自考英语2
organizational [`3：g4nai'zei54nl] a.组织（上）的
goal [g4ul] n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门
objective [3b'd9ektiv] n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2.如实的，无偏见的accomplish [4'k8mpli5] vt.完成（任务等）
predict [pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示
accompany [4'k8mp4ni] vt.1.伴随，陪同；2.为……伴奏
implement ['implim4nt] vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等）constraint [k4n'streint] n.1.强制；2.强制因素，制约条件
precedent ['presid4nt] n.先例，前例
simplify ['simplifai] vt.简化
tendency ['tend4nsi] n.趋势，倾向
managerial [`m1n4'd9i4ri4l] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2.管理上的，经营上的maker ['meik4] n.制造者；制造商
achievement [4't5i：vm4nt] n.1.完成，达到；2.成就，成绩
attain [4'tein] vt.达到；完成
optimal ['3ptim4l] a.最适宜的；最理想的
suboptimization n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现）trade-off ['treid 3f] n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2.物物交换
argue ['2：gju：] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2.用辩论证明
budget ['b8d9it] n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算；2.安排，预定
scheme [ski：m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划
define [di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2.限定，规定
multiple ['m8ltipl] a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数
profitability [`pr3fit4'biliti] n.赚钱，获利
correctness [k4'rektnis] n.正确，正确性
unintended ['8nin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的
ongoing ['3n'g4ui6] a.进行中的，前进的
entity ['entiti] n.1.存在，实体；2.统一性
skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的
in the way 挡路；碍事
make a guess at 猜测
and the like 等等，诸如此类
seek to 追求，争取
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
point of view 观点
interview ['int4vju：] vt./n.1.面谈，采访；2.面试，口试
criticism ['kritisiz4m] n.批评；评论
candidate ['k1ndideit] n.1.候选人，候补者；2.应试者
vague [veig] a.含糊的；不明确的
notion ['n4u54n] 1. 概念；2.想法，看法
prospect ['pr3spekt] n.1.展望，景象；2.[常pl.]前景，前程
community [k4'mju：niti] n.社区；共同体
unattractive [`8n4'tr1ktiv] a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的
indifference [in'difr4ns] n.冷漠；不感兴趣（to）
interviewer ['int4vju：4] n.接见者；面谈者
personality [`p4：s4'n1liti] n.个性；人格；品格
prospective [pr4s'pektiv] a.预期的；未来的
speechless ['spi：t5lis] a.1.不会说话的；2.不说话的
clarification [`kl1rifi'kei54n] n.澄清，阐明
correspondence [`k3ris'p3nd4ns] n.1.符合，一致；2.通信
photocopy ['f4ut4u`k3pi] vt./n.1.复印，影印；2.照相复制本
resume ['rezju：mei]] n.1.摘要，梗概；2.个人简历
inefficiency [`ini'fi54nsi] n.无效；效能差
neat [ni：t] a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的
conservative [k4n's4：v4tiv] a.1.保存的，防腐的；2.保守的，守旧的punk [p86k] n.1.（俚）阿飞；2.朋克（70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派）；a.颓废派的
miniskirt ['minisk4：t] n.超短裙
panel ['p1nl] n.专门小组
intimidate [in'timideit] vt.恐吓，恫吓
clutch [kl8t5] vt./vi.抓住，握紧
grip [grip] vt./n.1.紧握，紧夹；2.掌握，控制
painful ['peinful] a.1.痛苦的；2.费力的
rephrase ['ri'freiz] vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示
apply for 申请
day to day （=day-to-day）work 日常工作
take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力
put oneself in somebody's place 设身处地
to one's advantage 对某人有利
ask for 1.请求，向……要；2.寻找
in hand 手头上有
make sure 1.查明，弄确实；2.确信
at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
turn down 1.拒绝；2.调小或调低；3.翻下
astronomer [4s'tr3n4m4] n.天文学家
escape [is'keip] vi./vt.逃跑；避免；n.1.逃跑；2.逃路，出口
exert vt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）explode [iks'pl4ud] vt.使爆炸；vi.爆炸；突发
density ['densiti] n.1.密集度，稠密度；2.[物][化]密度
collapse [k4'l1ps] vt./vi./n（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解
supernova [`sju：p4'n4uv4] n.[天]超新星
daytime ['deitaim] n.白天，日间
dwarf [dw3：f] n.1.矮子；2.[天]矮星（= ～star，如太阳）
shrink [5ri6k] vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；vi./n.退缩，畏缩
gravity ['gr1viti] n.1.严肃，认真；2.严重性，重要性；3.[物]重力，地球引力marble n.1. （游戏用的玻璃、石头等做的）弹子；2.大理石；a.大理石的，大理石般的boundary ['baund4ri] n.分界线，边界
observer [4b'z4：v4] n.1.遵守者，奉行者；2.观察者，监视者
interchangeable [`int4（：）'t5eind94bl] a.可交换的；可互换的constant ['k3nst4nt] a.1.永恒的，经久不变的；2.经常的，不断的；n.[数] 常数measurement ['me94m4nt] n.衡量，测量
implication [`impli'kei54n] n.1.含意，暗示；2.牵连，涉及，卷入
basis ['beisis] n.1.基础，根据；2.主要成份；3.军事基地
launch vt.1.发射，投射；2.使（船）下水；3.发动，发起（运动等）；n.发射，（船）下水galaxy ['g1l4k4si] n.1.[天]星系，[G-]银河系，银河；2.一群出色（或着名）的人物observatory [4b'z4：v4t4ri] n.1.天文台；2.了望台
convincing [k4n'vinsi6] a.有说服力的，使人信服的
binary ['bain4ri] a.1.二，双，复；2.[数]二进制的；n.1.二，双（体），复（体）；
twin [twin] a.1.双胞胎的；2.两个相似部分组成的；n.1.双胞胎之一，[pl.] 双胞胎；2.两个相象的人或物；3.[Twins][天]双子座
companion [k4m'p1nj4n] n.1.同伴，同事；2.[天]伴星
speculation [`spekju'lei54n] n.1.推测，猜测；2.投机
swallow ['sw3l4u] vt.吞咽
mankind [`m1n'kaind] n.人类
operate ['3p4reit] vi.1.运转，起作用；2.动手术（on，upon）；vt.1.操作，操纵，经营；2.对……动手术
research into 研究
speculation about 关于……猜测
swallow up 吞没，耗尽
make use of 利用
planet ['pl1nit] n.行星
revolve [ri'v3lv] vi.旋转；绕转
solar ['s4ul4] a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的
largely ['l2：d9li] ad.1.大量地；2.主要地
glitter ['glit4] vi.闪闪发光，闪烁；n.闪光
cloudless ['klaudlis] a.无云的，晴朗的
astronaut ['1str4n3：t] n.宇航员
thrilling ['7rili6] a.1.令人激动的；2.颤动的，震颤的
outer ['aut4] a.外部的
whereas [hwA4r'1z] conj.而，却；反之
lesser ['les4] a.较小的；更少的；次要的
concerned [k4n's4：nd] a.1.有关的；2.关切的，担心的
microscopic [`maikr4s'k3pik] 1.显微镜的；2.微观的；3.微小的，细微的whilst [hwailst] conj.1.当……时；2.然而；3.虽然，尽管
plateau ['pl1t4u] n.高原
tropical ['tr3pik4l] a.1.热带的；2.炎热的
coloured ['k8l4d] a.有色的
religion [ri'lid94n] n.宗教；宗教信仰
circumstance ['s4：k4mst4ns] n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇
a great many 很多
above all 首先，首要
as a rule 通常；一般说来
euthanasia [ju：74'neizj4] n.1.无痛楚的死亡；2.安乐死
weaken ['wi：k4n] vt.削弱，减弱；vi.变弱
Dutchman ['d8t5m4n] n.荷兰人
deteriorate [di'ti4ri4reit] vt./vi.（使）恶化
lethal ['li：74l] a.致死的
injection [in'd9ek54n] n.1.注射；2.注射剂，针剂
nationwide ['nei54n'waid] a.全国性；ad.在全国范围内
debate [di'beit] vt./n.争论，辩论；vi.对……进行争论，辩论（about，on）legal ['li：g4l] a.1.法律上的；2.合法的
Dutch [d8t5] a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的；n.1.[the Dutch][总称]荷兰人；2.荷兰语parliament ['p2：l4m4nt] n.1.议会，国会；2.[P-]（英国或加拿大等的）议会，国会prosecute ['pr3sikju：t] vt.对……起诉，告发
request [ri'kwest] vt./n.请求，要求
criterion [krai'ti4ri4n] n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则
crowd [kraud] n.群，人群；vi.聚集，群集
ensure [in'5u4] vt.保证，担保
healthcare ['hel7`kA4] n.保健
oppose [4'p4uz] vt.1.反对，反抗；2.使相对，使对抗（to）
tradition [tr4'di54n] n.传统；惯例
hospice ['h3spis] n.（晚期病人）收容所
council ['kauns4l] n.理事会，委员会
founder ['faund4] n.创始者；缔造者
consideration [k4n`sid4'rei54n] n.1.考虑；2.体谅，照顾
elderly ['eld4li] a.较老的，人过中年的；n.近老年人，到了晚年的人
disabled [dis'eibld] a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的
burden ['b4：dn] n.1.担子，负担；2.责任，义务；vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累opt [3pt] vi.抉择，选择（for），在……之间选择（between）
shorten ['53：t4n] vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少
vulnerable a.1.易受伤的，弱小的；2.易受……攻击的，易受……伤害的（to）
prohibition [`pr4uhi'bi54n] n.禁止；禁令
individual [`indi'vidju4l] n.个人，个体，独立单位；a.1.个人的；2.个别的paternalistic [p4`t4：n4'listik] a.家长式统治的；家长作风的
moving ['mu：vi6] a.1.活动的，移动的；2.动人的，令人感动的
sensitive ['sensitiv] a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的
be affected with 患有……疾病
debate on 关于……进行辩论
make request for 要求……
be opposed to 反对
open up 1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话
take……into account考虑到
need for 对……的需要
opt out of 决定不参加……，决定（从……）中退出
have……at heart对某事十分关心
conspiracy [k4n'spir4si] n.1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派old-boy ['4uld b3i] n.1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄
network ['netw4：k] 1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络
escalator ['esk4leit4] n.自动扶梯
privilege ['privilid9] n.特权；vt.给予……特权
profession [pr4'fe54n] n. （尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）职业
graduate ['gr1djueit] vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业；vt.[主美]准予……毕业；a.1.毕业的；2.研究生的；n.大学毕业生，[美]毕业生
unfair [8n'fA4] a.不公平的，不公正的
employment [im'pl3im4nt] n.1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作
publish ['p8bli5] vt.1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表
senior ['si：nj4] a.1.年长的，年纪较大的；2.地位较高的，资历较深的；3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的；n.1.年长者；2.资历深者，上级
appoint [4'p3int] vt.1.任命，委任（as）；2.私营的，私立的；3.秘密的，私下的headmaster ['hed'm2：st4] n.（中学或小学的）校长
leading ['li：di6] a.1.领导的，指引的；2.最重要的，主要的
bias ['bai4s] n.偏见；v.[常用被动语态]有偏见（常与against，towards连用）entry ['entri] n.1.进入，入场（权），入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，账目merit ['merit] n.1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳
fiercely ['fi4sli] ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地
competitive [k4m'petitiv] a.竞争的；比赛的
entrance ['entr4ns] n.1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学
additional [4'di54nl] a.附加的，追加的；另外的
abolish [4'b3li5] vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消
applicant ['1plik4nt] n.申请人，请求者
performance [p4'f3：m4ns] n.1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏accessible [1k'ses4bl] a.1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to）；3可理解的（to）elite [ei'li：t] n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物；a.杰出的，精英的
academic a.1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的
excellence ['eks4l4ns] n.优秀，杰出
recruit vt./vi.1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员equivalent [i'kwiv4l4nt] a.1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价（物），等量（物）；2.对应词（或对应语）
ivy ['aivi] n.常青藤
replicate ['replikeit] vt.重复；复制
elitist n.1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者；adj.1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的remedial [ri'mi：dj4l] a.1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的
prime [praim] a.1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的vision ['vi94n] n.1.想象力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光
classless [kl2：slis] a.1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的
amount to 1.达到总计；2.相当于，等于
on average 平均
blame……for为……责备某人
by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言
be worth doing 值得做……
slavery ['sleiv4ri] n.1.奴隶制度，奴役；2.奴隶身份
domestic [d4'mestik] adj.1.家庭的，家务的；2.国内的，本国的；n.家仆，佣人Briton ['brit4n] n.大不列颠人；英国人
statistics [st4'tistiks] n.1.统计数字，统计资料；2.[用作单]统计学
diplomat ['dipl4m1t] a.外交家；外交官
abroad [4'br3：d] ad.到国外；在国外
exploit [iks'pl3it] vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削
abuse [4'bju：z] vt./n.1.滥用，妄用；2.虐待，凌辱
campaign [k1m'pein] n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动sexually ['seksju4li] ad.在性方面
passport ['p2：sp3：t] n.护照
Filipino [`fili'pi：n4u] n.1.菲律宾人；2菲律宾语；a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的maid [meid] n.1.少女；2.侍女，女仆
execute ['eksikju：t] vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2.将……处死
convict [k4n'vikt，'k3nvikt] vt.1.证明……有罪（of）；2.宣判；n.罪犯despite [dis'pait] prep.尽管，任凭
guilt [gilt] n.1.有罪；2.内疚
deserving [di'z4：vi6] a.应得的，值得的（of）
Saudi n.沙特阿拉伯人；a.沙特阿拉伯的，沙特阿拉伯人的，沙特阿拉伯语的
breadwinner ['bred`win4] n.养家糊口的人
shelf [5elf] n.（壁橱，书橱内）搁板；架子
minimum ['minim4m] n.最小量；最低限度；a.最小的；最低的；最少的employee [`empl3i'i：] n.雇员，雇工
leaflet ['li：flit] n.1.小叶，嫩叶；2.传单，活页
incidence ['insid4ns] n.1.影响程度，影响范围；2. 发生率
immigrant ['imigr4nt] a.（从国外）移民的，侨民的；n.移民，侨民
status ['steit4s] n.1.情形，状况；2.地位，身份
kingdom ['ki6d4m] n.1.王国；2.领域
concession [k4n'se54n] n.1.让步；2.特许权；3.租界，租界地
immigration [`imi'grei54n] n.移居；外来的移民
foreigner ['f3rin4] n.外国人
deport [di'p3：t] vt.驱逐出境
bring over 把……带来；使转变
convict……of证明……有罪，宣判……有罪
be deserving of 值得；应得
be supposed to 应该
gang [g16] n.1.一队，一族；2.（囚犯，歹徒等）一群，一帮
eyewitness [ai'witnis] n.目击者；见证人
unison ['ju：nizn] n.一致；协调
interstate [`int4（：）'steit] a.[主美]州际的
BBC 英国广播公司
correspondent [`k3ris'p3nd4nt] n.1.对应物；2.新闻通讯员，记者，通信者shackle ['51kl] n.1.[常pl.]镣铐；2.[pl.]束缚，枷锁
ditch [dit5] n.沟，沟渠；vt./vi.开渠；筑渠
weed [wi：d] n.1.杂草，野草；2.水生植物；vt.除草，拔草
deny [di'nai] vt.1.否定，否认；2.拒绝接受，拒绝给予
re-introduction [ri`intr4'd8k54n] n.重新采用，重新引入
gap [g1p] n.裂口，裂缝
toilet ['t3ilit] n.盥洗室；厕所
circus ['s4：k4s] n.1.马戏团，杂技团；2.马戏场，杂技场
degrade [di'greid] vt.1.降级，贬低；2.堕落；3.退化
plantation [pl1n'tei54n] n.1.种植园，大农场；2.植树造林
spokesman ['sp4uksm4n] n.发言人；代言人
racist ['reisist] n.种族主义者；a.种族主义的；种族歧视的
racial ['rei54l] a.种族的
inhumane [`inhju（：）'mein] a.不人道的，残忍的
ineffective [`ini'fektiv] a.无效的，不起作用的
civil ['sivl] n.1.国民的，民用的；2.国内的，民间的
union ['ju：nj4n] n.1.工会，协会；2.结合，联合
liberty ['lib4ti] n.1.自由，自由权；2.冒昧，失礼；3.[常pl.]特许权，特权punishment ['p8ni5m4nt] n.1.处罚，罚，刑罚；2.折磨，损害
disaffection [`dis4'fek54n] n.不满
argument ['2：gjum4nt] n.1.争论，辩论；2.论据，理由
watch over 看守，照管，监视
in unison 完全一致地
call up 1.打电话；2.使想起，使忆起
blues n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯（源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调）；2.慢四步舞rock'n'roll [`r3kn'r4ul] n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞
folk [f4uk] n.1.人们；2.[口]家属，亲属；a.民间的
musician [mju（：）'zi54n] n.音乐家；作曲家
transformation [`tr1nsf4'mei54n] n.1.变化，转化；2.改造，改革rhythmic ['ri0mik] a.有韵律的；有节奏的
musically ['mju：zik4li] ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地
distinct [dis'ti6kt] a.1.与其他不同的，独特的；2.明显的
consciousness ['k3n54snis] n.意识，知觉；觉悟
youthful ['ju：7ful] a.1.年轻的；2.朝气蓬勃的
anti-war ['1nti'w3：] a.反战的
sentiment ['sentim4nt] n.1.感情，情绪；2.感伤
spontaneous [sp3n'teinj4s] a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的；2.出自自然的originate [4'rid9ineit] vi./vt.发源；发生，发起
imitator ['imiteit4] n.模仿者
Negro ['ni：gr4u] n.黑人；a.黑人的
eclecticism [ek'lektisiz4m] n.折衷主义
synthesis ['sin7isis] n.结合，合成
jazz [d91z] n.爵士乐
readily ['redili] ad.1.乐意地；2.很快地，容易地
limitless ['limitlis] a.无限制的，无限的
instrument ['instrum4nt] n.1.仪器；2.乐器
electronic [ilek'tr3nik] a.电子的
amplifier ['1mplifai4] n.放大器
guitar [gi't2：] n.六弦琴，吉他
electronics [ilek'tr3niks] [复]n.[用作单]电子学
studio n.1.（艺术家的）工作室；2.（无线电，电视）播音室，演播室；3.电影制片厂penetrating ['pen4treiti6] a.1.穿透的，贯穿的；2.深刻的，透彻的
thereby ['0A4bai] ad.由此，从而
passive ['p1siv] a.1.被动的；2.消极的
participant [p2：'tisip4nt] n.参加者；a.参与的
multimedia [`m8lti'mi：dj4] a.1.多种手段的；2.多媒体的；同时使用形、光、声效果的；n.多媒体，多媒体的使用
ballroom ['b3：l'rum] n.舞厅
lighting ['laiti6] n.照明，照明设备
take place 发生
take over 1.接管，接任；2.把……从一处运到另一处
take on 1.具有；2.担任（工作等）；3.雇佣
composer [k4m'p4uz4] n.作曲家
inspire [in'spai4] vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感
fruitful ['fru：tful] a.有成果的，有收获的
output ['autput] n.1.产量；2.输出
theme [7i：m] n.1.题目，主题；2.主旋律
invariably [in'vA4ri4bli] ad.不变地
improvise ['impr4vaiz] vt.1.即兴创作；2.临时准备，临时凑成
symphony ['simf4ni] n.1.交响曲，交响乐；2.交响乐队，交响音乐会
handle ['h1ndl] n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵3.经营，管理constructive [k4n'str8ktiv] a.建设的，建设性的
creative [kri（：）'eitiv] a.创造性的
notebook ['n4utbuk] n.笔记本
preliminary [pri'limin4ri] a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛
painstaking ['peinz`teiki6] a.苦干的；费力的
traditionalist [tr4'di54n4list] n.传统主义者；因循守旧者
thematic [7i'm1tik] a.1.题目的，主题的；2.主旋律的
conception [k4n'sep54n] n.概念，观念
well-established ['wel is't1bli5t] a.1.固定下来的；2.得到确认的
temper ['temp4] vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼；2.调合
well（-）tempered ['wel'temp4d] 1.脾气好的；2.（键盘乐器）调到平均律的clavichord ['kl1vik3：d] n.[音]击弦古钢琴
mold [m4uld] n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸
sake [seik] n.缘故
completeness [k4m'pli：tnis] n.1.完整，圆满；2.完成，结束
summarize ['s8m4raiz] vt./vi.概述，总结
diversified [dai'v4：sifaid] a.多样化的
conventional [k4n'ven54nl] a.1.惯例的，常规的；2.（艺术等）因袭的experimental [eks`peri'mentl] a.实验的；经验的
harmony ['h2：m4ni] n.1.协调，和谐；2.融洽，一致
sonority [s4'n3riti] n.响亮，洪亮
evident ['evid4nt] a.明显的，明白的
in other words 换句话说
in a sense 在某种意义上
at a stretch 连续不断地
serve as 适合
belong in 应归入（类别、范畴等）
in advance 1.在前面；2.预先
It goes without saying 不言而喻，理所当然
for the sake of 为了……之好处；为了……的目的
efficiency [i'fi54nsi] n.1.效率；2.功效，效能，实力
robotics [r4u'b3tiks] n.[用作单]机器人学，机器人技术
robot ['r4ub4t] n.机器人；自动控制装置
increasingly [in'kri：si6li] ad.不断增加地
prevalent ['prev4l4nt] a.流行的，普通的
automotive [`3：t4'm4utiv] a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的
weld [weld] vt./n.焊接
spray n.1.浪花，水花；2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散cast [k2：st] vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射（光、影，视线等）（on，at）；
3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员（阵容）
frame [freim] n.构架，框架
install [in'st3：l] vt.安装
appliance [4'plai4ns] n.1.应用，适用；2.用具，器械
calculator ['k1lkjuleit4] n.1.计算者；2.计算器
radioactive [`reidi4u'1ktiv] a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的
personnel [p4：s4'nel] n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门）expose [iks'p4uz] vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发
radiation [`reidi'ei54n] n.1.放射，发光；2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能
reduction [ri'd8k54n] n.1.减少，减小；2.降级，降职；3.归纳，归并
automatic [`3：t4'm1tik] a.1.自动的；2.无意识的，机械的
reprogramme ['ri：'pr4ugr1m] v.再次（重新）设定程序
completion [k4m'pli：54n] n.完成，结束；完满
specific [spi'sifik] a.1.特有的，特定的；2.具体的，明确的
switch [swit5] n.1.开关，转换器；2.（思路、话题等的）转换；vt.1.转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2.接通……电流（on），切断……电流（off）；vi.转换，变换critical ['kritik4l] a.1.批评（性）的，批判（性）的；2.对……表示谴责的，对……感到不满的（of）；3.紧要的，关键性的，危急的
digital ['did9itl] a.1.手指的，指状的；2.数字的，计数的
camera ['k1m4r4] n.照相机，摄影机
light-sensitive ['lait'sensitiv] a.光敏的
intensity [in'tensiti] n.强烈，剧烈
grayscale 灰度（使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调）brightness ['braitnis] n.1.明亮，晴朗；2.聪敏，机灵
scale [skeil] n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例（尺）；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤shade [5eid] n.1.荫，阴影；2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光
calculation [`k1lkju'lei54n] n.1.计算，计算结果；2.仔细考虑
defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的；有缺陷的
assemble [4'sembl] vt.1.集合；2.装配；vi.集合
attendant [4'tend4nt] n.1.侍者，服务员；2.出席者
fireman ['fai4m4n] n.消防队员
housekeeper ['haus`ki：p4] n.管理家务的主妇；女管家
expose to 暴露；面临；曝露
in that 在于，原因是
in between 在中间；每间隔；在……期间
in question 正被谈论的
plenty of 大量的；丰富的
earthquake ['4：7kweik] n.地震
warning ['w3：ni6] n.警告；警报；a.警告的
forecast ['f3：k2：st] vt.1.预测，预报；2.预示
giant ['d9ai4nt] n.1.巨大；2.巨物，巨大的动物；a.巨大的
shift [5ift] vt./vi.1.替换；转移；2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移；2.轮班
fault [f3：lt] n.1.缺点，毛病；2.错误，过失；3.[地]断层
seismic ['saizmik] a.地震的
precede [pri（：）'si：d] vt.先于……，比……优先；vi.在前面，居前，领先radon ['reid3n] n.氡
decay [di'kei] vi.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败；3.[原]衰变；vt.使腐朽，使腐烂；n.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败
radium ['reidj4m] n.镭
underground a.1.地下的；2.秘密的，隐蔽的；ad.1.在地下；2.秘密地，隐蔽地speculate vi.思索；推测（on/upon，about）；vt.1.投机；2.思索，推测
subside [s4b'said] vi.1.沉淀；2.沉降，下沉；3.平静下来，平息，减退
datum ['deit4m] 1.资料，材料，2.数据
reliability [ri`lai4'biliti] n.可靠性
partial ['p2：54l] a.1.偏袒的，偏心的，对……偏袒（to）；2.部分的，不完全的up-to-date ['8p tu：deit] a.1.最新的，现代化的；2.直至目前的
analyze ['1n4laiz] vt.分析
eastern ['i：st4n] a.1.东方的，东部的；2.向东方的，来自东方的
work on 1.从事……；2.对……有影响
set up 1.设立，建立；2.建立，提出
on the alert 警戒，处于戒备状态
leadership ['li：d45ip] n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员
research [ri's4：t5] n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究
attach vt.（to）1.固定住，系；2.附加，隶属；3.把（重点等）放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋possession [p4'ze54n] n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产
satisfaction [`s1tis'f1k54n] n.满意，满足
relaxation [`ri：l1k'sei54n] n.1.松弛，放松；2.缓和，减轻；3.休养
desirable [di'zai4r4bl] a.称心的，合意的，理想的
occupation [`3kju'pei54n] n.1.占领；2.占有；3.职业
portray [p3：'trei] vt.描绘；描写；描述
urban ['4：b4n] a.城市的，都市的
stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的；压力重的
loom [lu：m] vi.隐隐呈现；逼近
renewal [ri'nju（：）4l] n.1.更新；2重新开始
underlie [`8nd4'lai] vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础
acquire [4'kwai4] vt.获得，得到
recognition [`rek4g'ni54n] n.1.认出；2.承认，公认
impart [im'p2：t] vt.把……分给；给予（to）
positive ['p3z4tiv] a.1.明确的，确实的；2.积极的，肯定的；3.正的，阳性的motivate ['m4utiveit] vt.作为……的动机，激发
relevant ['reliv4nt] a.1.贴切的，中肯的；2.与……有关的（to）
communicator [k4'mju：nikeit4] n.传播者，传播工作者
participation [p2：tisi'pei54n] n.参加，参与
attainment [4'teinm4nt] n.1.达到，到达；2.[常pl.]成就，造诣
be concerned with 1.关于，涉及；2.忙于……；3.关心，关切
attach importance to 认为……很重要
take to 1.开始从事；2.养成……的习惯3.培养对……的爱好
put……to use使用；利用
be relevant to 与……有关
on the part of 就……而言
set……as object ive 把……作为目标
elusive [i'lju：siv] a.1.躲避的；2.难以捉摸的，难以理解的
tricky ['triki] a.1.狡猾的，耍花招的；2.难以处理的
slip [slip] vi.1.滑动，滑过；2.溜，溜走；vt.使滑动；使滑过
quicksand ['kwiks1nd] n.流沙
oversupply ['4uv4s4'plai] vt./n.过多供应
wayside ['weisaid] n.路边；a.路边的
flexible ['fleksibl] a.1.柔韧的，柔顺的；2.可变通的，灵活的
readjustment ['ri：4'd98stm4nt] n.再整理，再调整
project n.1.设计，规划；2.项目；vt.1.方案，计划；2.投射，映射3.使突出
appointment [4'p3intm4nt] n.1.任命；2.约会
weekly ['wi：kli] a.每周的；一周一次的；ad.每周；每周一次；n.周刊，周报adjustment [4'd98stm4nt] n.调整
realistic a.1.现实的，实际的；2.逼真的；3.现实主义的，现实主义者的underestimate ['8nd4'estimeit] vt.低估；看轻
overestimate ['4uv4'estimeit] vt.过高估计；过高评价
emergency [i'm4：d94nsi] n.紧急情况；突发事件
routine [ru：'ti：n] n.日常工作；例行手续，常规；a.日常的；例行的；常规的crash [kr15] a.紧急的，速成的
inflexible [in'fleks4bl] a.1.不可弯曲的，僵硬的；2.不可改变的，固执的adjust [4'd98st] vt.1.调整，调节；2.校准
deem [di：m] vt.认为，相信
assignment [4'sainm4nt] n.1.分配，委派；2.任务，（课外）作业
freshman ['fre5m4n] n.1新手，生手；2.大学一年级学生
kid [kid] vt./vi./n.1.戏弄，开玩笑；2.欺骗，哄骗
faithfully ['fei7fuli] 忠诚地；如实地
temptation [temp'tei54n] n.引诱，诱惑
look ahead to 向前看；展望未来
allocate……for分配给……；配给
fall by the wayside 半途而废，中途退出
hang up 1.把……挂起来；2.挂断（电话）；3.延迟，拖延
throw off 扔掉；摆脱
work out 做出；制定出
up to date 1.最新的，新式的；2.切合目前情况的（on）
kid……into doing欺骗……去做……
stick with 坚持；继续
jet [d9et] n.1.喷射；2.喷嘴；3.喷气式飞机，喷气式发动机lag [l1g] vi.走得慢，落后；n.落后，滞后
flight [flait] n.1.飞行，飞翔；2.航班，班机；3.逃跑，溃退
physiological [`fizi4'l3d9ikl] a.生理的，生理学的
regulatory ['regjul4t4ri] a.1.规章的；2.调节的
mechanism ['mek4niz4m] n.1.[机]机构，机制；2.（自然现象等）作用过程hormonal [h3：'m4unl] a.荷尔蒙的，激素的
secretary ['sekr4tri] n.1.秘书；2.书记；3.（英，美等国的）部长，大臣negotiation [ni`g4u5i'ei54n] n.谈判，协商
proceeding [pr4'si：di6] n.1.程序，进程；2.[pl.]项目，活动，会议文集instantaneously [`inst4n'teinj4sli] ad.瞬间地；即刻地
transport [tr1ns'p3：t，'tr1nsp3：t] vt.运输；n.运输
overcome [`4uv4'k8m] vt.战胜；克服
regulate ['regjuleit] vt./n.1.管理；2.调节
timing ['taimi6] n.1.时间的选择；2.计时，定时
periodicity [`pi4ri4'disiti] n.周期性，间发性
internal [in't4：nl] a.1.内部的，内在的；2.国内的
suprachiasmatic ['sju：pr4kai4z'm1tik] a.超（染色体）交叉的
rhythm ['ri04m] n.1.韵律，格律；2.节奏
timer ['taim4] n.计时员，定时器
external [eks't4：nl] a.外在的，在外的
alarm [4'l2：m] n.1.警报；2.惊恐；vt.1.向……报警，使警觉；2.使……惊恐，打扰reset [ri：'set] vt./n.重新安排，重调
palm [p2：m] n.手掌
sweat [swet] n.汗；vi.出汗；vt.使出汗
discrepancy [dis'krep4nsi] n.差异；不一致
bodily ['b3dili] a.身体的，肉体的
cortisol ['k3：tis3l] n.[生]皮质（甾）醇
excretion [eks'kri：54n] n.排泄；分泌
destination [`desti'nei54n] n.目的地，终点
feasible ['fi：z4bl] a.可行的，可能的
pharmacological [`f2：m4k4'l3d9ik4l] a.药物学的，药理学的
assumption [4's8mp54n] n.1.假定，设想；2.承担，采取
mid-afternoon ['mid`2：ft4'nu：n] a.下午三点左右的
neutral ['nju：tr4l] a.1.中立的；2.中性的
wakefulness ['weikfulnis] n.觉醒，不眠
promote [pr4'm4ut] vt.1.促进，发扬；2.提升，升级；3.发起，创办
synchronize ['si6kr4naiz] vi.同时发生，同步；vt.使在时间上一致；使同步effect on 对……的作用
blame……on把……归咎于
to advantage 有利地，有效地
as fresh as paint 精神饱满
now that （连词）既然，由于
leave……alone 1.不管，不理；2.听其自然
out of step 步伐不一致；不协调
in time 1.及时；2.终于
span [sp1n] n.1.指距，一柞宽；2.跨距；3.一段时间
fluctuate ['fl8ktjueit] vi.1.波动，起伏；2.动摇，不定；vt.使波动，使起伏fluctuation [`fl8ktju'ei54n] n.波动，起伏
tick [tik] n.（钟表的）滴答声；vi.（钟表的）滴答响
fade vi.1.凋谢，枯萎；2.（颜色）褪去；3.（声音等）衰弱下去；vt.使褪色
illusion [i'lju：94n] n.错觉；幻觉
duration [dju4'rei54n] n.持续；持续时间
infrequent [in'fri：kw4nt] a.很少发生的
illustration [`il4s'trei54n] n.1.说明；2.例证，插图
moderate ['m3d4rit] a.1.中等的，适度的；2.温和的，有节制的
distraction [dis'tr1k54n] n.1.精神涣散，精神不集中；2.消遣，娱乐
distractor [dis'tr1kt4] n.分散注意力的东西
focal ['f4uk4l] a.焦点的；vt.1.治疗；2.补救（法）；vt.1.治疗；2.补救，纠正fearful ['fi4ful] a.1.可怕的，吓人的；2.害怕的，胆怯的
productivity [`pr3d8k'tiviti] n.1.生产率；2.丰饶，多产
finance [fai'n1ns] n.1.财政，金融；2.经费，资金
distract [dis'tr1kt] vt.分散（注意，心思等）；使人分心
adversely ['1dv4：sli] ad.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地
appreciate [4'pri：5ieit] vt.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价，鉴别；3.感激，感谢contrary ['k3ntr4ri] a.相反的，相对的，与……相反（to）
mislead [mis'li：d] vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错
motivation [`m4uti'vei54n] n.动机；动力
inefficient [`ini'fi54nt] a.无效的；效率低的
exceptional [ik'sep54nl] a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的
hinder ['hind4，'haind4] vt.阻止；妨碍
typical ['tipik4l] a.典型的，代表性的
to date 到目前为止
attend to 专心；注意；照顾
make the grade 取得成功，达到理想标准
fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃
be true of 符合于……，对……适用
classify ['kl1sifai] vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级；2.把……列为（as）
aged [eid9id] a.年老的，老的
northwestern ['n3：7'west4n] a.1.在西北的，向西北的；2.来自西北的approximate a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近（to）paradox ['p1r4d3ks] 1.似非而可能是的论点；2.自相矛盾的话
proportion [pr4'p3：54n] n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称
dependency [di'pend4nsi] n.从属；依赖（on）
advantageous [`1dv4n'teid94s] a.有利的，有助的
liability n.1.责任，义务；2.[pl.]债务，负债；3.不利条件，妨碍的人（或物）inactive [in'1ktiv] a.不活动的；不活跃的
appreciation [4`pri：5i'ei54n] n.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价；3.感激，感谢salient ['seilj4nt] a.1.突出的，凸起的；2.显着的
resettlement [ri：'setlm4nt] n.重新定居，重新安置
acknowledge [4k'n3lid9] vt.1.承认；2.表示感谢
fore [f3：] ad.在前面；a.1.先时的，先前的；2.在前部的；n.前部
gathering ['g104ri6] n.1.聚集；2.集会
birthrate ['b4：7reit] n.出生率
elsewhere ['els'wA4] ad.在别处；向别处
demography [di'm3gr4fi] n.人口统计学
alter ['3：lt4] vt./vi.改变，改动
experiential [iks`pi4ri'en54l] a.经验的；凭经验的
continued [k4n'tinju（：）d] a.继续的，连续的
lengthen ['le674n] vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸
wealthy ['wel7i] a.富裕的；丰富的
neglect [ni'glekt] vt.1.忽视，忽略；2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽
expectation [`ekspek'tei54n] n.1.期待；2.估计寿命
slippery ['slip4ri] a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的
demographer [di'm3gr4f4] n.人口学家
upwards ['8pw4dz] ad.向上；趋向上升
approximate to 与……接近
to the fore 1.在前面，到前面；2.在显着地位
resistance to 对……的阻力
esteem [is'ti：m] vt./n.尊敬，尊重
cope [k4up] vi.对付，妥善处理（with）
parenting ['pA4r4nti6] n.父母对孩子的养育
tone [t4un] n.1.音调，音色；2.腔调，语气；3.[语]声调，语调
infant ['inf4nt] n.婴儿，幼儿；a.婴儿的，幼儿的
lovable ['l8v4bl] a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的
manageable ['m1nid94bl] a.易管理的
unlovable [8n'l8v4bl] a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的
worthless ['w4：7lis] a.1.无价值的，无用的；2.不足道的，不可取的
ultimately ['8ltim4tli] ad.最后，最终地
self-defeating [`selfdi'fi：ti6] a.1.自我挫败的；2.有违被衰的
crisis ['kraisis] n.1危机；2.决定性时刻
withdraw vt.1.收回，提取；2.撤退，撤销；vi.1.撤退，退出；2.退缩，逃避现实inconsiderate [`ink4n'sid4rit] a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人
outcome ['autk8m] n.1.结果，结局；2.出路，出口
reinforcement [`ri：in'f3：sm4nt] n.增强，加固；强化
tangible ['t1nd94bl] a.1.可触摸的，可感知的；2.确实的，真实的
attribute [4'tribju：t] n.1.属性，特征；2.[语]定语；vt.把……归因于（to）fold [f4uld] vt./vi.折叠；对折；n.褶（痕）
appropriate [4'pr4upri4t] a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的
cope with 对付；处理
no other……than 1.除……外没有，只有；2.正是，就是
take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……便宜
act out 1.将……表演出来；2.（用行动）表示出来
election [i'lek54n] n.选举；选举权
presidential [`prezi'den54l] a.总统（或校长）的；总统（或校长等）职务的winner ['win4] n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者
republican a.1.共和国的；2.（美国）共和党的；n.1.共和主义者；2.[R-]共和党党员democratic [dem4'kr1tik] a.民主的，民主主义的
nominee [`n3mi'ni：] n.被提名者；被任命者
vote [v4ut] n.1.选举，投票；2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举
certainty ['s4：t4nti] n.一定；必定
nomination [`n3mi'nei54n] n.提名；任命
loyalty ['l3i4lti] n.忠诚；忠心
decline [di'klain] vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落
democrat ['dem4kr1t] n.1.民主主义者，民主人士；2.[D-]民主党党员
voter ['v4ut4] n.选举人，投票人
strategically [str4'ti：d9ik4l] ad.战略上地，颇具策略地
pursue [p4'sju：] vt.1.追赶；2.追求，寻求；3.进行，从事
impact ['imp1kt，im'p1kt] n.1.冲击，碰拦；2.效果，影响；vt.装紧，压紧headquarters [复]n.1.司令部，指挥部；2.（机构，企业）总部，总店
economy [i（：）'k3n4mi] n.1.经济；2.节约
strategist ['str1tid9ist] n.战略家
rating ['reiti6] n.1.等级，规格；2.评定结果，（电视）收视率
poll n.1.选举，投票；2.民意测验；1.得到选票；2.对……进行民事测验；vi.投票stir [st4：] vt.1.搅拌，搅动；2.激起，打动；vi.微动；活动；n.惊动；轰动strategy ['str1tid9i] n.战略；策略
constitutional [`k3nsti'tju：54nl] a.1.宪法上规定的；2.组成的，构成的provision [pr4'vi94n] n.1.供应，供应品；2.条款，规定；3.[常pl.]给养，口粮electoral [i'lekt4r4l] a.选举的
representation [`reprizen'tei54n] n.1.描写，表现；2.代表，代理
congress n.1.（代表）大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]（美法等的）参议院，上院House [haus] n.[英]议院
district ['distrikt] n.1.区，行政区；2.地区，区域
representative [`repri'zent4tiv] n.代表，代表人；a.典型的，有代表性的presidency n.1.总统（或校长，会长，行长等）职务（或职权，任期）；2.管辖overwhelming [4uv4'（h）welmi6] a.压倒之势的
stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望
identify……as把……看作
impact on 对……之影响
contest ['k3ntest] n.1.竞争，比赛；2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩
rivalry ['raiv4lri] n.竞争；对抗
dozen ['d8zn] n.1.一打，十二个；2.十来个，十几个
nominate ['n3mineit] vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名
electorate [i'lekt4rit] n.全体选民；选区
inevitably [in'evit4bli] ad.不可避免地，必然地
dominance ['d3min4ns] n.优势，控制，统治
assault [4's3：lt] n.1.攻击，袭击；2.（军）冲击，突击，强击
parliamentary [`p2：l4'ment4ri] a.议会的，国会的
congressman ['k36gresm4n] n.（美）国会议员
statistically [st4'tistik4li] ad.在统计方面
dominant ['d3min4nt] a.占优势的；支配的
majority [m4'd93riti] n.1.多数，大半；2.多数党，多数派
automatically [`3：t4'm1tik4li] ad.自动地；习惯性地
competitor [k4m'petit4] n.竞争者；对手
running ['r8ni6] n.1.跑，赛跑；2.竞选
inevitable [in'evit4bl] a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的
peaceful ['pi：sful] a.1.平静的，安宁的；2.和平的，和平方式的
transfer [tr1ns'f4：] vt.1.转移，传输；2调动；3.改变；vi.1.转移，转学；2.换车；换船；n.转移，传输，变换
overturn vt./n.1.打翻，使翻过来；2.推翻，颠覆，毁灭；vi.翻身；倒下
foolproof ['fu：l'pru：f] a.1.连傻子都懂的；2.不会出毛病的；3.有安全装置的monopoly [m4'n3p4li] n.垄断；专卖
opposition [`3p4'zi54n] n.1.反对，反抗；2.对立，意见相反
monopolize [m4'n3p4laiz] v.垄断；专卖
moderation [`m3d4'rei54n] n.1.温和，适度；2.缓和，减轻
legislation [`led9is'lei54n] n.1.立法；2.法律，法规
temporarily ['temp4r4rili] ad.暂时地，临时地
break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解
in the running 参赛，参加竞选
in power 掌权的，执政的
out of power 丧失权力
in favour of 1.赞成，支持；2.为……的利益，有利于；3.支付给
come into power 上台；开始掌权
carry on 1.经营，进行；2.继续
anaesthetics [`1nis'7etiks] n.麻醉学
vaccine ['v1ksi：n] n.牛痘苗；疫苗；a.牛痘的；疫苗的
diabetes [dai4'bi：ti：z] n.糖尿病
developmental a.1.发展的，开发的；2.促使成长的，起改进作用的
disorder [dis'3：d4] n.1.混乱；2.失调，紊乱；vt.使混乱；使失调
irrelevant [i'reliv4nt] a.不相干的，离题的，与……不相干（to）
misleading [mis'li：di6] a.引入歧途的；使人误解的
irresponsible [`iri'sp3ns4bl] a.无责任感的，不负责任的
unethical [8n'47ik4l] a.不合伦理的；不合道德的
thalidomide [74'lid4maid]n.[药]萨立多胺（原用作中枢神经镇静剂，因有造成胎儿缺肢畸形的副作用，已被禁用）
replacement [ri'pleism4nt] n.1.复位，复职；2.替换，代替
refinement [ri'fainm4nt] n.精炼，精制
simulate ['simjuleit] vt……假装，冒充；2.模仿，模拟
cell [sel] 1.细胞；2.小房间，单人牢房
toxicity [t3k'sisiti] n.毒性
eventual [i'ventju4l] a.最后的，结局的
dose [d4us] n.（一次）剂量
replace vt.1.把……放回（原处），使恢复（原职）；2.更换，以……替代
tube [tju：b] n.1.管，软管；2.电子管，真空管；3.[英]地铁
partly ['p2：tli] ad.部分地；在一定程度上
polio ['p4uli4u] n.[医]脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症
biomedical ['bai4u'medik4l] a.生物医学的
ethics ['e7iks] n.[pl.]1.[用作单]伦理学；2.伦理观，道德标准
undergo [`8nd4'g4u] vt.经历，经受；忍受
suitable ['sju：t4bl] a.合适的；适当的
rabbit ['r1bit] n.兔
litter ['lit4] n.1.（供动物睡眠或植物防冻的）干草；2.杂乱无章；3.（猫狗等）一窝（仔畜）；4.[总称]乱丢的东西（尤指废纸等杂物）；vt.1.为（动物）铺草；
2.（多产动物）产（仔）；
3.乱丢
refine [ri'fain] vt.1.提纯，精制；2.使精美，使改进；vt.1.精炼，提纯；2.变优雅regeneration [ri`d9en4'rei54n] n.新生，再生，复兴
paralyse ['p1r4laiz] vt.1.使麻痹，使瘫痪；2.使无力，使气馁
regrow [ri：'gr4u] vt.再生长，重新生长
reproduce vt.1.繁殖；2.再生产，再生长（器官）；3.复制；4.再现，重现
sacrifice to 向……献祭；为……而牺牲；为……而失去
do research into 进行……的研究
be central to 对……极为重要的
do experiment on 用……做实验
be irrelevant to 与……不相干；不切题
test on 对……进行试验
aim for 瞄准；以……为目标
pet [pet] n.宠物，爱畜；a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的
delightful [di'laitful] a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的
humanity [hju（：）'m1niti] n.1.人性，博爱，仁慈；2.人类
negative ['neg4tiv] a.1.否定的，否认的；2.反面的，消极的；3.[数]负的，[电]阴性的；n.1.负片，底片；2.负数
remark [ri'm2：k] vt.说，评论；vi.评论，议论（on）；n.评论，看法
touching ['t8t5i6] a.动人的，使人感伤的
going ['g4ui6] n.进行状况；a.进行中的；现行的
coming ['k8mi6] a.正在到来的，即将来到的；n.来到，到达
literal ['lit4r4l] a.1.精确的，如实的；2.逐字的，字面的
grant [gr2：nt] vt.同意；准予；n.1.同意，授予；2.拨款
contented [k4n'tentid] a.满足的，满意的
serene [si'ri：n] a.安详的；宁静的
contemplate ['k3ntempleit] vt.1.注视，凝视；2.沉思
plea [pli：] n.1.请求，恳求；2.托词
devotion [di'v4u54n] n.献身，忠诚
ownership ['4un45ip] n.1.拥有；2.所有权，所有制
imperative [im'per4tiv] a.1.绝对必要的，迫切的；2.命令，强制的；3.[语]祈使的stricken ['strik4n] I. strike的过去分词II.a.1.被打中的，被击伤的；2.（常用以构成复合词）受灾的，受侵袭的
relief [ri'li：f] n.1.（痛苦，压迫等）减轻，宽慰；2.救济
donation [d4u'nei54n] n.捐献；赠送
afflict [4'flikt] vt.使苦恼，折磨
deprive [di'praiv] vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去（of）
individualistic [`indi`vidju4'listik] a.个人主义（者）的
prevail [pri'veil] vi.1.胜过（over，against）；2.流行，盛行
starvation [st2：'vei54n] n.饥饿；饿死
kwashiorkor [`kw35i'3：k3：] n.[医]恶性营养不良症
deficiency [di'fi54nsi] n.缺乏，不足
starve [st2：v] vi.1.饿死；2.挨饿；3.极需，渴望（for）；vt.使饿死；使挨饿sustain [s4s'tein] vt.1.支撑，承受住；2.供养，维持
unreasonable a.1.不讲道理的，非理智的；2.不合情理的，过度的
bring out 1.使显现，显示；2生产，使产生
attach……to使……与……相关，把……附加到
goings and comings 1.来往；2.活动，发生的事
take……for granted 1.认为真实；2.视为当然
at ease 自在的，舒适的
plea for 恳求；请求
not that……并不是说
not （never）for a moment 决不；从不
break in on（upon） 1.打扰；2.打断，闯进
feel bitter at 对……怀恨
seize hold of 1.抓住；2.占有
daydream ['deidri：m] vi./n.白日做梦
symptom ['simpt4m] n.症状，征兆
habitual [h4'bitju4l] a.1.习惯性的，习以为常的；2.惯常的，已成规则的maladjustment [m1l4'd98stm4nt] n.1.失调；2.不适应环境
compensatory [k4m'pens4t4ri] a.赔偿，补偿的
equilibrium [`i：kwi'libri4m] n.1.平衡，均衡，平均，相称；2.均势；3.（心情的）平静；4.（判断上的）不偏不倚
intellectual [`inti'lektju4l] n.知识分子；a.智力的，理智的
detail ['di：teil] n.细节，详情；vt.详述，详细说明
enhance [in'h2：ns] vt.提高；增强
spur vt.1.用催马刺催促（马）；2.激励，鞭策；n.1.踢马刺；2.刺激（物），激励，鼓舞initial [i'ni54l] a.1.最初的，开始的；2.词首的；n.首字母
inventor [in'vent4] n.发明者，创造者
waylay [wei'lei] vt.伏击；拦住……问讯
muse [mju：z] v./n.沉思，冥想
confront [k4n'fr8nt] vt.1.面对，遭遇；2.正视，对抗
painter ['peint4] n.漆工；画家
sensitivity [`sensi'tiviti] n.敏感性；灵敏度
inner ['in4] a.1.内部的，里面的；2.思想的，精神的；n.内部；里面
reflection [ri'flek54n] n.1.反射，反映，映像；2.深思，考虑
creativity [`kri：ei'tiviti] n.创造性
effortless ['ef4tlis] a.1.不作努力的；2.不费力的，容易的
dreamlike ['dri：mlaik] a.梦一般的，梦幻的
surrounding [s4'raundi6] n.[pl.]周围的事物；环境；a.周围的
character ['k1rikt4] n.1.性格，品质；2.特性，特征；3.人物，角色；4.（书写或印刷）符号，（汉）字
thinker ['7i6k4] n.思想家；思考者
steadily ['stedili] ad.稳固地；稳定地
vividly ['vividli] ad.鲜明地；生动地
drift [drift] n.1.漂流；2.趋势，倾向；vi.漂流；漂泊；vt.使漂流trace [treis] n.1.痕迹，踪迹；2.微量，少许；vt.跟踪，查找
4月自考英语二试题及答案知识讲解
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山东自考英语二课文翻译
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自考英语二怎么学
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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2
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If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
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Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍 2. negative n. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的 3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的 6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道 7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所 8. symbolize v. 象征；是…的象征；代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地；极其 credible 可靠的，可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的 12. arise v. 发生；产生；出现 arise from sth. 区分：arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯） 2. end up最终成为；最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire
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英语二内容串讲 阅读三重境界 ＊彻底糊涂：细节 ＊彻底明白：细节+主旨 ＊似懂非懂：翻译 阅读四项能力 词能、句能、篇能、考能 词能第一 一、五个猜词绝招 1.利用上下文确定词义 例1：He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personality. He seems to have unlimited energy. 例2：Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society. 例3：A first year college or university student is commonly a 'freshman', and 'sophomore', 'junior' and 'senior' designate the second—third—and fourth—year student. 例4：The tired soldiers trudged through knee deep mud for hours before they found a dry place to sleep. 2.利用构词法确定词义 例1：Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy. 例2：They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked too many difficult questions. 例3：The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught. 3.利用语法知识确定词义 例1：For their fishing and hunting the men used a kayak, a small boat for one person. 例2：A solar eclipse—when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun—in an unusual and interesting phenomenon that occurs rarely. 例3：Ventilation, as we know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering. 例4：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing. 4.根据同义、反义关系确定词义 表示反义的信号词：in contrast, on the other hand, rather than, however, yet, although, while, unlike, but, whereas, as opposed to…… 例1：My sister Mane is an optimist, while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen. 例2：Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying. 例3：A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof—not friendly, of distance from others. 5. 利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义 例1：Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen. 例2：Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten, I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater. 二、词的构成：常见的前缀和后缀
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit8
Unit 8 The Great Minds The Great Minds 名人名言部分补充make A of B A famous quote A pessimist makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist makes opportunities of his difficulties. ----Harry S. Truma n 悲观者让机会沦为困难；乐观者把困难铸成机会。----杜鲁门 make A of B make a success of on e's career make a musician of the little boy wan ted The father exposed his son to music when he was still a little child becaused he to make a musicia n of him. expose sb. / on eself to sth. Don't expose yourself to the stro ng sun light, or you will get sun bur nt. 联想：sunburnt / suntanned gain exposure to sth. make a footballer of Tom make a mess of the accou nt I. New words and expressions New words 1. wrap v. 用…缠绕（或围紧） 2. seen ario n. 设想；方案；预测 3. explanation n.解释；说明 explai n expla natory 4. un eve ntful adj. 平淡无奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的 5. preg nancy n. 怀孕；妊娠；孕期 6. imperfect adj.有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的 perfect perfecti on
自考《英语二》2012版-课程代码00015-课文英汉对照
Unit 1 The Power of Language Text A Pre-reading Questions 1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading? 2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically? Critical Reading Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying ,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader. 批判性阅读 批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。 Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。 Question assertion s made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities. 质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够