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APA and MLA论文格式

APA and MLA论文格式
APA and MLA论文格式

目录

[隐藏]

? 1 格式

? 2 标题

? 3 文献引用

? 4 参考文献清单

o 4.1 纸本文献

o 4.2 线上文献

? 5 本条目参考文献

? 6 相关条目

?7 外部链接

[编辑]格式

虽然有些作者对于APA格式其中的一些规范感到不妥,但APA格式仍备受推崇。期刊采用同一种格式能够让读者有效率的浏览和搜集文献资料,写作时感到不确定的学者们发现这样的格式手册非常有帮助。譬如,手册中的“非歧视语言”章节明文禁止作者针对女性和弱势团体使用歧视的文字,不过使用APA格式的学术期刊有时也会为了让文章更有条理而允许作者忽略此规定。

[编辑]标题

根据APA格式,标题是用来组织文章,使得其有层次架构。APA格式规定了文章内“标题”的特定格式(1到5级),此详细内容可参阅《美国心理协会刊物手册》第五版的第113页,级数和格式如下:

?第1级:置中大小写标题(Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading)

?第2级:置中、斜体、大小写标题(Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading)

?第3级:靠左对齐、斜体、大小写标题(Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Side Heading)

?第4级:缩排、斜体、小写标题,最后加句号(Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period)?第5级:置中大写标题(CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING)根据APA格式,若文章标题有:

?1个级数:使用第1级标题

?2个级数:使用第1和第3级标题

?3个级数:使用第1、第3、和第4级标题

?4个级数:使用第1、第2、第3、和第4级标题

?5个级数:使用第5、第1、第2、第3、和第4级标题

(按:2个级数以上以大标题→小标题方式使用)

注意:

1.目前并无六级以上的标题规定。

2.APA格式不允许“数字”和“单一字母”出现在标题之首。

[编辑]文献引用

文献引用是在一篇文章的段落或文字之中“参考来源”的标注。APA 格式使用哈佛大学文章引用格式,通常来说,一个引用包含了作者名和发表日期,以括号夹注(有时会再加上页数),放在引用文字或句子之后。

详细的引用或参考资料则放在位于文章最后的“参考文献”或“Works Cited”部分。APA格式明确的定义“参考文献”只放入文章内容引用的来源,所以有些文章才会有“参考文献(Reference)”和“Bibliography”的分别。(Bibliography另外包含了作者背景知识的来源,不一定是直接被引用的文献。)

单一作者

格式应为“(作者姓氏(非首字母),发表年份)”。若作者姓名在文章中已被提及,只需标出年份就好(若需要可加上页数),仍需使用括号。多位作者以上同理。

? A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005).

?Pauling (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. 两位作者

作者姓氏必须以他们的名字在其发表文章内的顺序来排序。若两个作

者都在括号内引用,名字中间需加上“&”符号;若不在括号内则使用“and”。

? A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling & Liu, 2005).

?Pauling and Liu (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.

3至5位作者

第一次引用时需列举全部的作者,往后若引用相同的文献,只需举出最主要的作者,再加上“et al.”。但是,在参考文献部分,全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。

? A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, Liu, & Guo, 2005).

?Pauling, Liu, and Guo (2005) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.

?Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.

? A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling et al., 2005).

6位作者以上

举出第一位作者即可,格式应为“(作者 et al.,年份)”。在参考文献部分,全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。

?Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.

多篇文献,同一作者

若一作者有多篇你想引用的文献,只需只用逗号来区隔作品的发表年份(最早到最晚依序排列)。若多篇文献在同一年内发表,请在年份后面加上a、b、c……等标注。(按:abc的使用需与参考文献部分有所对应,而这些文献的编排以标题名称的字母来决定。)

? A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004, 2005a, 2005b).

?Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism

多篇文献,多位作者

根据上一个的规则,并且使用分号隔开。排序先依照作者姓氏的字母,接着是发表年份。

? A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Alford, 1995; Pauling, 2004, 2005; Sirkis, 2003)

直接引述

格式与前述无不同,一样为“(作者,年份,页数)”。

When asked why his behavior had changed so dramatically, Max simply said "I think it's the reinforcement" (Pauling, 2004, p. 69).

[编辑]参考文献清单

APA格式规定“参考文献”部分的人名必须以姓氏的字母顺序来排列,包括姓氏的前缀。譬如,Martin de Rijke应被改成“De Rijke, M.”;Saif Al Falasi则改成“Al-Falasi, Saif.”。(阿拉伯文名字通常在姓氏和前缀之间加上连字号“?”,所以姓氏和前缀自成一体。)[编辑]纸本文献

单一作者著作的书籍:

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍:

Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.

文集中的文章:

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension

and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.

期刊中的文章(非连续页码):

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码):

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章:

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

报纸中的文章:

Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). Misquotes are "Problematastic" says Mayor. Toronto Sol. p. 4.

政府官方文献:

Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for employees (MP 65–347/1124). Ottawa: Minister of Immigration and Revenue.

[编辑]线上文献

针对电子文献、网站和线上文章,APA格式的网站上有订定一些基本的规则,第一就是提供读者详细的文献内容来源,第二为提供其有效的参考来源。

网络文章的打印版本

Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of colour versus black and white [Electronic version]。Journal of Pointless Research, 11, 123–124.

电子期刊的文章(只有网络版的期刊)

Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture. Felines & Felons, 4, Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from

http://journals.f+https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a83479045.html,/spectre/vblofeld-0046g.html

电子短信(newsletter)的文章

Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popular writing: Project update. Off the beaten path, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999, from

http://www.newsletter.offthebeatenpath.news/otr/complaints. html

单篇线上文献(无作者及著作日期)

What I did today. (n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a83479045.html,.mystory.life/blog/didtoday.html

从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献

Rogers, B. (2078). Faster-than-light travel: What we've learned in the first twenty years. Retrieved August 24, 2079, from Mars University, Institute for Martian Studies Web site: http://www.eg.spacecentraltoday.mars/university/dept.html

从数据库搜寻的期刊文章的电子复制版本(3至5位作者)Costanza, G., Seinfeld, J., Benes, E., Kramer, C., & Peterman, J. (1993). Minuti? and insignificant observations from the nineteen-nineties. Journal about Nothing, 52, 475–649. Retrieved October 31, 1999, from NoTHINGJournals database. 电子邮件或其他个人通讯(限定文字)

(A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001). 储存于光碟的书籍

Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [CD]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.

储存于录音带的书籍

Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [Cassette

Recording No. 1999-1999-1999]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.

[编辑]本条目参考文献

The MLA Style Manual

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Further information: The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers

The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing(2008) is the third edition of The MLA Style Manual, first published by the Modern Language Association of America in 1985. It is an academic style guide widely used in the United States, Canada, and other countries, providing guidelines for writing and documentation of research in the humanities, especially in English studies; the study of other modern languages and literatures, including comparative literature; literary criticism; media studies; cultural studies; and related disciplines.

According to the MLA book catalogue description, since first being published in 1985, the MLA Style Manual has been "the standard guide for graduate students, scholars, and professional writers." MLA style "has been widely adopted by schools, academic departments, and instructors for over half a century"; the MLA's "guidelines are also used by over 1,100 scholarly and literary journals, newsletters, and magazines and by many university and commercial presses," and they are "followed throughout North America and in Brazil, China, India, Japan, Taiwan, and other countries around the world" ("What Is MLA Style?").

Contents

[hide]

? 1 Purpose

? 2 Documentation format

o 2.1 Citation and bibliography format

? 2.1.1 Works cited

? 2.1.2 Selected bibliography or Works consulted

o 2.2 Content notes

o 2.3 Bibliography ("Works Cited")

? 2.3.1 Book

? 2.3.2 Article in a periodical (magazine or journal, as well as newspapers)

? 2.3.3 Internet resource

? 2.3.4 CD-ROM

? 2.3.5 Personal interview

? 3 See also

? 4 Notes

? 5 External links

[edit] Purpose

The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. (2008), by the Modern Language Association of America (based on the work of Joseph Gibaldi with co-author Walter S. Achtert for The MLA Style Manual[1985], revised in the 2nd ed. in 1998), is addressed primarily to academic scholars, professors, graduate students, and other advanced-level writers of scholarly books and articles in humanities disciplines such as English and other modern languages and literatures. Many journals and presses in these disciplines require that manuscripts be submitted following MLA style.

[edit] Documentation format

[edit] Citation and bibliography format

[edit] Works cited

MLA style provides a bibliography of "Works Cited" listing works cited in one's text and notes (either footnotes and/or endnotes), which is placed after the main body of a term paper, article, or book.[1]

[edit] Selected bibliography or Works consulted

In addition to "Works Cited", MLA style also provides other possible options for bibliographies such as more-selective lists headed "Selected Bibliography" or "Works Consulted."

[edit] Content notes

In composing "content notes" (formatted as either footnotes or endnotes), one is directed to "avoid lengthy discussions that divert the reader's attention from the primary text" and advised: "In general, comments that you cannot fit into the text should be omitted unless they provide essential justification or clarification of what you have written" (259). "You may use a note, for example, to give full publication facts for an original source for which you cite an indirect source" (259). MLA style "content notes" use the same method of "Parenthetical Documentation and the List of Works Cited," with sources keyed to the list of "Works Cited", discussed in Section 7: "Documentation: Citing Sources in the Text" (240–60).[2]

[edit] Bibliography ("Works Cited")

[edit] Book

Author's name [last name, first name, middle initial or middle name (as given)]. Title. Place of publication: publisher, date. Print. Supplementary information (if any).

Hodgkinson, Tom. How to Be Idle. New York: Harper, 2005. Print.

[edit] Article in a periodical (magazine or journal, as well as newspapers)

Author's name [last name, first name, middle initial or middle name (as given)]. "Article title." Title of periodical Volume number ("for a scholarly journal").[period]issue number ("if available, for a scholarly journal") Date of publication within parentheses ("for a scholarly journal, the year; for other periodicals, the day, month, and year, as available"): Pages ("inclusive"). Print.[3]

Brophy, Mike. "Driving Force." Hockey News 21 Mar. 2006: 16-19. Print.

Kane, Robert. "Turing Machines and Mental Reports." Australasian Jour. of Philosophy 44.3 (1966): 334-52. Print.

If the journal uses only issue numbers, cite the issue number alone.[4]

If citing a "locally-published newspaper" whose city of publication is not in its title, the city is put in square brackets (but not italicized) after the title of the newspaper (178–79).

[edit] Internet resource

Name of author of webpage (last name, first name, middle initial or middle name [as given]). "Article Title." Title of Webpage [publication]. Sponsoring Agency, date of publication (or date page was last modified). Web.(Medium of publication) Web address (optional). Date accessed.

[edit] CD-ROM

Name of author (last name, first name, middle initial or middle name [as given]). "Article title of printed source." Periodical title of printed source, or title of printed analogue Date: inclusive pages. Title of database. CD-ROM. Name of vendor or computer service.

Electronic-publication data or data for access.

Reed, William. "Whites and the Entertainment Industry." Tennessee Tribune 25 Dec. 1996: 28. Ethnic NewsWatch. CD-ROM. Data Technologies, Feb. 1997.

[edit] Personal interview

Name of person interviewed (last name, first name, middle initial or middle name [as given]). Personal interview. Date interviewed.

Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 1993.

[edit] See also

?Comparison of reference management software

?Parenthetical referencing

[edit] Notes

1.^ Such notes are generally referred to as "content notes" and may include additional

information about sources, other sources to consult, using common scholarly

abbreviations such as Cf. ("confer") and E.g. ("for example") and introductory phrases

like "See" or "See also", followed by one or a series of additional source citations, as well

as other kinds of explanations, additional interpretations, or analyses.

2.^ For a full discussion of "Content Notes," see esp. 7.5.1 (259–60).

3.^ Issues are no longer distinguished as consecutively or separately paginated in the 3rd ed.

of the MLA Style Manual. If issues are numbered, the issue numbers are required.

4.^ For details of citing "periodical print publications," inc luding newspapers and scholarly

journals, see 6.5 (174–85).

[edit] External links

?"Frequently Asked Questions about the MLA Style Manual"– "MLA Style Manual FAQs"

(official MLA Webpage)

?"MLA Formatting and Style Guide"— The OWL at Purdue University. (Use information from 2009 updates for the most up to date information.)

?Modern Language Association official website

?UC Berkeley guide on MLA citation style

Retrieved from "https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a83479045.html,/wiki/The_MLA_Style_Manual"

参考文献中MLA格式规范

MLA格式简要规范 MLA格式简要规范 1. 独著 姓,名. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. Bambrough, Renford. The Philosophy of Aristotle. New York: The New American Library, 1963. 2. 两至三名作者 姓,名, 名姓, and 名姓. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. Horton, Rod W., and Herbert W. Edwards. Backgrounds of American Literary Thought. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1952. Atwan, Robert, Donald Mcquade, and John Wright. Edsels, Luckies, and Frigidaires: Advertising the American Way. New York: Dell, 1979. 3. 四名或以上作者 姓,名, et al. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. Belenky, Mary Field, et, al. Women's Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic, 1986. 4. 机构作者 机构名称. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 4th ed. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1994. 5. 匿名作者

学术论文的基本格式要求文档2篇

学术论文的基本格式要求文档2篇Basic format requirements for academic papers 编订:JinTai College

学术论文的基本格式要求文档2篇 前言:论文格式就是指进行论文写作时的样式要求,以及写作标准,就是论文达到可公之于众的标准样式和内容要求,论文常用来进行科学研究和描述科研成果文章。本文档根据论文格式内容要求和特点展开说明,具有实践指导意义,便于学习和使用,本文下载后内容可随意调整修改及打印。 本文简要目录如下:【下载该文档后使用Word打开,按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】 1、篇章1:学术论文的基本格式要求文档 2、篇章2:关于学术论文格式的基本要求文档 篇章1:学术论文的基本格式要求文档 论文主体应由以下几个部分顺序组成: 一、论文中文题目(居中,2号字,黑体) 题名又称题目或标题。题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。 论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息,也是必需考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意和编制

题录、索引等第二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。论文题目十分重要,必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性,用了下面的一句话:论文题目是文章的一半。对论文题目的要求是:准确得体,简短精炼,外延和内涵恰如其分。 二、这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负,二是记录作用的劳动成果,三是便于作者的联系及文献索引(作者索引)。大致分为两种情形,即:单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者······。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度,对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献。 三、作者中文通讯地址(居中,5号字,宋体) 四、中文摘要(30-50字,小4号字,宋体) 论文一般应有摘要,有些为了国际交流,还有外文(多 用英文)摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文即能获得必要的信息。 摘要应包含以下内容: ①从事着一研究的目的和重要性; ②研究的主要内容,指明完成了那些工作;

学术论文的参考文献书写格式

学术论文的参考文献书写格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下: M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母―Z‖标识。 对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点: ①作者姓名采用―姓在前名在后‖原则,具体格式是:姓,名字的首字母. 如:Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, M.R.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & I.Gordon.; ②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67. 2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码. 【举例】[4] 葛家澍,林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001:42. [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45. 3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次). 【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3). [7] French, W. Between Silences: A V oice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33). 4.论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码. 【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17. [9] Spivak,G. ―Can the Subaltern Speak?‖[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313. [10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New Y ork: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78. 5.学位论文 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码. 【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7. 6.研究报告 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码. 【举例】

MLA论文格式

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论文格式 书写规范

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学术论文各部分的写作要求与写作方法

学术论文各部分的写作要求与写作方法 (一)题名 题名又称题目或标题.提名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。 1.准确得体 要求论文题目能准确表达论文内容,恰当反映所研究的范围和深度。 常见毛病是:过于笼统,题不扣文。如:“金属疲劳强度的研究”过于笼统,若改为针对研究的具体对象来命题,效果会好的多,例如“含镍铬的合金材料疲劳强度的研究”,这样的题名就要贴切得多。 2.简短精炼 力求题目的字数要少,用词需要精选。至少多少字算是合乎要求,并无统一的“硬性”规定,一般希望一篇论文题目不要超过20字。 若简短题名不足以显示论文内容或放映出属于系列研究的性质,则可利用正,副标题的方法解决,以加副标题来补充说明特定的实验材料,方法及内容等信息,使标题成为既充实准确又不流于笼统和一般化。 3.外延和内涵要恰如其分

“外延”和“内涵”属于形式逻辑中的概念。所谓外延,是指一个概念所反映的每一个对象;而所谓内涵,则是指对每一个概念对象特有属性的反映。 命题时,若不考虑逻辑上有关外延和内涵的恰当运用,则有可能出现谬误,至少是不当。如“对农村合理的人,畜,机动力组合的设计”这一标题即存在逻辑上的错误。题名中的“人”,其外延可能是青壮年,也可以是指婴儿,幼儿或老人,因为后者也是“人”,然而却不是具有劳动力的人,显然不属于命题所指,所以泛用“人”,其外延不当。同理,“畜”可以指牛,但也可以指羊和猪,试问,哪里见到过用羊和猪来犁田拉磨的呢?所以也属于外延不当的错误。正确的应当改成:“农力,畜力,机动力合理组合的设计”。其中,由于使用了“劳力”与“畜力”,就不会分别误解成那些不具有劳动能力和不能使役的对象。 (三)摘要 摘要应包含以下内容:1,从事这一研究的目的和重要性;2,研究主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作;3,获得基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解;4,结论或结果的意义。 论文摘要虽然要反映以上内容,但文字必须十分简练,内容亦需充分概括,篇幅大小一般限制其字数不超过论文字数的5%。例如,对于6000字的一篇论文,其摘要一般不超出300字。

MLA 论文格式及work cited

PARENTHETICAL CITATION and the WORKS CITED: MLA STYLE Department of English and Film Studies, University of Alberta 2010 The MLA style (MLA Handbook, 2009) allows documentation of an abbreviated kind to appear in the body of your essay in parentheses, thus eliminating all but explanatory or elucidatory footnotes. The parenthetical citations will refer your reader to a list of “Works Cited” (see below) in which all sources quoted or referred to will be alphabetically arranged. Parenthetical Citation 1. Author’s name mentioned. If you introduce a quotation or fact or paraphrase by mentioning the author’s name, you need only give the pagination. An early authority on fairy tales, Henry Bett, claims that the whole study was shoddy but “very instructive” (53). Note: When a quotation ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark, leave the punctuation inside the quotation marks and place the period after the parentheses: Bett thought that the whole study was shoddy but “very instructive!” (53). 2. Author’s name not mentioned. If you do not mention the author’s name before you quote, you should include the last name in parentheses with no punctuation between the name and the page number One early authority on fairy tales referred to the whole study as a shoddy but “very instructive” exercise (Bett 53). 3. Author unknown. Some very old documents, and some very new on-line ones, may not have a known author, or may not state an author’s name. You can signal the title of the work, or include a short title in parentheses. The Harvard Report on Baseball Deaths had no firm figures for 1911. One source had no firm figures for 1911 (Harvard). n.b. Book titles are italicized; article titles are placed between quotation marks. 4. Page number unknown. Many web sources have no page numbers. You may omit the page number and just use the author’s name or the title of the article. Researchers have noticed a sharp rise in death by boredom at major golf tournaments (Duffer). Duffer says that golfing head injuries are on the rise (“Golf Woes”). If a web source uses paragraph or screen numbers, use “par.” or “pars.” or “Screen” in parentheses: (Duffer pars. 2-3). 5. Two or more authors. Include the last names in parentheses as they are listed in the text from which you are citing. (Duffer and Curses 45) For more than three authors use “et al.” (Duffer et al 45). 6. A multi-volume work. Give the number of the volume followed by a colon and then the page number. In the second volume of Hegel’s Aesthetics, he discusses the sublime features of the puppet show (2: 350-355). 7. Verse plays and poems. Give the act, scene, and line numbers from the play. Separate these with periods. In King Lear Gloucester cries foul when his eyes are taken out (4.2 148-149). Or if the play’s name is not mentioned, include it in the citation. This is similar to the moment when Gloucester loses his eyes (Lear, 4.2 148-149). When quoting poetry, give the line numbers and show the line breaks. In Cowper’s, The Task, the author says that Milton’s poetry “surpassed/ The struggling efforts Of my boyish tongue/ To speak its excellence” (4. 710-12).

MLA论文格式要求

论文格式要求 1.论文全文采用小四号Times New Roman(12号)字体:论文题目采用小二号 Times New Roman;中文题目采用小2号宋体。一级标题(章标题)采用16号Times New Roman,分别冠以I、II、III、IV、V等序号;二级标题(节标题)14号,分别冠以1.1, 1.2、2.1, 2.2、等序号;三级标题(节以下标题)均采用12号,分别冠以1.1.1、2.1.1等序号。所有标题加黑。 2.论文正文采用段首缩进5个字符,单面打印;2倍行距。正文第一页加论文题目。 3.正文(包括附录和参考文献)页码标注格式为阿拉伯数字1 2 3….页码标注在页面底部居中。论文封面不标注页码。 4.论文采用A4复印纸单面打印。上、下、右边距为25mm;左边距为30mm,其中10mm供装订。 5.论文装订次序为论文封面、论文主体(body),参考文献、附录(若有)。论文页码从正文开始。 示例1:MLA格式参考文献著录及引述格式 第一部分:正文内引述 (In-text Citation: MLA Style) [The formatting generally follows the latest Modern Language Association (MLA) style, including parenthetical references.*Parenthetical documentation means that in the text, only the author’s surname and the page number is given in parentheses following the quotation or any reference to another source. If

学术论文格式字体要求

学术论文格式字体要求 下面是学术论文格式字体要求,欢迎你们阅读,希望对你们有帮助。 一、学术论文格式字体要求 (一)需报送全文,文稿请用word录入排版。字数不超过5000字。 (二)应完整扼要,涉及主要观点的图片、曲线和表格不能缺少,正文要有“结论”部分。如稿件内容不清或文章篇幅超长等原因, 编辑有权删改。 (三)论文结构请按下列顺序排列: 1.大标题(第一行):三黑字体,居中排。 2.姓名(第二行):小三楷字体,居中排。 3.作者单位或通信地址(第三行):按省名、城市名、邮编顺序排列,用小三楷字体。 4.关键词。需列出4个关键词,小三楷字体。第1个关键词应为二级学科名称。学科分类标准执行国家标准;关键词后请列出作者的 中国科协所属全国性学会个人会员的登记号。 5.正文。小四号宋体。文中所用计量单位,一律按国际通用标准或国家标准,并用英文书写,如km2,kg等。文中年代、年月日、数 字一律用阿拉伯数字表示。 二、正文中的各级标题 一级标题三号黑体居中 二级标题四号黑体左空2字,单占行汉字加顿号,如“一、” 三级标题四号仿宋体左空2字,单占行汉字加括号,如“(一)”

四级标题小四号黑体左空2字,单占行阿拉伯数字加下圆点,如“1.” 五级标题小四号宋体左空2字,右空1字,接排正文阿拉伯数字加括号,如“(1)”允许用于无标题段落图、表、注释及参考文献体 例 内容字体字号格式说明: 图题五号宋体排图下,居中,单占行图号按流水排序,如“图1”;“图2” 图注小五号宋体排图题下,居中,接排序号按流水排序,如“1.”;“2.” 表题五号黑体排表上,居中,可在斜杠后接排计量单位,组合单位需加括号如“表2几种发动机的最大功率/kW”“表5几种车辆的 速度/(km/h)”表序号按流水排序,如“表1”、“表2” 表栏头小五号宋体各栏居中,计量单位格式同上 图文/表文小五号宋体表文首行前空1字,段中可用标点,段后 不用标点 6.参考文献。文章必须有参考文献。“参考文献”4字作为标题,字体五黑,居中,其他字体五宋。文献着录格式如下: (1)着作:作者姓名。书名。出版社名,出版年月,页码(如有两个以上作者,作者间用逗号分开) (2)期刊:作者姓名。文章名。期刊名,年份,卷(期)、页码。 7.作者简介。请在参考文献之后附作者简介。“作者简介”请用五黑字体左起顶格排,后空一格,接排。作者简介字体五宋,100 字以内,包括姓名、参加的全国性学会名称、中国科协个人会员登 记号、工作单位、电话、传真、电子信箱等。

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