学前教育外文文献翻译资料

文献出处：Field T. Emotional wellbeing and childcare quality in preschool education [J]. Child Development, 2015, 6(3): 63-80.

原文

Emotional wellbeing and childcare quality in preschool education

Field T

Abstract

Preschool age is human social behavior, mood, emotion, personality and cognitive aspects of the key stage of development, is also one of the fastest growing, most plastic time in their life. Preschool education and related research results show that conservation is very important to the individual's physical and mental development, in the person's lifelong development also plays an important role. “Research has shown that high quality pre-school education and care to children's language ability, cognitive ability and the development of social behavior and their later in the long-term school and society's achievements in life has a positive impact. In addition, the pre-school education and care for the development of education, family happiness and social stability and progress also plays an important role. Keywords: pre-school education, child care, mental health

Introduction

Since the 1990 s, preschool education is being paid attention to by the countries all over the world, and gradually become the world's one of the important topics of education reform. Governments through perfecting the legislation of preschool education, increase financial investment and so on, gradually increase the intensity of support for preschool education, and through a series of means and measures, improve the quality of the country's pre-school education, and promote the pre-school education fair. At present, the social education to the health of preschool children, only stay in the range of health, the mental health education, especially to cultivate children's sound personality, including healthy emotion, strong will, coordination behavior, moderate reaction, and normal interpersonal relationship is still insufficient attention.

Literature review

Francis & and Alan Hayes in the OECD on pre-school education policy project review (2000) review summarizes the development of preschool education in the background, historical origin, the regulations and policy guidance, etc., points out that preschool education is facing many challenges, they think the government should fully realize that children are the future of the country and the importance of preschool education on children development and take measures to improve the quality of preschool education, strengthen the pre-school education and conservation organizations contact with family and community.

Alison Elliott in his study of the preschool education - all children to quality and fair path "(2006), analyzes the current pre-school education and care system operation mode, a summary of the results of our predecessors' studies, think should reform of preschool education and care to give their children a better future, and puts forward some reform Suggestions: at the end of the policy on the condition of education and conservation division; Overall, cooperation plan implementation; To establish a national curriculum system, and so on.

Mailing says, mental health refers to people for the environment and to each other with the highest efficiency and happy to adapt to the situation. Mental health who can adapt to the external world stable emotion, in all kinds of psychological quality has a pleasant disposition. English points out that mental health is a kind of psychological status of the participants in that case can do good, has the vigor of life, and can fully develop the potential of body and mind, it is a positive case, not just from mental illness.Katz and column think, mental health refers to the person's mood is stable, wisdom and good social adaptation.Jieming bloom in 1964 by the eight children's physical, mental and psychological development of longitudinal study, found that for children aged eight, because in a good environment and grow in the bad environment, both the difference between the IQ of up to 16 points, in order to produce the stand or fall of juvenile stage provide environment for children to a large extent influence the development of their IQ.

Sally Tomlinson and Kathy's wedding on child care has carried on the thorough analysis and research. They believe that a country's strategy of early childhood

education should be for at least two goals: one is for all the family can put their children in a good environment for the development of education and health; 2 it is to have a good selection of preschool education, and the choice of parents should be able to get respect, etc. Finally they also point out that, in order to achieve these goals, the government should increase the preschool funding projects and adjust tax distribution, to reform the system of state aid in close cooperation and strengthen the central and local, and ensure that investment in young children makes it possible for families to take care of, so that you can let the children to get healthy development.Brian brown in the Choice For Parents, the Best Start For Children - a ten - year strategy For childcare: a Case Study of New Sure Start, UK "(2005), the content of the background, For child care, etc. The analysis and research are discussed in detail. Ann bout and Gordon MacDonald in the Parents and a ten - year strategy for childcare Evaluation: Suggestions for partnership "(2006), this Angle is mainly from the family and community resources, studied the content of the child care.

Preschool education in child care

Preschool education and conservation organizations

Different families can choose according to their own situation and the child's needs a pre-school institutions, also can choose a variety of preschool institutions at the same time. According to various preschool institutions function is divided into three categories: mainly for 3-5 years old children preschool education preschool/kindergarten, mainly provide pre-school children 0-5 years old conservation service conservation organizations as well as the remote areas and children with special needs of mainstream pre-school institutions.

Conservation organizations are all day care and home care agencies: the whole facility is mainly geared to the needs of children aged 0 to 5, generally at 7:30 am to 6 PM open, open at least 10 hours a day, five days a week (from Monday to Friday), at least 48 weeks each year; Family day care is to point to by professional nanny in their own homes for children, provide flexible pre-school teaching and care services, including the day of custody, part time and temporary custody hosting, mainly for children aged 0 to 6, family day care nurse to day care in the family registration

system, family day care system is responsible for recruiting and training the nanny, conservation of regulatory quality and provide professional advice and support for the parents and information, etc., with a range of pre-school education qualifications of preschool teachers can be independent of the home care system and separate family day care institutions.

Quality promotion and certification system and family day care institutions of quality assurance system requirements for the whole day care and family day care for children and they adapt to the development of preschool education and conservation programs, but there is no prescribed course.

Preschool education and conservation supervision

At the federal level, the education, employment, and labor relations department is responsible for the jurisdiction of pre-school education and care of related transaction, its functions are: for the whole day care, family day care, some temporary trustee institution, formulate related policies, through family help office to issue childcare subsidies and child night tax return, overseeing all day care and home care quality certification system and supporting indigenous children's pre-school education; State and territory governments bears the major responsibility for the preschool education and conservation of this area, is mainly responsible for: the jurisdiction of the regulation and funding preschool/kindergarten and some is beyond the scope of the federal government to support conservation organizations, according to the jurisdiction of the pre-school education and conservation organizations set up regulatory requirements, monitor their behavior and issue business licenses.

The defects of preschool education and conservation system

In recent years, more and more studies show that children's first five years of experience, learning, and to the health of their future social development plays a decisive role. Children started from the birth of learning, the federal government will pre-school education from pre-school conservation fund and regulatory practices against the development of children. And in the actual operation, the preschool education and preschool boundaries also gradually tends to be fuzzy. In some jurisdictions, some conservation organizations also provide preschool education for

children, conservation agencies in 2006 census data show that the country's 2068 is about 48% in the whole facility for meat to provide pre-school education. Because families choose conservation organizations can get the federal government's subsidies, conservation agencies and more on service when asked to meet the needs of the parents, many parents are willing to send children to conservation of preschool education, in 2007-2008, about 526000 children aged 4, including about 200000 in conservation agency preschool education.

Preschool institutions no consistent curriculum, teachers' qualification, regulation and support standards, this is bad for children in a variety of transition between pre-school institutions, is unfavorable to the parents to choose the appropriate for children pre-school institutions; And government regulatory requirements also do not take the pre-school institutions especially conservation organizations to provide the quality of preschool education and conservation, leaving many children receive less than high quality pre-school education and care; Layers of government regulation of preschool education and conservation, caused the pre-school education and preservation system policy, funding and develop parties, such as the complexity and multilayered; The federal government and the district government regulatory conservation organizations, and creates some regulatory overlap, increased the regulatory burden of conservation organizations, make a conservation organization staff have to shoulder some of the unnecessary administrative work, and have no time to plan and prepare for children education activities; And the independent regulation of the jurisdiction of preschool education, and the development level and the quality is uneven, unfavorable to pre-school education and conservation of fair; Preschool workers have different qualifications, and many conservation agency workers have no formal qualifications, statistics show, only 7% of the whole day care staff across the country has degree or higher qualifications, 39% of staff have no formal qualifications, this is not conducive to the development of children.

Conclusion

Research proves that high quality pre-school education and care to children's language ability, cognitive ability and the development of social behavior and their

later in the long-term school and society's achievements in life has a positive impact. In addition, the pre-school education and care for the development of education, family happiness and social stability and progress also plays an important role. And the quality is the lifeline of the preschool education career, it is directly related to the level of children's physical and mental development, quality and high quality pre-school education can effectively promote the sound development of children.

译文

学前教育阶段的心理健康与儿童保育质量

Field T

摘要

学前期是人的社会性行为、情绪情感、性格和认知等方面发展的关键阶段,也是人一生中发展最快、可塑性最强的时期。相关的研究成果都表明,学前教育和保育对个体的身心发展十分重要,在人的终身发展中也起着举足轻重的作用。有研究证明,高质量的学前教育和保育对儿童的言语能力、认知能力和社会行为能力的发展以及他们以后在长期的学校和社会生活中取得的成就有着积极的影响。另外,学前教育和保育对于教育事业的发展、家庭的幸福和社会的稳定与进步也具有重要的作用。

关键词：学前教育，儿童保育，心理健康

引言

20 世纪90 年代以来，学前教育日益受到世界各国前所未有的普遍重视，并且逐步成为世界教育改革的重要课题之一。各国政府纷纷通过完善学前教育立法、增加财政投入等，逐步加大对学前教育的支持力度，并且通过采取一系列的手段与措施，提高本国的学前教育质量、促进学前教育公平。当前，社会对学前儿童的健康教育,仅仅停留在身体健康的范围,对心理健康的教育,特别是对培养儿童健全的人格,包括健康的情绪、坚强的意志、协调的行为、适度的反应、正常的人际关系还重视不足。

文献综述

弗朗西斯·普雷斯和艾伦·海斯在《OECD关于学前教育政策的专题评论》(2000)中回顾总结了学前教育发展的背景、历史渊源、当时的规定和指导政策等,

指出学前教育面临着很多挑战,他们认为政府应该充分认识到儿童是国家的未来和学前教育对儿童发展的重要性,采取措施提高学前教育质量,加强学前教育和保育机构与家庭和社区的联系。

艾莉森·埃利奥特在他的研究报告《学前教育-所有孩子通往质量和公平的路径》(2006)中分析了亚现行的学前教育和保育系统运行的模式,总结前人研究的成果,认为应该改革学前教育和保育以使本国儿童获得更好的未来,并提出了几点改革建议:在政策上结束教育和保育分化的状况;实施整体的、合作的计划;建立全国性的课程体系等等。

麦灵格认为,心理健康是指人们对于环境及相互间具有最高效率及快乐的适应情况。心理健康的人能适应外部世界保持平稳的情绪,在各种心理品质中具有愉快的性情。英格里士指出,心理健康是一种持续的心理状况,当事者在那种情况下能做良好适应,具有生命的活力,并能充分发展起身心的潜能,这乃是一种积极的丰富的情况,不仅仅是免于心理疾病而己。凯兹和列维斯认为,心理健康指的是人的情绪稳定、智慧敏锐以及社会适应良好的状态。杰明·布鲁姆在1964 年通过对8 名儿童的身体、脑力和心理发展的纵向研究，发现同为8 岁的儿童，只因分别在良好环境与在恶劣环境中成长，两者的智商之差高达16 分，以此得出在幼年期为儿童提供环境的好坏能够很大程度上影响他们的智商发展的结论。

萨利·汤姆林森和凯西·森伟对儿童保育进行了较为深入的分析和研究。他们认为，一个国家的幼儿教育战略都应该至少追求两个目标：一是所有的家庭都可以把他们的子女安置在有良好教育与健康发展的环境中；二是有很好的可供选择的学前教育，并且家长的选择应该能够得到尊重等。最后他们还指出，要实现这些目标，政府就应该加大幼儿资助项目和调节税收分配，改革国家的援助制度，并加强中央与地方的紧密合作，确保对幼儿的投入可以让家庭获得照顾，以便能够让幼儿获得健康地发展。布赖恩·布朗在《Choice For Parents, the Best Start for Children—a ten-year strategy for childcare: A Case Study of New Sure Start, UK》（2005）一文中，对儿童保育的背景、内容等进行了较为详细地分析和研究。安·布特和戈登·迈克唐纳在《Parents and a ten-year strategy for childcare Evaluation: Suggestions for partnership》(2006)一文中,（完整译文请到百度文库）主要从家庭、社区资源这一角度，对儿童保育的内容进行了研究。

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英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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儿童性教育外文翻译文献

文献信息： 文献标题：The Existing Approaches to Sexuality Education Targeting Children: A Review Article（针对儿童的性教育的现有方法：综述文章）国外作者：Ganji J, Emamian M H, Maasoumi R, et al 文献出处：《Iranian Journal of Public Health》,2017 , 46 (7) :890-898 字数统计：英文2177单词，12737字符；中文3949汉字 外文文献： The Existing Approaches to Sexuality Education Targeting Children: A Review Article Abstract Background:We aimed to assess what is already known about sexuality education (SE)-related policy or practical issues using review methods to search and critically appraise the existing SE approaches targeting children under age 12 yr. Methods: We completed the data collection by an extensive search of the English and Persian published and unpublished literature, evidence from experts in the topic, and by searching citations. The MeSH-terms were sexuality and training, sexuality education and programs or approaches, sexuality and children, sexuality education and parents, sex or sexuality education, sex education and parents or caregivers. A systematic search of medical and health-related databases, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science was undertaken for the years 1970–2015 together with citation searching, reference list checking and recommendations from stakeholders to identify evidence for SE. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, 20 documents were identified. They were synthesized into three main categories as sexuality-related knowledge, attitudes, and parents' skills to manage children's sexual behavior and related education. Employed approaches to children's sexuality were reported to be effective in

10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

在广州甚至广东的住宅小区电气设计中,一般都会涉及到小区的高低压供配电系统的设计.如10kV高压配电系统图,低压配电系统图等等图纸一大堆.然而在真正实施过程中,供电部门(尤其是供电公司指定的所谓电力设计小公司)根本将这些图纸作为一回事,按其电脑里原有的电子档图纸将数据稍作改动以及断路器按其所好换个厂家名称便美其名曰设计(可笑不?),拿出来的图纸根本无法满足电气设计的设计意图,致使严重存在以下问题:(也不知道是职业道德问题还是根本一窍不通) 1.跟原设计的电气系统货不对板,存在与低压开关柜后出线回路严重冲突,对实际施工造成严重阻碍,经常要求设计单位改动原有电气系统图才能满足它的要求(垄断的没话说). 2.对消防负荷和非消防负荷的供电(主要在高层建筑里)应严格分回路(从母线段)都不清楚,将消防负荷和非消防负荷按一个回路出线(尤其是将电梯和消防电梯,地下室的动力合在一起等等,有的甚至将楼顶消防风机和梯间照明合在一个回路,以一个表计量). 3.系统接地保护接地型式由原设计的TN-S系统竟曲解成"TN-S-C-S"系统(室内的还需要做TN-C,好玩吧?),严格的按照所谓的"三相四线制"再做重复接地来实施,导致后续施工中存在重复浪费资源以及安全隐患等等问题.. ............................(违反建筑电气设计规范等等问题实在不好意思一一例举,给那帮人留点混饭吃的面子算了) 总之吧,在通过图纸审查后的电气设计图纸在这帮人的眼里根本不知何物,经常是完工后的高低压供配电系统已是面目全非了,能有百分之五十的保留已经是谢天谢地了. 所以.我觉得:住宅建筑电气设计,让供电部门走!大不了留点位置,让他供几个必需回路的电,爱怎么折腾让他自个怎么折腾去.. Guangzhou, Guangdong, even in the electrical design of residential quarters, generally involving high-low cell power supply system design. 10kV power distribution systems, such as maps, drawings, etc. low-voltage distribution system map a lot. But in the real implementation of the process, the power sector (especially the so-called power supply design company appointed a small company) did these drawings for one thing, according to computer drawings of the original electronic file data to make a little change, and circuit breakers by their the name of another manufacturer will be sounding good design (ridiculously?), drawing out the design simply can not meet the electrical design intent, resulting in a serious following problems: (do not know or not know nothing about ethical issues) 1. With the original design of the electrical system not meeting board, the existence and low voltage switchgear circuit after qualifying serious conflicts seriously hinder the actual construction, often require changes to the original design unit plans to meet its electrical system requirements (monopoly impress ). 2. On the fire load and fire load of non-supply (mainly in high-rise building in) should be strictly sub-loop (from the bus segment) are not clear, the fire load and fire load of non-qualifying press of a circuit (especially the elevator and fire elevator, basement, etc.

土木工程外文文献翻译

专业资料 学院： 专业：土木工程 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：Structural Systems to resist (用外文写) Lateral loads 附件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文 抗侧向荷载的结构体系 常用的结构体系 若已测出荷载量达数千万磅重，那么在高层建筑设计中就没有多少可以进行极其复杂的构思余地了。确实，较好的高层建筑普遍具有构思简单、表现明晰的特点。 这并不是说没有进行宏观构思的余地。实际上，正是因为有了这种宏观的构思，新奇的高层建筑体系才得以发展，可能更重要的是：几年以前才出现的一些新概念在今天的技术中已经变得平常了。 如果忽略一些与建筑材料密切相关的概念不谈，高层建筑里最为常用的结构体系便可分为如下几类： 1.抗弯矩框架。 2.支撑框架，包括偏心支撑框架。 3.剪力墙，包括钢板剪力墙。 4.筒中框架。 5.筒中筒结构。 6.核心交互结构。 7. 框格体系或束筒体系。 特别是由于最近趋向于更复杂的建筑形式，同时也需要增加刚度以抵抗几力和地震力，大多数高层建筑都具有由框架、支撑构架、剪力墙和相关体系相结合而构成的体系。而且，就较高的建筑物而言，大多数都是由交互式构件组成三维陈列。 将这些构件结合起来的方法正是高层建筑设计方法的本质。其结合方式需要在考虑环境、功能和费用后再发展，以便提供促使建筑发展达到新高度的有效结构。这并

不是说富于想象力的结构设计就能够创造出伟大建筑。正相反，有许多例优美的建筑仅得到结构工程师适当的支持就被创造出来了，然而，如果没有天赋甚厚的建筑师的创造力的指导，那么，得以发展的就只能是好的结构，并非是伟大的建筑。无论如何，要想创造出高层建筑真正非凡的设计，两者都需要最好的。 虽然在文献中通常可以见到有关这七种体系的全面性讨论，但是在这里还值得进一步讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论中。 抗弯矩框架 抗弯矩框架也许是低，中高度的建筑中常用的体系，它具有线性水平构件和垂直构件在接头处基本刚接之特点。这种框架用作独立的体系，或者和其他体系结合起来使用，以便提供所需要水平荷载抵抗力。对于较高的高层建筑，可能会发现该本系不宜作为独立体系，这是因为在侧向力的作用下难以调动足够的刚度。 我们可以利用STRESS，STRUDL 或者其他大量合适的计算机程序进行结构分析。所谓的门架法分析或悬臂法分析在当今的技术中无一席之地，由于柱梁节点固有柔性，并且由于初步设计应该力求突出体系的弱点，所以在初析中使用框架的中心距尺寸设计是司空惯的。当然，在设计的后期阶段，实际地评价结点的变形很有必要。 支撑框架 支撑框架实际上刚度比抗弯矩框架强，在高层建筑中也得到更广泛的应用。这种体系以其结点处铰接或则接的线性水平构件、垂直构件和斜撑构件而具特色，它通常与其他体系共同用于较高的建筑，并且作为一种独立的体系用在低、中高度的建筑中。

中文和英文简历和专业英语材料翻译

韶关学院 期末考核报告 科目：专业英语 学生姓名： 学号： 同组人： 院系： 专业班级： 考核时间：2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师： 评分：

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced