsolete. I know what he means. I bought the first IBM Personal Computer on the market. Recently I blew what is known as the “mother

card.”It was replaced by a more advanced clone card that is not perfectly compatible with my machine. I have had little but misery with it ever since.

Junot says it would have been impossible for the ice cream clerks to go on doing business, making their calculations by hand, when their computerized register failed.

“Well, before cash registers were invented, business was done that way. And employees stole because it was easy. Cash registers were invented precisely to keep employees honest, and to protect them from charges of dishonesty…”

“Furthermore, computerized receipts are used for computing sales tax and the printouts for people buying on expense accounts. Are you suggesting that the kids give the businessman and the tax man numbers scribbled on the backs of paper sacks? The manager was probably only following the company policy when he closed the store.”

“Evidently, then, we have seen the end of mental calculations. Those fast-food computers even note the amount of money the customer pays and also the exact amount of change due. The clerk doesn?t even have to figure out how much change is due from a $10 bill, nor does the customer, since he can assume that the computer doesn?t err.”

It?s OK with me. I never was any good at arithmetic, anyway, and I?m glad I have lived long enough to see it become obsolete.

Meanwhile, Barbara Jones of Santa Barbara wonders how children can ever learn how to tell time when all they see are digital watches.

And Sally Wade wonders, “How will tomorrow?s adult (today?s child) ever master a wrench (扳钳), spigot (套管), tap, screw (螺丝) or the like when the directions tell him/her to turn it …clockwise? or …counterclock-wise? in this age of digital clocks?”

Why would tomorrow?s adults ever have to use a wrench or a screwdriver (螺丝刀)? Anyway, I think schoolroom clocks still have hands.

I will give the last word to Barbara L. Sigman of Simi Valley, “I cannot let your article escape me without at least a murmur of protest. The …young? are not all a bunch of mindless, although charming, beautiful and healthy people, as you imply. Some of us read Shakespeare, Flaubert, and even V oltaire! Better yet, we can dial telephones and we can make change. And a few of us know a tiny bit about history, too.”

Thank you, Ms. Sigman.

I?m glad to know that all is not lost.

Statements

1. People have different ideas about the statement that our young people are helpless when thrown back on obsolete technology.

2. Older people are complaining about the younger generation’s dependency on modern technology because they are unhappy about also becoming “has-beens”.

3. If the author’s car broke down, he could ride a horse.

4. According to Junot, today’s young engineers would either get their computers repaired or replace when their computers break down.

5. John A. Junot asks the writer whether he would be able to ride a horse if his car broke down to argue that dial phones have not become obsolete.

6. The first IBM Personal Computer bought by the author is obsolete.

7. According to Junot, before cash registers were invented employees stole very easily.

8. The clerk in the fast-food restaurant must do mental calculations because the computer sometimes makes a mistake.

9. The author is glad to say good bye to arithmetic because he doesn’t excel in it.

10. State of the art technology like digital clocks will cause young people to become mindless and unable to tell the time.

(Key: 1-5 TTFTF 6-10 TTFTF)

(2)

Passage One

Europe has experienced enormous upheavals（动荡）during the last century. Wars, revolutions, separations and elections have changed the political map of the continent countless times. And with each change, power has shifted, creating new winners and new losers.

But for one group—the gypsies—change has always meant losing. With each upheaval, the gypsies have been left worse off than they were before. Yet they have survived to become Europe?s largest minority. Moreover, they have succeeded in preserving their culture and their way of life in the face of genocide ( 屠杀), political persecution and poverty.

In other cases where minorities have survived similar persecutions—like Jews during World War II, or Blacks in South Africa—their cause has received international support.

By contrast, the gypsies? success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement at all. Instead, it?s viewed as proof they are both unwilling and unable to change, and therefore irredeemable. Indeed, in 1993, the President of Slovak Republic, Vladimir Meciar, attacked their way of life and said steps should be taken “to curtail (缩减)the extended reproduction of this socially unacceptable and mentally backward population”.

If such a thing had been said about any other minority, the political outcry would have been enormous. But, because the Slovak President was referring to gypsies, there were few complaints except from a few small organizations that try to protect gypsies? rights.

There is little chance that attitudes towards gypsies will change, at least in the foreseeable future. Protection under human rights?laws might come if Eastern Europe countries join the European Union. Such laws will never be enough to put an end to centuries of discrimination, but for the time being, they are the gypsies? best hope.

Statements

1.The previous century has witnesses great changes in Europe in which political patterns of

European countries have shifted.

2.The gypsies have been in a poorer living condition than before with each change because they

have just received a little political support

3.The gypsies’success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement because

their culture is regarded as socially unacceptable.

4.The gypsies are eagerly hoping for Human rights laws.

5.The gypsies can get their hopes up only on the condition that attitudes towards them change.

Passage Two

During its 800-year history, Cambridge University has had a reputation for maintaining the highest academic standards. But, in spite of its beautiful buildings and busy atmosphere, it has also earned the reputation for being a slightly cold and austere place. When people think of Cambridge,

they think of great minds immersed in serious study and not the lighter things in life, like having a good time.

But perhaps the real reason for Cambridge?s reputation for coolness is its position. It is located in the flat country of the East Anglia region, about 80km north of London, and there is not much to shelter the city from cold winter winds that are said to blow in from Siberia. There is not a great deal Cambridge can do about its climate, but in recent years a lot has been done to make the city a more modern and exciting place to live and study in. Today visitors and language learners will find much more to do and see than just beautiful and ancient architecture.

One reason for the change is the fact that the city is now more than simply a place of learning. In recent decades, it has become a centre for new hi-tech industries and the success of these companies has created new jobs and attracted more professional people to the city.

“There?s been a dramatic increase in the number of hi-tech firms in the city,” observes one resident. “Many have been set up by university graduates. With the boom in computing, telecommunications and biotechnology, they?ve done very well. Many graduates have become millionaires several times over.”

As a result, new shops, restaurants, bars and nightclubs have opened to meet the growing demand. Whereas once the choice of places to get an evening meal was limited, now diners can find restaurants serving up food from all over the world.

Statements

6.The highest academic standard has made Cambridge very famous in the world for centuries.

7.When people think of Cambridge, they think of great minds immersed in serious study

8.Cold winds blowing in from Siberia make a harsh winter in Cambridge.

9.There are more than 30 hi-tech firms in the city.

10.Teachers and university graduates have made great contributions to the increase of hi-tech

firms in the city.

(Key: T F T T F T T T E F)

II. RD

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please choose the corresponding letter.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

There are two factors which determine an individual?s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains ___1___ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low ___2___ unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor in what happens to the individual is the sort of environment he is reared. If an individual is handicapped ___3___, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop. And he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is ___4___.

The importance of environment in determining an individual?s intelligence can be ___5___ by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark.

III. RC

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then choose the

IV. CVB

Directions: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. The schoolmaster ______ the girl?s bravery in his opening speech.

A) applauded B) applied C) elevated D) exploded

2. Petrol is refined from the ______ oil we take out of the ground.

A) crude B) raw C) coarse D) original

3. The plane was ______ for two hours because of the heavy fog.

A) delayed B) detained C) postponed D) dismissed

4. The students in Prof. Fielding?s class had a/an ______ passion for William Shakespeare.

A) extraordinary B) extra C) special D) ordinary

5. She is so disappointed that it is very difficult to ______ her enthusiasm or ______ her to any action of hope.

A) rouse…arouse B) arouse…rouse C) excite…raise D) raise…excite

6. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.

A) bumped B) collided C) crashed D) crushed

7. Arriving home, the boy told the parents about all the ______ which occurred in his dormitory.

A) incidence B) matters C) incidents D) accidents

8. To our ______, Geoffrey?s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.

A) belief B) relief C) release D) anxiety

9. The service is a ______ to those who died for the independence of the nation.

A) memory B) memorial C) monument D) message

10. At first, the seller wanted 150 dollars for the suit, but at last I ______ to 40 dollars!

A) cut it in B) cut it down C) cut it short D) cut it off

11. It is reported that thirty people were killed in a ______ on the railway yesterday.

A) collision B) collaboration C) corrosion D) confrontation

12. In Britain today women ______ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.

A) build up B) stand for C) make up D) conform to

13. In sharp ______ to John, who is frank, Henry is too sophisticated.

A) conflict B) contrast C) comparison D) contradiction

(Key: 1-5 A A A A B 6-10 B C B B B 11-13 A C B)

V. Word Building

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word forms of the words given in the brackets.

1. The statue was erected as a _____ to all the people who were killed in the war. (memory)

2. The new government would immediately _____ the coal and steel industries and the railways. (nationality)

3. The expression on her face was _____ and anxious as I was telling my story. (doubt)

4. She was shocked by the _____ of his remarks. (crude)

5. There?s higher _____ of left-handedness among boys than girls. (incident)

6. It is said that he is an _____ proud person. (immense)

7. My family was _____ at the news of my safe arrival. (relief)

8. Before you set your targets, make sure that they are _____. (achieve)

9. His uncle is the _____ of his mother?s will. (execute)

10. The audience were amazed at the extraordinary _____ of the actors. (perform)

Key:

memorial

nationalize

doubtful

crudity

incidence

immensely

relieved

achievable

executant

performance

VI. ECT

Directions: Translate the English sentences into Chinese.

1. It was such a beautiful place that very few can resist the urge to stop and sit in one of the small roadside restaurants and simply soak up the atmosphere.

答案: 这地方如此美丽，几乎人人都会情不自禁在路边的一个小饭馆坐下，就为了呼吸一下这里的空气。

2. When doing things unjust or immoral, immoralists would do so with the slogans of justice and morality on their lips.

答案：无道德的人做不公正或不道德的事时，满嘴是公正和道德的口号。

VII. Guided Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on My View on Fate according to the Chinese outline, and you must use at least 120 words.

1. 有人认为我们可以掌握自己的命运，有人则认为不能；

2. 你的看法如何？说明你的理由并且适当举例。

3. 结论。

英文范文：

My View on Fate

Different people have different views on fate. Some people think that fate is predestined and nobody can change it, while others argue that everybody is the master of his fate and he can change it with his own hands.

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe all men are born equal and nobody is destined to always succeed or fail in his life. For another, if a person is diligent and determined, he will realize his dream no matter how poor, humble or unlucky he may be. Just think of Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite after countless experiments during which he lost his brother and got seriously injured himself.

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that there is no such thing as destined fate in our life. Only if we hold on to our dream can we turn it into reality, just as the saying goes, “Everybody is the architect of his own fortune”.

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