专四英语听力听写后50篇听力原文

9 Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory

that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His

parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religion’s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow

to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years

old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when

he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to be north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult

for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them.

He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.

Useful expressions and words

1. device 装置，设备

leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.

她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。

2. compass 指南针

beyond one’s compass某人力所不及

catch/fetch/take a compass兜圈子，绕道，拐弯抹角

keep sth within compass 把某种事物限制在适当的范围内

speak within compass 谨慎小心地说

within sb’s compass 某人力所能及的

within the compass of 在……范围内

3.magnetism 磁力

10 Private Cars

With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a car. Yet opinions of the development of a

private car vary from person to person.

It gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility. The owner of a

car is no longer forced to reply on public transport, and hence no

irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxis. However, others strongly

object to developing private cars. They maintain that as more and more

cars are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas

will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to

the health of people.

Whether private cars should be developed in Chicago is a difficult

question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a

private car can bring will not be eliminated

11 A Henpecked Husband and His Wife

There was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had

a jo

b in a big company and was given his weekly wages every Friday evening. As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all

his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch

in his company every day.

One day, the small man came home very excited. He hurried into the

living-room. His wife was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there.

“You will never guess what happened to me to day, dear.” he said.

He waited for a few seconds and then added, “I won ten thousand dollars

on the lottery!”

“That is wonderful! ” said his wife delightedly. But then she pulled

a long face and added angrily, “But how could you afford to buy the

tick et?”

U

s

e

ful

W

ord

s

and

Ex

pr

es

sio

ns

:

1. henpecked 怕老婆的，妻管严的

2. lottery 彩票

a great lottery 虚无缥缈的事

3. pull a long face 拉下脸来

have a face to say that脸皮厚得竟能讲出这种话

12 AYoung Man’s Promise

One day, a young man was writing a letter to his girlfriend who lived just

a few miles away in a nearby town. He was telling her how much he loved

her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote the more poetic he became. Finally he said that in order to be with her, he would suffer

the greatest difficulties, he would face the greatest dangers that anyone couldn’t imagine. In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would

swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest, and he

would fight against the fiercest animals with his bare hands.

He finished the letter, signed his name and then suddenly remembered that

he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript

below his name, he added:

“By the way, I’ll be over to see you on Wednesday night, if it doesn’t

rain.”

13 AKind Neighbor

Mr. and Mrs. Jones’ apartment was full of luggage, packages, furniture and boxes. Both of them were very busy when they heard the doorbell ring.

Mrs. Jones went to open it and she saw a middle-aged lady outside. The

lady said she lived next door. Mrs. Jones invited her to come in and

apologized because there was no place for her to sit. “Oh, that’s OK.”

said the lady. “I just come to welcome to your new home. As you know,

in some parts of this city, neighbors are not friendly at all. They are

some apartment houses where people don’t know any of their neighbors,

not even the ones next door. But in this building, everyone is very

friendly with everyone else. We are a big happy family. I am sure you will

be very ha ppy here.” Mr. and Mrs. Jones said, “But madam, we are not

new dwellers in this apartment. We’ve lived here for two years. We are

moving out tomorrow.”

14 That Isn’t Our Fault

Mr. and Mrs. Williams got married when he was twenty-three, and she was

twenty. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer

came and took some photographs of them. Then the photographer gave Mrs. Williams a card and said, “They’ll be

ready next Wednesday. You can get them from studio.”

“No,” Mrs. Williams said, “please send them to us.”

The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when

she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer’s studio.

She went inside and said angrily, “You took some photographs of me a nd

my husband last week, but I’m not going to pay for them.”

“Oh, why not?” the photographer asked.

“Because my husband looks like a monkey,” Mrs. Williams said.

“Well,” the photographer answered, “that isn’t our fault. Why didn’t

you think of that be fore you married him?”

15 A Guide's Answer

In 1861, the Civil War started in the United States between the Northern

and the Southern states. The war continued with great bitterness until

1865, when the Northerners were victorious. However, even today, many

Southerners have not forgotten their defeat, or forgiven the Northerners.

A few years ago, a party of American tourists were going round one of the

battlefields of the Civil War with a guide who came from one of the Southern

states. At each place, the guide told the tourists stirring stories about

how a few Southern soldiers had conquered powerful forces of Northerners

there.

At last, one of the tourists, a lady who came from the North, stopped the

guide and said to him, “ But surely that the Northern army must have won

at least one victory in the Civil War?”

“Not as long as I’m the guide here, madam,” answered the Southern guide

16 A Qualified Pilot

The captain of a small ship had to go along a rocky coast, but he was

unfamiliar with it, so he tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him.

He went ashore in one of the small ports, and a local fisherman pretended

that he was a pilot because he needed some money. The captain took him

on board and asked him where to steer the ship.

After half an hour, the captain began to suspect that the fisherman did

not really know what he was doing and where he was going.

“Are you sure you are a qualified pilot?” he asked.

“Oh, yes,” answered the fisherman. “I know every rock on this part of

the coast.”

Suddenly there was a terrible crash from under the ship. At once the

fisherman added, “And that’s one of them.”

17 Living Things React

You and all organisms live an environment. An environment is made up of

everything that surrounds an organism. It can include the air, the water, the soil, and even other organisms.

An organism responds to changes in its environment. When an organism

responds to a change, it reacts in certain ways. All living things respond

in some way.

Have you ever noticed how plants and insects respond to light? Plants bend

toward light. Insects fly toward light.

Living things also respond in other ways. The leaves on some trees respond

to a change in season. In autumn, they change colors and then fall off

the branches Animals also respond to a change in season. Squirrels save

nuts for the winter. Bears sleep through the winter in a cave.

You respond to your environment in many ways, too. You may shiver if you

are cold. What other ways do you respond to changes in your environment?

18 Flowering Plants

What are the parts of a flower?

Flowers can have male parts and female parts. The female parts make eggs

that become seeds. The male parts make pollen. Pollen is a powdery material

that is needed by the eggs to make seeds. To make seeds, pollen and eggs

must come together. The wind, insects, and birds bring pollen to eggs.

Many animals love flowers’ bright colors. They also like a sugary liquid

in flowers. This is called nectar. While they drink nectar, pollen rubs

off on their bodies. As they move, some of this pollen gets delivered to

the female flower parts.

Over time, the female parts turn into fruits that contain seeds. Animals

often eat the fruits and the seeds pass through their bodies as waste.

The animals do no know they are working for the plants by planting seeds

as they travel to different places!

Useful words and Expressions:

1. flowering 开花的

2. pollen 花粉

3. powdery 粉状的

4. sugar 含糖的，甜的

5. nectar花蜜，甘露

6. rub 磨擦

19 Finding the Direction and Location

How can you tell which direction? By day, look for the Sun. It is in the

east in the morning and the west in the afternoon. At night, use the Big

Dipper to help you find the North Star. It would be better to bring a

compass because its needle always points north.

How do you know how far you have gone? You could count every step. Each

step is about two feet. You’d better wear a pedomete r which is a tool

that counts steps. If you know where you started, which direction you are

heading, and how far you have gone, you can use a good map to figure out exactly where you are. Today there is a new way for travelers to figure out where they are. It

is the GPS. It has 24 satellites that orbit the earth and constantly

broadcast their positions. Someday you may carry a small receiver as you

hike and use GPS to find out if you are there yet!

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. dipper北斗七星

2. compass 罗盘

3. pedometer 步数计

4. GPS= Global Position System全球定位系统

5. orbit 轨道，绕……轨道而行

6. receiver 接收器

20 Waves

How does light get from the sun to the earth? How does music get from the

stage to the audience? They move the same way-----in waves!

Light and sound are forms of energy. All waves carry energy, but they may

carry it differently. Light and sound travel through different kinds of

matter. For example, light waves cannot move through walls, but sound

waves can. That is why you can hear people talking in another room even

though you cannot see them. The energy of some waves is destructive. An

earthquake produces seismic waves.

Catch a wave. Ask a friend to stand a few feet away from you. Stretch a spring between you. Shake the spring to transfer energy to it. What happens? The spring bounces up and down in waves. When the waves reach your friend, they bounce back to you!

Light waves travel 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles) per second! They

can also travel through a vacuum. That is why light from the sun and distant stars can travel through space to the earth!

Useful Words and Expressions

;

1. destructive 破坏的

2. seismic地震的

3. vacuum真空

2

1 Soils

There are many different kinds of soils. Different soils have different

types of rock and minerals in them. Some soils have more water in them

than others. Some soils might have more plant and animal material in them, too.

Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. There

are several kinds of soils found in the United States. In some areas, the

soil has a lot of clay. Other soils are very sandy. Loam is a kind of soil

that has a good mixture of clay and sand.

In some places, soil layers are very thick. Lots of plants grow in places

with a thick soil layer. In dry and windy places soil layers are much thinner. Layers of soil on mountains are thin because gravity pulls the

soil downhill.

The type of soil in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can

grow there.

1. clay 黏土，泥土

2. loam 肥土

3. layer 层

4. gravity 地心引力，重力

5. downhill 往下

22 Crisis

Life is a contest! Who will win? A bluebird and sparrow both compete for space to build their nests. A fast-growing maple tree and slower-growing dogwood compete for the sunlight they both need. Oil competes with coal and nuclear power as an energy source for electric power plants!

There is a problem. There is a limited amount of space for birds, sunlight

for trees, and energy for people! If we do not cut back on our uses of

some of our resources, someday they will be gone!

How can we use energy today and know we will have enough to go around in

the future? We can choose alternate, or replacement, energy resources.

It takes the earth millions of years to create coal, oil, and gas. They

are nonrenewable resources.

Solar energy, wind energy and water energy are renewable resources. It

takes the earth millions of years to create coal, oil, and gas. They are

nonrenewable resources.

Solar energy, wind energy and water energy are renewable. What other ways

can we conserve our sources? How can we make sure there is always enough

to go around?

1. bluebird 蓝知更鸟

2. sparrow 麻雀

3. dogwood 山茱萸

4. power plant 发电厂，发电站

5. alternate 替换物

6. nonrenewable resources 不可再生资源

7. conserve 保存，保藏

23 America’s Worst Surprise

December 7, 1941 was one of the worst days in American history. Nearly all Americans who are old enough to remember that day can still remember what

they were doing at the moment they heard “the news”. The news was that

America had been attacked!

Shortly before 2:00 P.M., a radio dispatch came into Washington from Honolulu,

Hawaii. “Air Raid, Pearl Harbor—This is no drill.” Japanese planes had begun an

attack on the largest American military base in the Pacific. They first destroyed

planes on the ground. Then they bombed the ships in the harbor.

No one had expected the attack. So no one was prepared for it. And it did not

take long for Japanese to do their damage. When the smoke cleared, the Navy

counted its losses. Eighteen ships had been sunk or badly damaged. Nearly 150

planes had been destroyed. More than 2,400 Americans had been killed and

more than 1,200 wounded.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. dispatch

派遣，急件

2. air raid

空袭

3. drill

军事训练，操练

4. Pearl Harbor

珍珠港

24 Great Depression in the U.S.

In 1929, the bills started to come in. American industry had produced too many

goods. Americans could not afford to buy all of them. So factories had to cut

down on their production. Many workers lost their jobs. Investors tried to get

their money back. But businesses did not have enough money to pay them.

Banks tried to get their money back from investors. But the investors could not pay, either. Too many people owed money. And few of them could pay their bills.

During the next few years, business got worse and worse. By 1932, banks all

over the country were closing.

People without money could not buy goods. So more businesses closed. More

and more people lost their jobs. By 1932, more than 12 million Americans were

jobless. Millions more were earning barely enough to live on. The country was in

a great depression they had never experienced before.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. bill

帐单，票据

foot the bill

付账，负责

2. cut down on

减少

3. depression

沮丧，萧条

Great Depression

大萧条

25 A Place of Our Own

We are all usually very careful when we buy something for the house. Why?

Because we have to live with it for a long time. We paint a room to make it

brighter, so we choose the colors carefully.

We buy new curtains in order to match the newly decorated room, so they must

be the right color. We move the furniture round so as to make more space—or

we buy new furniture—and so on. It is an endless business.

Rich or poor, we take time to furnish a room. Perhaps some people buy furniture

in order to impress their friends. But most of us just want to enjoy our

surroundings. We want to live as comfortably as we can afford to. We spend a large part of our lives at home. We want to make a small corner in the world

which we can recognize as our own.

26 Travel for Work

You can see them in every airport in the world. They are businessmen and

women who have to travel for their work.

When they first applied for the job, they may have thought of good food and

hotels, huge expense accounts and fashionable cities. Now they have to sit in

airport lounges, tired and uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to the

loudspeaker announce “The fight of Tokyo, or Berlin, or New York is delayed for

another two hours.” Some people say to me, “How lucky you are to be able to

travel abroad in your work! You can go sightseeing without paying any money

by yourself!” They think that my job is like a contin ual holiday. It is not.

There are advantages, of course, and I do thin I am lucky, but only because I

can go to places I would never visit if I was a tourist.

27

Intelligence

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence

developed by our environment and our experience?

Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our

intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a

genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who

lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives

in rich and varied surroundings. Thus, the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his

environment. This view, held by most experts now, can be supported in a

number of ways. As is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent

something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two

people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.

28 A Free Dress Every Week

The temptation to steal is greater than ever before especially in large shops and

people are not so honest as they once were.

A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a

large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the

shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to

watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she

chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an

assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. The woman simply

took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was

arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter.

Believe it or not, the girl “gave” her mother a free dress every week!

29

Time

Time is tangible. One can gain time, spend time, waste time, save time, or even

kill time. Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as

though time were a possession. “Do you have any time?”, “Can you get some

time for this?”, “How much free time do you have?” The treatment of time as a

possession influences the way that time is carefully divided.

Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful

scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices.

Appointment calendars are printed with 15-,30-, and 60-minute time slots. The

idea that “there is a time and place for everything” extends to American social

life. Visitors who drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host’s personal

time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before visiting them is generally

preferred to visitors’ dropping by.

Useful words and expressions:

1. tangible

切实的

2. kill time

消磨时间

3. reveal

显示，揭示

4. scheduling

行程安排

5. slot

缝隙

6. drop by

随便访问

7. preferred

首选的

30 Cartoonists

In a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can tell in

half a dozen paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries to

persuade the reader to his way of thinking. He has great influence on public

opinion. In a political campaign, he plays an important part. Controversial

issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep the cartoonist

well-supplied with current materials.

A clever cartoonist may cause laughter because he often uses humor in his

drawings. If he is sketching a famous person, he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it. Cartoonists, for instance, like to lengthen an already long nose

and to widen an already broad grin. This exaggeration of a person’s

characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exaggeration to put his

message across.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. cartoonist

漫画家

2. campaign

活动

3. controversial

争论的，争议的

4. sketch

素描

5. prominent

卓越的

6. exaggerate

夸张

7. lengthen

延长

8. grin

露齿笑

31 Water Pollution

Water is very important to us. Factories and plants need water for industrial

uses and large pieces of farmland need it for irrigation. Without water to drink,

people die in a short time.

Today most water sources are so dirty that people must purify water before

drinking. Water becomes dirty in many ways: industrial pollution is one of them.

With the development of industry, plants and factories pour tons of industrial

wasters into rivers every day. The rivers have become seriously polluted, and

the water is becoming unfit for drinking or irrigation. The same thing has also

happened to our seas and oceans. So, the problem of water pollution is almost

worldwide. Scientists of many countries have done a lot of work to stop pollution. The

polluted water in some places has become clean and drinkable again. Perhaps

one day the people in all towns and cities will be drinking clean water. That day,

we believe, is not very far off.

32

Making a Complaint

Complaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. But if something

you have brought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not

asking for a favor to get it put right.

Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where

you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. In a small

store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain direct. In a chain

store, ask the manager. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who

handles your enquiry, otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the

complaint later. If you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the

facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to

prove you bought the article.

33

Where Do the British Live

Nearly everyone in Britain would like to own their own home and, whether they

do or not, they are prepared to put time and money into decorating and

furnishing it or even making structural alterations to it. Because of the climate

and because of the expense involved in going out for the evening, the British

spend a lot of time at home and a large part of their social life takes place there Young people tend to stay with their families longer these days as

accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college,

there are various options open to them. They can get lodgings with a landlady.

This means that they rent a room in someone’s house and have breakfast with

the family. They can also get a bed-sitting room, that is to say one

self-contained room in which they can cook, live and sleep. Alternatively, they

can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people, perhaps the most

popular option of all.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. lodging

寄宿处

卧室兼起居室

3. bed-sitting

卧室兼起居室的

4. self-contained

设备齐全的

34 Will Computers Replace Human Beings?

We are in the computer age today. The computers are working all kinds of

wonders now. They are very useful in automatic control and data processing. At

the same time, computers are finding their way into the home. They seem to be

so clever and can solve such complicated problems that some people think

sooner or later they will replace us.

But I do not think that there is such a possibility. My reason is very simple:

computers are machines, not humans. And our tasks are far too various and

complicated for any one single kind of machine to perform. Probably the greatest difference between man and computer is that the former

can do things of his own while the latter can do nothing without being

programmed. In my opinion, computers will remain nothing but an extension of

our human brains, no matter how clever and complicated they may become.

36 Artists

Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not

only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not

been said before.

What visual artists, like painters, want to say is easy to make out but difficult to

explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors,

not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors, out

of the countless billions of possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and

worth showing to us.

Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from

human bodies in motion and response; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights.

Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide

an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not

choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects.

Useful words and Expressions:

1. visual artist

视觉艺术家

挑选，选择

3. exceptional

例外的，异常的

4. motion

运动，动作

5. indicate

显示，象征

6. contemporary

当代的，同时代的

7. without reference to

不论，与

……

无关

37 Professioanl Sports in the U.S.

Professional sports are not only very popular in the United States, but also a big

business. The most popular sports are baseball, football and basketball. Each

sport has its own season and individual teams have millions of supporters.

Professional teams are named for the cities where they are located. For example,

the Lakers are in Los Angeles. The strongest supporters of the Lakers are

residents of Los Angeles and Southern California. When the Lakers play, many

people in Los Angeles enthusiastically follow the game. When we mention “NBA”,

almost every one knows it ahs some relationship with U.S. professional

basketball. However, what does it really stand for? N.B.A is gaining new fans

and supporters around the world. Basketball has been called the “national

pastime”. However, football is the most popular professional sport in the U.S.. American football is different from international football, which Americans call

“soccer”. Both games require strength and specialized skills.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. be named for

被指定为

2. be short for

是

……

的简称

3. stand for

代表

38 “How to” Books

Books which give instructions on how to do things are popular in the United States today. Thousands of these “how to” books are available. In fact, there

are about for thousand boo ks with titles that begin with the words “how to’.

Many “how to” books give advice on careers. They tell you how to choose a

career and how to succeed in it. Many of these books help people to use their

free time better. Some people want book which will give them useful

information about sports, hobbies and travel. Other people use their free time to

make repairs and improvements on their homes. They prefer books which give

step-by-step instructions on how to repair things like plumbing and electrical

wiring or on how to redecorate or enlarge a house.

Why have “how to” books become so popular? Probably because life has become

more complex. Today people have far more free to use, more choices to make,

and more problems to solve, “how to” books help people to deal with modern life.

Useful words and Expressions:

1. step-by-step

按部就班的

2. redecorate

重新装饰，再装饰

3. complex

复杂的，综合的

39 Don’t give up

If we would ever accomplish anything in life, let us not forget that we must

persevere. If we would learn our lessons in school, we must be diligent and not

give up whenever we come to anything difficult. We shall find many of our

lessons very hard, but let us consider that the harder they are the better they

will do to us if we will preserve and learn them thoroughly.

But there are some among us who are ready to give up when they come to a hard example in mathematics, and say, “I can’t do this.” They never will if they

feel so. “I can’t” never does anything worthwhile, but “I’ll try” accomplishes

wonders.

Let us remember that we shall meet with difficulties all through life. They are in

the pathway of everyone. If we will only try and keep trying, we shall be sure to

conquer and overcome very difficulty we meet.

40

How High Can You Jump?

Fleas trainers have observed a strange habit of fleas while training them.

Fleas are trained by putting them in a cardboard box with a top on it. The fleas

will jump up and hit the top of the cardboard box over and over and over again.

As you watch them jump and hit the lid, something very interesting becomes

obvious. The fleas continue to jump, but they are no longer jumping high

enough to hit the top.

When you take off the lid, the fleas continue to jump, but they will not jump out

of the box. They will not jump out because they cannot jump out. Why? The

reason is simple. They have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have conditioned themselves to jump just so high. Once they have

conditioned themselves to jump just so high, that is all they can do!

Many times, people do the same thing. They restrict themselves and never

reach their potential. Just like the fleas, they fail to jump higher, thinking they

are doing al they can do.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. cardboard

纸板

2. lid

盖子

3. conditioned

有条件的，习惯于

……

的

4. restrict

限制，约束

be restricted within narrow limits

限于狭窄的范围内

be restricted in one’s movements

行动受限制

41 Apology Helps

It is never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to

know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you

have judged roughly, you said unkind things, and pushed yourself ahead at the

expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and

truly that you were so sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening, isn’t it?

It is frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small

wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; and it

stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed.

A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it

stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you,

someone you have wronged, or judged too roughly, or just neglected, do something about it right now.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. push ahead

捉紧进行

2. at the expense of

在损害

……

的情况下

3. mysterious

神秘的

4. moral

道德的

5. disturbed

扰乱的

6. stay out of

不参与

……

，置身于

……

之外

7. heartfelt

衷心的，真心真意的

8. roughly

粗糙地，概略地

42 Sleep

Why is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired? There is no one

answer that applies to every individual. It is possible to feel “tired” physically and still be unable to fall asleep, because while your body may be exhausted, you do not feel sleepy. It is not so easy to simply “turn off”.

Lack of sleep complicates matters even more. Experts say adults need at least seven to eight hours of sleep a night to function properly. When you get less sleep than that on consecutive three nights, you begin to accrue four “sleep debt”. As sleep debt increases your body experiences a stress response. Now a vicious cycle has been created: You experience the feeling of being more and more tired, but your body is increasingly stimulated. “Power sleeping” for more hours on weekends is only a temporary solution. There is no substitute for getting a good night’s sleep on a regular basis.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. overtire

使过度疲劳

2. apply to

将

……

应用于

3. consecutive

连续的，连贯的

4. accrue

自然增加，产生

5. vicious

恶的

vicious cycle

恶性循环

6. stimulate

刺激，激励

7. substitute for

代替

……

，替换

……

43 Our Concern

The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living

things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the

habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the

environment. Only in the present century has one species of man acquired

significant power to alter the nature of his world.

The rapidity of change follows the pace of man rather than the pace of nature.

Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The

chemicals are the creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in

nature.

We have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals into the hands of

persons largely ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected

enormous numbers of people to contact with these enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without

their knowledge. We have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no

advance investigation of their effect. Future generations are unlikely to forgive

our lack of concern.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. interaction

交互作用，交感

2. vegetation

植被

3. mold

塑造，浇铸

4. species

种类

5. unnatural

不自然的

6. temper with

损害，影响

7. counterpart

配对物

8. poisonous

有毒的

9. potent

有力的，有效的

10. consent

同意，赞成

44 Gardening in America

Believe or not, 43,000,000 Americans are gardening. That is about one in six.

Gardeners, of course, come in many varieties. Not surprisingly, most of them

are people who live in the suburbs, and enjoy planting flowers, or maybe a small

vegetables garden.

The average age of gardeners in America is about 45 years old; they usually fall

somewhere in the middle class. But the fastest growing groups are city dwellers.

Urban residents are finding ways of gardening even in their crowded areas Many go to large public gardens, as a place designed by the city for garden, and

you can actually ranch your own plot.

Still other people use their balconies or roof tops, wherever they can find the

space to plant small patches of green.

Useful Words and Expressions:

1. suburb

郊区

2. dweller

居民

3. ranch

经营牧场

4. balcony

阳台

5. patch

小块地

45.The Influence of Life

In the early times when human beings hunted and gathered food, they were not

in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings

as the other lower animals did.

When they learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel, they cut down trees. They also

burned clearings in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a

greater grazing area for the wild animals that human beings fed upon. This

development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire provided the

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3.A Popular Pastime of the English People One of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time. Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them. But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or some thing growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English. 4. British and American Police Officers Real policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time. Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes. Useful Words and Expressions: 1. think much of 重视，尊重 2. in court 在法庭上 3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者 4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的 5. Living Space How much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions. 6. The United Nations In 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United

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2008年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the.following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 1. When is Anne available for the meeting? A. The third week of May. B. The third week of June. C. The eleventh of June. D. The eleventh of May. 2. Their meeting will probably take place in A. London. B. Toronto. C. Mexico City. D. Chicago. 3. When is Eric calling back? A. Thursday afternoon. B. Friday afternoon. C. Thursday morning.

D. Friday morning. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 4. According to the woman, advertisements A. let us know the best product. B. give us sufficient information. C. fail to convince people. D. give misleading information. 5. In the woman's opinion, money spent on advertisements is paid A. by manufacturers. B. by customers. C. by advertisers. D. by all of them. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?. A. The woman seems to be negative about advertising. B. The woman appears to know more about advertising. C. The man is to be present at a debate on advertising. D. The man has a lot to talk about on advertising. Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,