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Effect of some treatments of date-palm waste as a culture media on some tomato fruit properties

Effect of some treatments of date-palm waste as a culture media on some tomato fruit properties
Effect of some treatments of date-palm waste as a culture media on some tomato fruit properties

Scientific Journal of Agricultural (2013) 2(1) 15-21

ISSN 2322-2425

Effect of some treatments of date-palm waste as a culture media on some tomato fruit properties

M. Shirani a,*, A. Mohammadi-Ghehsareh b, R. Manoukyan a

a Department of Soil Science, Armenian National Agrarian University, Armenia.

b Department of Soil Science, Islami

c Aza

d University, Khorasgan (Isfahan), Iran.

*Corresponding author; Department of Soil Science, Armenian National Agrarian University, Armenia.

A R T I C L E I N F O

Article history:

Received 10 January 2013 Accepted 20 January 2013 Available online 28 January 2013 Keywords:

Composting time

Date palm waste

Particle size

Soilless culture

Tomato A B S T R A C T

Use of suitable growing media or substrates is essential for production of horticultural crops.The experiment was ?c onducted as factorial in a completely randomized block design with 9 treatments and 4 ?r eplications.Treatments included three particle sizes (S1= <0.5, S2=0.5-1 and S3=1-2 cm) and three composting times (C1=0, C2=3 and C3=6 months) of date palm waste. During tomato growth Papadopolus formula with fertigation method was used for nutrient solution. Different sizes and composting times of date palm waste had significant effect on N, P, K, number and yield of fruit (p< 0.05). Comparison of different sizes showed highest amounts of N, P, K, number and yield were related to particle size of 0.5-1 cm. Comparison of different composting times illustrated maximum amounts of N, P, K, number and yield were observed in composting time of 6 months. The overall result of this study indicated culture media quality is one of the most important influences on fruit yield and quality. A good culture media has both the chemical and physical properties that promote healthy and yield of fruit.

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1. Introduction

Use of suitable growing media or substrates is essential for production of horticultural crops. Nowadays, numerous studies have demonstrated that the organic residues, including livestock solid waste, sewage sludge and even green plant waste, after proper composting, can be used with very desirable results as growth media (Piamonti et al., 1997, Garcia-Gomez et al., 2002). Among organic residues used successfully as soilless planting media is the compost from green residues (Spiers and Fietje, 2000). Date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera) extensively exist in the world and produce a lot of waste per annum (Barreveld, 1993). Presently, there are no suitable and optimal management on palm waste. Mohammadi-Ghehsareh et al. (2011) showed that date-palm waste could be a media for soilless culture with suitable physical and chemical properties, available and low cost. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of some treatments of Date-Palm waste as a culture media on ?some tomato fruit properties.

2. Materials and methods

This study was performed in the greenhouse research site of Isfahan Azad University (Khorasgan). The experiment was ?c onducted as factorial in a completely randomized block design with 9 treatments and 4 ?r eplications. Palm wastes were chopped into smaller sizes by combine and chopped wastes are ?s eparated in three sizes (<0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-2 cm) by sieve. Then, they were kept in 1.5 m3?p lastic bags for controlling the moisture and temperature. Some amounts of animal fertilizer, N and P fertilizers ?w ere added to them as a fermentation starter and these bags were placed in hot (25 to 30°C) ?c ondition. For respiration, some air holes were made on the bags and the moisture was adjusted to 65%. Every week, these materials ?w ere mixed together and put into the bags again (During the 3 and 6 months after the starting date).?Then, these date palm wastes were used as culture media for tomato cultivation. Treatments were three composting times (C) and three sizes (S) included: C1S1= (size 0-0.5 cm + 0 month composted), C2S1= (size 0-0.5 cm + 3 months composted), C3S1= (size 0-0.5 cm + 6 months composted), C1S2= (size 0.5-1 cm + 0 month composted), C2S2= (size 0.5-1 cm + 3 months composted), C3S2= (size 0.5-1 cm + 6 months composted), C1S3= (size 1-2 cm + 0 month composted), C2S3= (size 1-2 cm + 3 months composted), C3S3= (size 1-2 cm + 6 months composted). Seeds of tomato (Izmir cultivar) were planted in cocopeat. After transplanting growth, they were transferred to 10 liter pots filled with above treatments. Irrigation was done by hand and Papadopolus formula (1991) with fertigation method was used for nutrient solution. Average temperature of day and night were 30 and 18°C respectively in greenhouse. During plant growth, irrigation rate, temperature, humidity and pest control for all treatments were similar. Leaching of culture medias (20%) were performed every fifteen days. Some physiochemical characteristics of the culture media including bulk density (Baruah and Barthakur, 1998), organic carbon (% OC) (Walkley and Black, 1934), porosity (Baruah and Barthakur, 1998), water holding capacity (WHC) (Verdonck and Gabriels, 1992), cation exchange capacity (CEC) (Rhoades, 1982), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH (Iasiah et al., 2004) were measured. For measuring available nitrogen (N), phosphor (P) and potassium (K) of date palm waste, samples were extracted by CaCl2. 2 H2O + DTPA then available N (Bremner and Mulvaney, 1982), P (Olsen and Sommers, 1982) and K (Kudsen and Peterson, 1982) were determined. Yield (by digital scale) and number of tomato fruit were measured. Concentrations of N (Bremner and Mulvaney, 1982), P (Olsen and Sommers, 1982) and K (Kudsen and Peterson 1982) of tomato fruit were determined based on dry matter of tomato fruits. Experimental data normality was verified, and then data were submitted to analysis of variance, using SAS (1997) software package. Means were compared using Duncan multiple test (p< 0.05).

3. Results

Some physicochemical properties of culture medias are shown in table 1. Highest amount of EC and BD were observed in culture media C1S1. Maximum amount of pH and CEC were found in culture media C3S1. The maximum amount of C/N ratio was related to culture media C1S3. The most amount of porosity was observed in culture media C1S3.

Highest amount of WHC was related to culture media C2S1 although it didn't have much difference with culture media C3S1. Table 2 shows concentration of available N, P and K in culture medias. Maximum amounts of available K and P were related to culture media C3S3 and highest amount of available N was observed in culture media C3S1.

Table 3 illustrates separated effects of composting time and particle size of culture medias on N, P, K, number and yield of tomato fruit. Different sizes of culture media had significant effect on N, P, K, number and yield of tomato fruit (p< 0.05). The highest amounts of N, P, K, number and yield were related to particle size of 0.5-1 cm. Different composting times of culture media had significant effect on N, P, K, number and yield of tomato fruit (p< 0.05). The highest amounts of N, P, K, number and yield were related to composting time of 6 months.

Table 1

Some physicochemical properties of culture medias.

Treatment EC pH CEC C/N BD Porosity WHC composting time Size (ds/m) - (Cmol/kg) (%) (g/cm3) (%) (%)

C1S1 = 0 month <0.5 cm 6.29 6.84 38.85 37.88 0.25 83 89.65

C2S1= 3 months <0.5 cm 5.68 6.72 47.49 29.85 0.18 88 94.26

C3S1= 6 months <0.5 cm 5.99 6.91 59.11 25.43 0.19 87 92.62

C1S2= 0 month 0.5-1 cm 3.91 6.74 28.84 40.83 0.17 89 57.5

C2S2= 3 months 0.5-1 cm 4.42 6.62 36.26 33.56 0.18 88 74.57

C3S2= 6 months 0.5-1 cm 4.62 6.86 38.3 28.2 0.19 87 58.91

C1S3= 0 month 1-2 cm 3.41 6.69 18.22 43.67 0.15 90 37.75

C2S3= 3 months 1-2 cm 3.8 6.54 28.99 30.76 0.16 89 53.48

C3S3= 6 months 1-2 cm 4.97 6.82 34.95 23.68 0.17 88 59.31 Definition: EC=electrical conductivity, CEC=cation exchange capacity, C/N=carbon to nitrogen ratio BD=bulk density, WHC=water holding capacity

Table 2

Concentrations of available N, P and K in culture medias.

Treatment N-No3P K

composting time Size (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg)

C1S1 = 0 month <0.5 cm 15.20 103.49 5991.29

C2S1= 3 months <0.5 cm 25.83 236.67 8289.47

C3S1= 6 months <0.5 cm 29.71 304.39 8500

C1S2= 0 month 0.5-1 cm 13.74 99.37 5895.39

C2S2= 3 months 0.5-1 cm 26.46 284.5 7258.06

C3S2= 6 months 0.5-1 cm 27.78 378.51 7329.32

C1S3= 0 month 1-2 cm 12.92 95.31 5885.42

C2S3= 3 months 1-2 cm 20.99 334.38 7772.34

C3S3= 6 months 1-2 cm 24.22 457.29 9270.83

4. Discussion

High EC in palm wastes were due to this matter that dust and solution salt particles had covered date palm leaves and when date palm wastes were chopped and sieved, these fractions were released. Highest amount of EC in culture media C1S1 could be due to increase of dissolution of solutes in smaller particle size which had effect on EC. Carbon (C) compounds present in organic materials are used by microorganisms as an energy source, transformed into carbon dioxide (Co2) and released into the environment. Lack of Co2 and water can decrease the weight of the initial materials, thereby reduces the volume and mass of the final product (Bernal et al., 2009). Therefore weight of primary dry matter is decreased and it increases mineral elements concentration and EC. Also with increasing composting time, microbial activity was increased and it released more solutes which had effect on EC. One of the important factors for plant response to culture media is EC. Abad et al. (2005) reported leaching the

composts with water decreased substantially the salinity and the concentration of soluble mineral elements.That is why leaching the culture medias were performed in this research.Maximum pH in culture media C3S1 could be due to this matter that composting itself leads to major changes in materials and their pH, as decomposition occurs. The initial decrease in pH is due to the formation of organic acids that are formed during degradation. The subsequent increase in pH is due to volatilization of organic acids and accumulation of ammonia (Hellmann et al., 1997). Hachicha et al. (2008) reported higher surface area in smaller particles caused more decomposition of organic matter and more production of organic acids. Availability of nutrient elements for plant is much more related to the pH of the media, but the composting process is not sensitive to pH because microorganisms act at a wide range of pH (Epstein et al., 1977, Dinc et al., 1984).

Table 3

Separated effects of composting time and particle size of culture medias on N, P, K,

number and yield of tomato fruit.

Treatment N (%) P (%) K (%) Number Yield (Kg)

Size

S1 = < 0.5 cm 1.52b 0.41b 2.12b 69.97ab8.67ab

S2 = 0.5-1 cm 1.57a 0.45a 2.24a 73.18a 9.16a

S3 = 1-2 cm 1.51b 0.43b 2.14b 68.19b8.17b

Composting time

C1 = 0 month 1.36c 0.41c 2.1c66.86b 7.96b

C2 = 3 months 1.57b 0.43b 2.12b69.14b 8.97a

C3 = 6 months 1.67a 0.44a 2.29a75.33a 9.07a

a,b,c Columns that do not share the same letters differ significantly (P< 0.05).

The highest amount of CEC in culture media C3S1 was because of smaller sizes had a larger surface area. Also with increasing of composting time CEC was increased. Also organic matter degradation caused particles were more chopped in compost pile and so surface area and CEC increased. Fontanive et al. (2004) reported CEC increased through the composting process was due to changing of organic matters and transforming into humic. C/N ratio in water ?e xtract could serve as a reliable indicator of compost maturity (Chanyasak et al., 1983). Microorganisms need carbon and nitrogen for their metabolism. Smaller sizes of organic material increase the surface area available for microbial attack. However, very small particles pack tightly together; preventing movement of air into the composting heap and movement of carbon dioxide out of the heap. Large particles reduce surface area for microbial attack which slows down or may stop composting process altogether (Zia et al., 2003; Eklind, 1998).The maximum amount of bulk density in culture media C1S1 was because of more entered dust in this size during the crashing and sieving. With increasing size fractions, bulk density decreased. It could be due to bigger pores and higher porosity in bigger sizes. In each size, culture media with more composting time (6 months) had more bulk density than culture media with lower composting time (3 months). Because of losing carbon from the compost pile and getting smaller the spaces within the compost pile during composting process. Kaila (1956) reported bulk density could be used as a basis for estimating the degree of decomposition of peats. Highest of porosity in culture media C1S3 could be due to lower bulk density and bigger pores between them. The porosity percentage is an index for root aeration in culture media. Maximum amount of WHC in culture media C2S1 and C3S1 in compare to other culture media could be due to smaller particles have a larger surface area than those with larger particles and a large surface area allows a media to hold more moisture and to increase WHC. Difference in available elements concentration in different sizes may be result of difference in chemical quality of palm wastes (leaves, crust tree and etc).

Highest amounts of N, P, K, number and yield in particle size of 0.5-1 cm showed this size of palm wastes was better for using it as culture media in compare with other sizes according to its yield and fruit quality. Benito et al. (2005) reported the best substrate was substrate with medium to coarse texture, equivalent to a particle size distribution between 0.25 and 2.5 mm, that allows retention of enough readily available water together with adequate air content. On the other hand, Handreck (1983) studied the particle size and physical properties of container media and concluded that the fraction smaller than 0.5 mm, and in particular between 0.1 and 0.25 mm, had the highest influence on porosity and water retention. Pustjarvi and Robertson (1975) indicated that if the rate

of peat bed particles be less than 0.01mm, the particles become so small that the pot aeration capacity is reduced. The highest amounts of N, P, K, number and yield in composting time of 6 months could be due to maturity of compost. Forster et al. (1993) reported the best definition for maturity of compost is applied concept of it with attention to plant response. In this research the best response to culture media was in culture media with composting time of 6 months with regards to its yield and tomato quality. It showed in culture media with composting time of 6 months, biological activity has been decreased and required nutrients are present in adequate amounts for plant growth. Maturity is associated with plant-growth potential and mature compost gives plants an advantage in increased nutrients and water availability, and reduces disease pressures (Christian et al., 2009, Iannotti et al., 1993). Carmona et al. (2012) studied Composting of wine industry wastes and their use as a substrate for growing soilless ornamental plants and reported that compost had no limiting characteristics for its use as a culture media.Some investigation showed composting of fruit and vegetable wastes improved growth and yield of wheat and maize (Ahmad et al., 2007, Zahir et al., 2007). Mohammadi et al. (2011) reported tomato fruit yield, number, N, P and K in date palm and perlite media had no significant difference at 5 % level. Hematian et al. (2012) investigated the effect of addition of some organic waste to soil on yield and some growth indices of greenhouse cucumber and reported higher yield were obtained from pure palm peat media. Alifar et al. (2010) showed that substrates including peat, coco peat and perlite had no significant difference on concentration of nitrogen, phosphors and potassium in cucumber fruit. The results of Saberi et al. (2006) showed that substrates (mica, rice hull, coco peat, perlite and zeolite) had no significant difference on concentration of phosphorus in fruit.

5. Conclusion

The overall results of this research indicated culture media quality is one of the most important influences on yield and quality of fruit. A good culture media has both the chemical and physical properties that promote healthy and yield of fruit. Nutrient elements content especially potassium is important for the nutritional value of tomato; they have beneficial effects on human health.

Acknowledgements

Sincere gratitude goes to Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan) for providing plant materials, experimental sites, and technical assistance.

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some和any的区别和用法上课讲义

s o m e和a n y的区别 和用法

精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 some 和any 的区别和用法 要表示"一些"的意思,可用some, any 。 some 是肯定词(ASSERTIVE WORD 〕,常用于肯定句;any 是非肯定词(NONASSERTIVE WORD 〕,常用于否定句或疑问句。例如: There are some letters for me. There aren''t any letters for me. Are there any letters for me? I seldom get any sleep these days. any 也常用于条件分句以及带有否定含义的句子中: If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有任何麻烦,请让我知道。 I forgot to ask for any change. 我忘了要一些零钱。 当说话人期待肯定回答时,some 也可用于疑问句, 比如当说话人期待来信时,他可以问道: Are there some letters for me? 当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时,也可在疑问句中用some: Could I have some of these apples? Would you like some chocolate cake? 当some 与单数可数名词搭配时, some 相当于a certain ("某一"〕的含义;而any 与单数可数名词搭配,则相当于 every ("任何一个"〕的含义。例如: Some boy has broken a window. 有个男孩打破了窗户。 Any child could answer that question. 任何一个孩子都可以回答这个问题。 替代词one, ones, that, those 在比较结构中的用法辨析 在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one , ones ,that 和those 。 I .替代词one 和ones 的用法: 1.one 只能替代单数名词,one 的复数形式ones 只能替代复数名词。例如: My child doesn't like this book .Show her a more interesting one . 2.替代词one 或ones 必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one 或 ones 在用法上的一个重要特征。例如: I don't like this book .I'd like a more interesting one . 3.当替代词one 或ones 带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如: Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before . 4.当替代词one 或ones 在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this ,that , which 和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如: some 和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some 和any 的用法主要 是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。 some 意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如: some books 一些书,some boys 一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water 一些水,some tea 一些茶叶,some 常用在肯定句中。any 意为 “任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如: --I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 --I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 --Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? --I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。 但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some 而不 用any 。如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何? 当any 表示“任何”的 意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中; Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 选题角度: 辨析 some 和any 的不同用法:some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答 时,多用some 而不用any 。 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,用于never, hardly, without 等词之后,用于if / whether 之后。 而some 则用于肯定句中,用于建议或请求的 疑问句中,用于预料会作肯定回答的疑问句中,用于表示反问的否定的疑句中。 如:1. I’d been expecting ________ letters the whole morning, but there weren’t ________ for me. (全国卷) A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none 【分析】答案选A 。前一分句是肯定句,用some ,后 一分句是否定名句,用any 。另外,后一分句的weren’t 显示这是否定句,主语应为复数,排除C 和D ;many 一般不用于肯定句,a few 一般用 于肯定句,排除B 。 2. Let us hope we can settle the matter without ________ more trouble. (全国卷) A. any B. a little C. some D. little 【分析】答案选A 。without 表否定,用any 。 3. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read ________ stories by writers from ________ countries. (全国卷) A. some; any B. some;some C. some; other D. other; other 【分析】答案选C 。肯定句中用some 表示“一些”,other 作定 语,意为“别的”。 4. There’s ________ cooking oil left in the hou se. Would you go to the corner store and get ________ ? (北 京卷) A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any 【分析】答案选A 。后句是表示请求的问句中,用some ,排 除B 和D ;由后文的意思可知,语气是否定的,排除C 。 5. ―I fee a bit hungry. ―Why don’t you have ________ bread? (全国卷) A. any B. some C. little D. a 【分析】答案选B 。表示建议的疑问句中 用some 。

some和any的用法与练习题

some和 any 的用法及练习题( 一) 一、用法: some意思为:一些。可用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词,常常用于肯定句 . any 意思为:任何一些。它可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,当修饰可数名词 时要用复数形式。常用于否定句和疑问句。 注意: 1、在表示请求和邀请时,some也可以用在疑问句中。 2、表示“任何”或“任何一个”时,也可以用在肯定句中。 3、和后没有名词时,用作代词,也可用作副词。 二、练习题: 1.There are ()newspapers on the table. 2.Is there ( )bread on the plate. 3.Are there () boats on the river? 4.---Do you have () brothers ?---Yes ,I have two brothers. 5.---Is there () tea in the cup? --- Yes,there is () tea in it ,but there isn’t milk. 6.I want to ask you() questions. 7.My little boy wants ()water to drink. 8.There are () tables in the room ,but there aren’t ( )chairs. 9.Would you like () milk? 10.Will you give me () paper? 复合不定代词的用法及练习 一.定义: 由 some,any,no,every 加上 -body,-one,-thing,-where构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词 . 二. 分类: 1.指人:含 -body 或 -one 的复合不定代词指人 . 2.含-thing 的复合不定代词指物。 3.含-where 的复合不定代词指地点。 三:复合不定代词: somebody =someone某人 something 某物,某事,某东西 somewhere在某处,到某处 anybody= anyone 任何人,无论谁 anything任何事物,无论何事,任何东西 anywhere 在任何地方 nobody=no one 无一人 nothing 无一物,没有任何东西 everybody =everyone每人,大家,人人 everything每一个事物,一切 everywhere 到处 , 处处 , 每一处

Some和any的用法及练习

S o m e和a n y的用法及练 习 Prepared on 24 November 2020

Some 和any的用法及练习 不定代词:不是指确定的对象,而是仅具有非确定特指含义,不明确指代某事或某人的代词。通常用作替代词。 有all /both/every/both/either/neither/one/none/litt le/few/many/much/other/another/some/any/ no以及由some/any/no/every组合的复合不定代词。 some意为“一些”、“几个”,通常用于肯定句中。 现将其主要用法归纳如下: 一、 some作形容词用时,可以修饰复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如: There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几个学生。 There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。 二、 some作代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语。例如: Some of the boys are playing games now. 有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。 I have no paper. Please give me some. 我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。 三、 some有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反问句中。例如:

Can you give me some money 你能给我一些钱吗 Would you like some more rice 再来点米饭好吗 Why don’t you buy some flowers for her 你为什么不给她买些花呢If you want (some), I’ll give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就给你一些。 四、some 与单数可数名词搭配,表示未知的人或物,相当于a(an) 或 a certain。 There must be some job I could do. 肯定有我能做的事情。 Some book on this topic was published last year. 去年出版了有关这主题方面的书。 注意:some + 可数名词复数中的“some”作“一些”解。 五、some用在基数词和few之前,是副词,表示“在概”或“在约”的意思,等于about。 例:There were some 40 or 50 people there.那里大约有40或50人。 any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答语或疑问句中。其具体用法如下: 一、 any作形容词用时,可以修饰可数名词的单数或复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如: Do you have any questions to ask 你有什么问题要问吗There isn’t any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没有水。二、 any作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用。例如:

some和any的用法

some和any的用法: (1)两者修饰可数单数名词,表某一个;任何一个;修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词,表一些;有些。〔2)一般的用法:some用于肯定句;any用于疑问句,否定句或条件句。 I am looking for some matches. Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches. (3)特殊的用法: (A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时,问句也用some。 Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.) (B) any表任何或任何一个时,也可用于肯定句。 Come any day you like. (4)some和any后没有名词时,当做代名词,此外两者也可做副词。 Some of them are my students.〔代名词) Is your mother any better?(副词) 3. many和much的用法: (1)many修饰复数可数名词,表许多; much修饰不可数名词,表量或程度。 He has many friends, but few true ones. There hasn't been much good weather recently. (2)many a: many a和many同义,但语气比较强,并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。 Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.) (3)as many和so many均等于the same number of。前有as, like时, 只用so many。 These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.

some与any的用法区别教案资料

s o m e与a n y的用法 区别

some与any的用法区别 一、一般说来,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。例如: She wants some chalk. She doesn’t want any chalk. Here are some beautiful flowers for you. Here aren’t any beautiful flowers. 二、any可与not以外其他有否定含义的词连用,表达否定概念。例如: He never had any regular schooling. In no case should any such idea be allowed to spread unchecked. The young accountant seldom (rarely, hardly, scarcely) makes any error in his books. I can answer your questions without any hesitation. 三、any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中。例如: If you are looking for any stamps, you can find them in my drawer. If there are any good apples in the shop, bring me two pounds of them. If you have any trouble, please let me know. 四、在下列场合,some也可用于疑问句。 1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的。例如: Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(说话人认为下午有人要求,所以用some)

some和any用法和区别-小升初英语语法汇总

some和any用法和区别,小升初英语语法汇总 some 表示一些 any表示任何一个 somesome用在肯定句中,也可以用在表示婉转意思的疑问句中,表询问或建议;any 用于否定句和一般疑问句。 请注意看下列例句后扩号中说明的用法。 There is some water in the glass. (肯定句) There are some flowers in the garden. (肯定句) There aren’t any lamps in the study.(否定句) Are there any maps on the wall?(一般疑问句) Would you like some orange juice? (希望得到肯定回答,表建议) Would you like some lessons in Wangjing Dynamic English World with me this week ? (表询问,希望得到肯定回答) 这周你想和我一起上望京能动英语的几堂课吗? Do you want to take any photos at the party? (一般疑问句) 练一练:选用some或any填空。 1) There isn’t ______milk in the fridge. 2) I can see______cars, but I can’t see______buses. 3) He has ______ friends in England. 4) Were there ______fruit trees on the farm? 5) Here are ______presents for you. 6) Does Tom want to take ______ photos? 7) Is there______rice in the kitchen? 8) There are______new buildings in our school.

some和any的用法

some和any的用法 1.some adj.一些;某些;某个pron. 某些;若干;某些人 a.adj. some可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词,意为“某些”。 Some people are playing football. (some+可数名词) I ate some bread. (some+不可数名词) b.adj. some后面可以修饰可数名词的单数,意为“某(个)”。 Some day you will know. (some+可数名词的单数) 有一天你会知道的。 Some student cheated in the exam.(some+可数名词的单数) 有个学生考试作弊。 对比:Some students cheated in the exam.有些学生考试作弊。 c.pron. some此时作代词,后面不需要再加名词就可以表示“有些(人)”的意思。 All students are in the classroom, and some are doing their homework. d.pron. some作代词,意为“若干(…)”。 There are 10 apples on the table. You can take some. 桌上10个苹果,你可以拿走一些。 2.any adj.任何的;所有的pron.任何一个;任何 a.adj. any可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,意为“任何的,所有的任何一(…)”。 (用于否定意义的陈述句、疑问句、条件状语从句if中) Do you have any ideas?(any+可数名词复数)(疑问句) 你有什么想法吗? I don’t have any bread.(any+不可数名词)(否定意义的陈述句) Please tell me if you have any problem.(if引导的条件状语从句) b.any后面可以加可数名词的单数,意为“任何一(…)”。 Any error would lead to failure.(any+可数名词单数) 任何(一个)错误都会导致失败。 c.pron. any此时作代词,与some里面c点的用法相似,只是表示这个意义的时候,any多用于否定句和疑问 句中。 比较:There are 10 apples on the table. You can take some. 桌子上有10个苹果,你可以拿走一些。 There are 10 apples on the table, but you can’t take any. 桌子上有10个苹果,但是你不能拿。 There are some apples on the table.桌上有些苹果。 There aren’t any apples on the table.桌上没有苹果。 由此,把陈述句变为否定句/一般疑问句的时候,要把some改成any。 思考:some只用于肯定句,any只用于否定句和疑问句中吗吗? 不一定,要看句子本身想表达的意思。 1.some可以用于肯定句和疑问句中。在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句中,用some表示说话 人希望得到肯定的回答。例如: Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗? 这里用some而不用any,是因为说话人期待得到对方肯定的回答。 (因此Would you like…?你想要…吗?这个句型中多用some而不用any) 比较: Do you have any books?这里用any而不用some,说明这只是因为这只是纯粹的疑问。

some与any的用法区别

some与any的用法区别 一、一般说来,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。例如: She wants some chalk. She doesn’t want any chalk. Here are some beautiful flowers for you. Here aren’t any beautiful flowers. 二、any可与not以外其他有否定含义的词连用,表达否定概念。例如: He never had any regular schooling. In no case should any such idea be allowed to spread unchecked. The young accountant seldom (rarely, hardly, scarcely) makes any error in his books. I can answer your questions without any hesitation. 三、any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中。例如: If you are looking for any stamps, you can find them in my drawer. If there are any good apples in the shop, bring me two pounds of them. If you have any trouble, please let me know. 四、在下列场合,some也可用于疑问句。 1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的。例如: Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(说话人认为下午有人要求,所以用some)Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(说话人不知道下午是否有人来,所以用any) Didn’t you give him some tickets?(说话人认为票已经给他了。问题的回答是:Sure I did) Did you give him any tickets?(说话人不知道是否给票了。回答可能是yes或no。) 2、款待用语或问句的实质等于提出一个要求并希望得到肯定的回答时。例如:

关于some和any的用法和区别

关于some和any的用法和区别 some和any都是常见词汇,他们有共同点也有很多不一样的地方,你们知道他们饿区别在哪里吗?接下来小编在这里给大家带来some和any的用法和区别,我们一起来看看吧! some和any的用法和区别 一、some和any作为形容词或代词,可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词,表示不定量,意为一些,其区别是:对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时,用some;持非肯定(否定或疑问)态度时,用any。 在以下句子中使用some: 1.肯定句(包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分)。如: There are some new books on the teachers desk. We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please. He bought some bread, didnt he? 2.持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如: Are there some stamps in that drawer? Didnt she give you some money? 3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句,通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复,所以也用some。如: May I ask you some questions?

Would you like some tea? 4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如: Where can I get some buttons? Do you have some pens or pencils? 在以下句子中使用ANY: 1.否定句(包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分)。如: I cant give you any help now. Do not make any noise. There werent any trees here, were there? 2.含有除not以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子。如: Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework. He went to London without any money in his pocket. She was too poor to buy any new clothes. 3.一般疑问句(持肯定态度的除外)。如: Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday? I want some paper. Do you have any? 4.条件状语从句。如: If you are looking for any ink, you can find it on my desk. If there are any good apples there, get me two kilos, please.

some和any地用法

(1)some和any 的用法: some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗?) any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗?) any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。) (2)no和none的用法: no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如:There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借) none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如:None of them is/are in the

classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) (3)all和both的用法: all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如:I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个?两个都要。) all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如:All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮) (4)every和each用法: every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念; each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念;each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of 短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前 every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学

some,any,one ones those that的区别和用法

some和any的区别和用法 要表示"一些"的意思,可用some, any。 some 是肯定词,常用于肯定句;any是非肯定词,常用于否定句或疑问句。例如: There are some letters for me. There aren''t any letters for me. Are there any letters for me? I seldom get any sleep these days. any也常用于条件分句以及带有否定含义的句子中: If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有任何麻烦,请让我知道。 I forgot to ask for any change. 我忘了要一些零钱。 当说话人期待肯定回答时,some也可用于疑问句, 比如当说话人期待来信时,他可以问道:Are there some letters for me? 当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时,也可在疑问句中用some: Could I have some of these apples? some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。 some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如: --I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 --I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 --Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? --I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。 但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如:Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何? 当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中; Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 选题角度: 辨析some和any的不同用法:some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。一般用于疑问句或否定句中,用于never, hardly, without等词之后,用于if / whether 之后。而some则用于肯定句中,用于建议或请求的疑问句中,用于预料会作肯定回答的疑问句中,用于表示反问的否定的疑句中。 如: 1. I’d been expecting ________ letters the whole morning, but there weren’t ________ for me. (全国卷)卷 A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none

小升初必备语法----some和any用法的区别

小升初必备语法:some和any的用法 some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句和疑问句。 There are some students in the playground. 操场上有一些学生。Do you have any sweets? 你有一些糖果吗? I can’t see any birds in the tree. 我看不到任何鸟在树上。 其实,有时我们在肯定句中看见any,在疑问句中看见some。这又是怎么回事呢? some用于疑问句中 表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句,或者我们希望得到对方肯定的回答,句中常出现情态动词can, would, may和could。 May I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗? Would you like some coffee? 你想喝咖啡吗? What about some apple juice? 来点苹果汁如何? any用于肯定句中 起强调作用,后面常接可数名词的单数,表示“任何一个”。 Any student can read this word .任何学生都可以读这个单词。Any colour will do.什么颜色都行。 同学们,现在请你来解决“一些”问题吧!试用some和any填空。 1. Lily puts ________ flowers in the vase. 2. Are there ________ shops near the library? 3. Would you like ________ milk in your coffee? 4. You can take ________ present you like. 5. We can’t se e signs on the wall. Key: 1. some 2. any 3. some 4. any 5.any

some和any的用法教学内容

some 和any 的主要区别为:some和any都表示“一些” ,但是“some”用于肯 定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。例如: There are some apples in the basket. 篮子里有一些苹果。 变成否定句: There are not any apples in the basket. 篮子里没有苹果。 变成疑问句: Are there any apples in the basket? 篮子里有苹果吗? 特殊1:some:希望得到肯定的答复。 Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.) any:表任何或任何一个 Come any day you like. 特殊2:some和any后没有名词时,当做代名词,此外两者也可做副词。 Some of them are my students.〔代名词〕 Is your mother any better?(副词) 1. some用于疑问句或否定中: 1)在否定疑问句中,表示问话人的肯定倾向和对否定的惊讶和怀疑。如: Don't you have some new books? You have some new books, don't you? 你难道连几本新书 都没有吗。(在问话人心目中,"you"是有新书的,如今听说没有,因而表示惊讶和怀疑) 2)一般疑问句中,表示问话人盼望得到肯定的答复。如: -Can I have some apples? -Certainly! 3)表示建议。如: What about some fruit juice。喝点儿果汁怎么样。 2. any用于肯定句中: 1)表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中的一个。 如: You may take any one of these books.你可以随便拿一本书。 He studies harder than any of his classmates. (=He studies harder than any other students in his class.)他比班上任何一个学生都努力。 2)作"任何,无论谁"解。如: Any of them will do.他们中间的谁都行。 Any of them can tell you.他们无论谁都能告诉你。 我们知道,some通常用于肯定句,any则用于否定句或疑问句。但随着学习的深入,我们发现,情况并不完全如此,上述说法只能算是对some和any用法的一个不太准确和完整的概括。由于some和any是英语中比较常用的词,我们有必要对其用法作出较完善的归纳。 一、some和any作为形容词或代词,可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词,表示不定量,意为“一些”,其区别是:对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时,用some;持非肯定(否定或疑问)态度时,用any。 在以下句子中使用some: 1.肯定句(包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分)。如: There are some new books on the teacher's desk. We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please. He bought some bread, didn't he? 2.持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如: Are there some stamps in that drawer? Didn't she give you some money? 3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句,通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复,所以也用some。如: May I ask you some questions? Would you like some tea? 4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如: Where can I get some buttons? Do you have some pens or pencils? 在以下句子中使用ANY: 1.否定句(包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分)。如: I can't give you any help now. Do not make any noise. 精品文档

some和any的用法及练习题知识讲解

some和any的用法及练习题 (一) 一、用法: some意思为:一些。可用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词,常常用于肯定句. any意思为:任何一些。它可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,当修饰可数名词时要用复数形式。常用于否定句和疑问句。 注意:1、在表示请求和邀请时,some也可以用在疑问句中。 2、表示“任何”或“任何一个”时,也可以用在肯定句中。 3、和后没有名词时,用作代词,也可用作副词。 二、练习题: 1.There are ( )newspapers on the table. 2.Is there ( )bread on the plate. 3.Are there ( ) boats on the river? 4.---Do you have ( ) brothers ?---Yes ,I have two brothers. 5.---Is there ( ) tea in the cup? ---Yes,there is ( ) tea in it ,but there isn’t milk. 6.I want to ask you ( ) questions. 7.My little boy wants ( )water to drink. 8.There are ( ) tables in the room ,but there aren’t ( )chairs. 9.Would you like ( ) milk? 10.Will you give me ( ) paper? 复合不定代词的用法及练习 一.定义: 由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing,-where构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词. 二.分类: 1.指人:含-body或-one的复合不定代词指人. 2.含-thing的复合不定代词指物。 3.含-where的复合不定代词指地点。 三:复合不定代词: somebody =someone某人 something某物,某事,某东西 somewhere在某处,到某处 anybody= anyone任何人,无论谁 anything任何事物,无论何事,任何东西 anywhere在任何地方 nobody=no one无一人 nothing无一物,没有任何东西 everybody =everyone每人,大家,人人 everything每一个事物,一切 everywhere到处,处处,每一处

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