情态动词和虚拟语气
第七章情态动词和虚拟语气
168中学黄建多王景凤
情态动词的考点
Can 的常见考点：
(1)可以用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性。如：
Eg:Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
(2)否定语气较强时，用cat’t 或couldn’t( 不可能)。
Eg:After what had happened,he could not continue to work there.
You can’t mistake their car;it has got bright red line all over it.
(3)can,could在疑问句中时，表示惊讶、困惑、不相信等。如：
There is someone outside,who can it be?
What can they be doing?
Could he be serious?
Where can she have put it?
(4)当说话者表达怀疑之意时，需要用may,might或could，其中might,could比may所表达的怀疑或犹豫之意更强。如：
That may be our taxi.
That can/could be our taxi(but I doubt it).
(5)表示现在的能力，此时，can=be able to,如：
I am starving to death,I can/am able to eat two bowls of rice now.
(6)can/could have done sth.①过去本来能够做某事，过去本来可以做某事(但却未做)②可能做过某事(表示对过去的推测)。如：
①I could have worked out the problem,but I was too nervous.
②He could have gone to bed,for it was too late.
(7)can+动词原形表示对现在或将来的推测。如：
He can be a doctor now.
She can be a teacher in the future.
（8）cannot but do sth.=can’t help but do sth.=can’t choose but do sth.=can do nothing but do sth.=have no choice but to do sth.表示“不得不，只好做某事”。如：
I cannot but choose to go.
(9)cannot/never+be+adj+enough+to do sth.= cannot/never+be+too+adj+to do sth.表示“无论做…怎么样也不过分”。如：
You can never be careful enough to do homework.= You can never be too careful to do homework. You can never be careful enough in the street.= You can never be too careful in the street.
I can’t thank you much enough.=I can’t thank you too much.我无论怎么感谢你也不过分。
Be able to的常见考点：
(1)Was able to do sth.=was successful in doing sth.=succeeded in doing sth.=managed to do sth.过去成功做到某事。如：
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly,but everyone was able to get out.
(2)will be able to do sth.将来能够做某事
Eg：If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem.
Can与be able to 的区别：（1）can常用于表示先天上的能力，be able to 常用于表示后天习得的能力；（2）can只能用于一般现在时或一般过去时中，be able to能用于任何时态。如：If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem.
May的常见考点：
（1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。常有not sure作标志。如：
We may go to the cinema tonight,but we are not sure yet.
(2) 当说话者表达怀疑之意时，需要用may,might或could，其中might,could比may所表达的怀疑或犹豫之意更强。如：
That may be our taxi.
That can/could be our taxi(but I doubt it).
(3)may/might not也许不，表示可能但不是肯定无疑。如：
Don’t worry.Your father may not have been hurt seriously.
(4)回答may提问的疑问句，否定回答用mustn’t或can’t，肯定回答时用can或may。如:
__________May I watch TV?
__________No,you can’t/mustn’t.
_________Yes,you can/may.
（5）may well do sth.=be very likely to do sth很有可能做某事
May as well do sth=had better do sth.最好做某事
Eg:①He may well be proud of his son.=He is very likely to be proud of his son.
②Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.= Her appearance has changed so much that you are not likely to recognize her.
③You may as well do it at once.=You had better do it at once.
④We may as well stay where we were.=We had better stay where we were.
(6)may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：
May we never forget each other.愿我们彼此永不相忘。
May you return in safety.愿你平安归来。
Must的常见考点：
(1)当说话者表达毫无疑问的结论时，需要用must,意为：一定，肯定。如：
He must be the wanted man;he is exactly like this picture.
(2)表示“硬要，偏要”。如：
Must you make so much noise?
If you must smoke,please go out.
(3)mustn’t表示“不准”。如：
You mustn’t smoke here.
(4)回答must提问的疑问句，否定回答时用needn’t或don’t have to，肯定回答时用must。
如：
__________Must I do homework now?
__________No,you needn’t/don’t have to
__________Yes,you must.
(5)must have done肯定做过某事，表示对过去的推测。如：
It must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.
(6)must+动词原形表示对现在或将来的推测。如：
He must do homework now.
She must be a nurse in the future.
Should/ought to的常见考点：
（1）表示推测出合乎理想的情况或结果，意为：按说应该。
Eg:He ought to/should be here in time-he started early enough.
(2)should表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会，竟然”。如：Why should you be so late today?你今天怎么来到得这么晚？
How should I know?我怎么会知道？
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.他竟然那样对你说话，实在让人吃惊。It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。（3）should+动词原形表示现在或将来应该做某事，should+have+过去分词表示过去本该做某事（实际上未做）。
Eg:I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I will be free.
You should have come to the conference yesterday.
[总结]表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较，从大到小的顺序为：
Must be>should/ought to be>can be>could be>may be>might be
肯定是按说应该是可能是也许是
shall的常见考点：
（1）shall与第二、第三人称连用，表示威胁、命令、警告、允诺或一定会出现的情况。
如：
①You shall leave the room at once,and he also shall.
②You shall have a bike if you have finished your homework.
③Shall the driver wait outside?
When shall my father be able to leave hospital?
(2)shall也可以用于宣布法律、规定。如：
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
(3)shall可以用于主动提出帮忙或提出建议。如：
______What is your name?
______Khulaifi.Shall I spell that for you?
Will/would的常见考点：
1，可以用来叙述真理，表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。如：
Fish will die without water.
Oil will float on water.
Engines won’t run without lubricants（润滑剂）.
2，will可以叙述目前的习惯，would（would’t）可以叙述过去的习惯。如：
She will listen to records alone in her room for hours.
He would spend hours in her room.
[注意]would和used to都表示过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与every
day,often,frequently等连用，不强调与现在的对比性；used to表示过去的状态或过去的习惯现在已不存在，强调与现在的对比性。如：
When he was abroad,he would read as many books as possible.
She doesn’t get up so early as she used to.
3,will,shall表示将来，有时含有偶然性，临时性的决定（常考在对话中）。如：
——Do you know Mr.Smith has come to our town?
_____No,I will go and visit him right now.
4,will,shall与各种人称连用，用于陈述句，表示主语的意志或决心，常翻译成“愿意”。如：
You can stay as long as you can,if you will.
Need的常见考点：
(1)Need既可以当情态动词讲，也可以当实意动词讲。当情态动词讲时，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句或否定句中。当实意动词讲时，常用于need to do sth,need sth句型。如：
Need you do homework?=Do you need to do homework?
You needn’t play computer games.=You don’t need to play computer games.
I need to study hard now.
We need a lot of knowledge in today’s world.
(2)need的一般疑问句做肯定回答时，需要用must。否定回答时还是用need n’t。如：
_________Need I give up smoking?
_________Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.
(3) need have done sth.主要用在疑问句中。用于询问某一过去动作的必要性。如：
Need you have done that?
Need you have paid so much?你当时真须要付那么多钱吗？
Needn’t+have+过去分词表示“过去本来不需要做某事”（实际上做了）
Eg:You needn’t have worked that late night.It was harmful to your health.
(4) sth. need/want/require doing= sth. need/want/require to be done某物需要被…如：
This desk needs/wants/requires repairing.= This desk needs/wants/requires to be repaired.
(5)用于“there is/was no need to do sth.做…没有必要”句型。
Eg：There is no need to go abroad to study for there are many good colleges in China.
表示“宁愿做某事”时，常使用下面这些句式：
Prefer to do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B=would do A rather than do B 宁可做A，也不愿意做B
Prefer doing A to doing B 比起做B，更喜欢做A
Prefer A to B 比起B，更喜欢A
Prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事
Dare的考点：
（1）dare既可以作情态动词有可以做实意动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句或否定句中；当作实意动词时，常用于dare to do sth.句型。如：
He daren’t do it.=He doesn’t dare to do it.
Dare he eat the snake meat?=Does he dare to eat the snake meat?
He dare to go alone at night.
(2)dare作情态动词时,还可以用于条件句中，过去式为dared;作行为动词时，dare用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to 也可省略；如：
If he dare play computer games,his parents will beat him heavily.
He didn’t dare (to) do it.=He dared not do it.
Does he dare (to) climb that tall tree?
Dare sb. to do sth.量某人也不敢做某事
Eg:I dare you to climb that tall tree.我量你也不敢爬那棵高树。
(3)I dare say时习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。
情态动词／had bette r／would rather ／would like(love) to+have done用法一览：（1）Must have done sth.肯定做过某事。如：
It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over.
(2)cannot/couldn’t have done sth.不可能做过某事。如：
He can’t have forgetten it.
(3)can/could have done sth.①可能做过某事②本来可以做某事（实际上未做）。如：
It is too late,I think he can have gone to bed.
He can have gone to his aunt’s.
She could have gone to America last summer,but she didn’t.
(4)may/might have done sth.①也许做过某事。②本来可以做某事（实际上未做）如：
He may have finished his homework.
He might have given you more help,even though he was busy.他本来可以给以更多的帮助，即使他很忙。
(5) may/might not have done sth.也许没有做过某事。如：
John may not have watched the film last night.
(6)should/ought to have done sth.本来应该做某事（实际上未做）。如：
He should/ought to have done this work more carefully.
(7)Shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth.本来不应该做某事（实际上做了）。如：
You Shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have told her the truth.
(8)need have done sth.主要用在疑问句中。用于询问某一过去动作的必要性。如：
Need you have done that?
Need you have paid so much?你当时真须要付那么多钱吗？
Need they have sold the farm? 他们那时非得把农场卖掉不可吗
(9)needn’t have done sth.本来不需要做某事（实际上做了）。如：
You needn’t have taken a taxi here.
(10)had better have done sth.最好做过某事（实际上未做）
had better not have done sth.最好没有做过某事，如：
You had better not have scolded her.
(11)would rather have done sth.宁愿当时做了某事（实际上未做）
would rather not have done sth. 宁愿当时没有做过某事（实际上做了）。如：
I raised objections at the meeting,but I would rather not have done that.
(12)would like/love to have done sth.过去本想做某事（实际上未做）
would like/love not to have done sth.过去本不想做某事（实际上做了）。如：
I would love to have gone to the party,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
(13)would have done本来将要做某事（实际上未做）
Eg:I would have taken part in your birthday party,but I was too busy last night.
[注意]：情态动词+have+过去分词表示对过去的推测
情态动词+动词原形表示对现在或将来的推测
Eg:He must have been a teacher in the past.
He can be a doctor now.
He can be a doctor in the future.
虚拟语气
各种虚拟语气的构成：
1.对过去的虚拟：从句用过去完成时，主句用should/would/could/might+have+过去分词，
如：
If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exam.
2.对现在的虚拟：从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句用should/would/could/might+
动词原形，如：
If I were you,I would seize the chance to go abroad.
3.对将来的虚拟，从句用：①一般过去时（be动词用were），②were to+动词原形，③should+动词原形，主句用should/would/could/might+动词原形，如：
If he should not/were not to/didn’t come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next week. [注意]were,should,had可以提前，省去if。若省略的条件从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如:
①Were I you, ,I would seize the chance to go abroad.
②Had you failed in the exam,you would have lost the chance to go to college.
③Should he not come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next week.
混合虚拟语气又称之为错综时间的虚拟语气，通常指主句和从句不是在同一时间发生。如：If you had taken my advice,you would be better now.
If I were you,I would have helped him.
含蓄条件句
有时为了表达需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。其主要表现形式有：
（1）用with,without,but for,under,or ,otherwise,but等代替条件状语从句。如：
①What would you do with a million dollars?= What would you do if you had a million dollars?
②Without your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.=Had it not been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
③He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.
④I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.
(2)用不定式短语代替条件状语从句。如：
To have studied harder,you would have passed the examination.=If you had studied harder,you
would have passed the examination.
(3)用分词短语代替条件状语从句。如：
Born in better times,he would have been a scholar.=If he had been born in better times,he would have been a scholar.
Failing this time,what would you do?=If you failed this time,what would you do?
(4)用名词短语代替条件状语从句。如：
A few hours earlier,you would have seen the famous writer.=If you had come a few hours earlier,you would have seen the famous writer.
(5)用定语从句代替条件状语从句。如：
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.=If anyone had seen that painting ,he might have taken it for a photo.
(6)将条件隐含在一定的上下文中。如：
You might stay here forever.=If you wanted to, You might stay here forever.
Don’t bother to read all these papers.It would take too long.=If you read all these papers,it would take too long.
(7) 将条件隐含在形容词及其比较级中，如：
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.=If a person was more careful,he would not have made so many mistakes.
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1.用于宾语从句中
（1）wish后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不大可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：
对过去的虚拟用had done或could have done
对现在的虚拟用一般过去时
对将来的虚拟用could/would/might+动词原形
If only+句子=how I wish+句子
要是…就好了=我多么希望…
注意区别：Only if的意思是“只有……”only 引导的从句不倒装，主句要用倒装语序。Eg:Only if you study hard can you go to a good college.
Eg:If only I had seen the flim.=How I wish I had seen the flim.
If only I were a flying bird.=How I wish I were a flying bird.
I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
(2)用于表示“要求、建议、命令、推荐、愿望”等词后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，其构成为：（should）+动词原形，should可以省去。(考试时选项中通常没有should)这些动词的口诀是：I drop caps.具体的是：insist（坚持）,demand（要求）,desire(要求)，require,request,recommend(推荐,建议),order,prefer(宁愿)，propose(建议)，command(命令)，ask,advice,suggest
Eg:Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam be at the age of six years old.
[注意]①insist表示“坚持…应该…，坚持主张…”讲时，用虚拟语气，当“坚持说…”讲时，用陈述句语气。如：
They insisted that the boy (should)go with them.
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
②Suggest当“建议…”讲时，，用虚拟语气，当“暗示，表明”讲时，用陈述句语气。如：
He suggested that we (should)start off early the next day.
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
③表示“要求、建议、命令、推荐、愿望”类的名词所引导的表语从句和同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。其构成为：（should）+动词原形，should可以省去。如：
My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.
We all agree to his suggestion that we (should)go to America for sightseeing.
④在it is desired/suggested/proposal/recommended/necessary/important/essential /natural+that从句中，从句的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形，should可以省去。如：
It is suggested that the meeting (should)be put off till next week.
(3)在would rather/prefer （宁愿……）后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，其构成为：①对现在或将来的虚拟用一般过去时；②对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。如：
I would rather they did’t hear of the news.
I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.
易混点清单
一、as if/though（好像……）引导的句子意思表达与事实相符合时用陈述句语气；as if/though引导的句子意思表达与事实不相符合时用虚拟语气：①对过去的虚拟用过去完成时；②对现在的虚拟用一般过去时；③对将来的虚拟用would do.如：
I feel as if I have a fever.
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.(对现在的虚拟)
He speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. (对过去的虚拟)
He learns English so hard as if he would go to America.( 对将来的虚拟)
Even if/though(即使)，引导的句子意思表达与事实相符合时用陈述句语气；even if/though 引导的句子意思表达与事实不相符合时用虚拟语气.如：
Even if/though it is raining ,we’ll go there.( 陈述句语气)
Even if/though I were busy,I would go.( 虚拟语气)
Though当“然而，可是，不过”讲时,是副词，用于句末。如：
He is very knowledgeable,he is modest ,though.
二、虚拟语气在定语从句和状语从句中的运用
1.在定语从句中：
It is high/about time (that)…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用：①一般过去时；②should+动词原形，且should不可以省去。其中，high或about起缓和语气的作用。如：
It is (high)time that you went to school.= It is (high)time that you should go to school.
2.在目的状语从句中
在in case,lest,for fear that,in order that,so that等引导的状语从句中，动词用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”,表示虚拟。如：
She called him lest he should go out.
They left early for fear that they would meet him.
They removed the prisoner in order that he would not disturb the proceedings any longer.他们把
犯人带走以免他干扰审讯的进行。
情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
情态动词与虚拟语气
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：
2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注
Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope
情态动词和虚拟语气
要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to
情态动词和虚拟语气
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
(完整版)含有情态动词的虚拟语气
“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？
情态动词和虚拟语气
高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.
2019年高考英语真题专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气
三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---情态动词和虚拟语气
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本
情态动词和虚拟语气
第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.