美国文学赏析复习
美国文学赏析
1.连线题
Group 1 作家作品连线
Column A Column B
( ) 1. T. S. Eliot a. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening ( ) 2. Wallace Stevens b. Sister Carrie
( ) 3. Theodore Dreiser c.The Oversoul
( ) 4. Ralph Waldo Emerson d. Anecdote of the Jar
( ) 5. Robert Frost e. The Waste Land
Group 2 作品中人物与作品连线
Column A Column B
( ) 1. Benjy a. Sister Carrie
( ) 2. George Hurstwood b. The Sound and the Fury
( ) 3. Emily c. Mrs Warren’s Profession
( ) 4. Vivie d. A Rose for Emily
( ) 5. Jim e. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
“God help men that help themselves(上帝帮助那些帮助自己的人)” is found in Franklin work.
A.Paine
B. Franklin(富兰克林)
C. Freneau
D. Jefferson
From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous (本杰明·富兰克林撰写并发表他著名的)_____, an annal(年表、编年史) collection of proverbs.（谚语）
A.The Autobiography
B. Poor Richard’s Almanac(可怜的李察年鉴)
C. Common Sense D .The General Magazine
______ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.(是最主要的精神超越的俱乐部)
A.Henry David Thoreau
B. Ralph Waldo Emerson(拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生)
C. Nathanial Hawthorne
D. Walt Whitman
Transcendentalists（超验主义者）recognized ________ as the “highest power of the soul”.(先验论者承认直觉是灵魂的最高权力)
A. Intuition(直觉)
B. logic
C. data of the senses
D. thinking
The common thread throughout American literature has an emphasis on the ________.
(共同的主线贯穿美国文学有一个强调个人主义)
A.Revolution
B. Reason
C. Individualism(个人主义)
D. Rationalism
The publication of ________ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
(出版性质建立了爱默生最雄辩的发言人的新英格兰超验。)
A. Nature (性质)
B. Self-reliance
C.The American Scholar
D. The Over-soul
There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually
______ on the Puritan soil.
(有一个很好的理由,新英格兰先验论实际上是浪漫主义的清教徒的土壤。)
A. Romanticism(浪漫主义)
B. Puritanism （清教主义）
C. Mysticism （神秘主义）
D. Unitarianism （实用主义）
In the history of literature, Romanticism is regarded as _______.
(历史上的文学，浪漫主义被认为是)
A.the thought that designates（标出、定名为）a literary and philosophical theory which tends to
see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience.
(认为指定一个文学和哲学理论倾向于把个体为中心的所有生活和经验。)
B.The thought that designates man as a social animal
C.The orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in common
D.The modes of thinking
Mark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a ______ language.
（马克吐温写了他的大部分文学作品是用乡土语言）
A.Grand
B. pompous
C. simple
D. Vernacular(方言)
Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his _______. （马克吐温,美国19世纪最伟大的作家之一,是众所周知的地方色彩）
A. international theme
B. waste-land imagery
C. local color （地方色彩）
D. symbolism
The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as ______.
（现实主义的时代也是马克吐温称为“镀金时代）
A.the golden age
B. the silver age
C.the gilded age（镀金时代）
D. the roaring age
The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American _________.
（达尔文的进化理论的影响对美国思想和19世纪法国文学的影响在美国文人催生了另一个学校的现实主义:美国自然主义）
A. modernism
B. Naturalism（自然主义）
C. Vernacularism
D. local colorism
Which of the following figures does not belong to “The Lost Generation”?
（不属于下列哪个人物迷惘的一代吗）
A. Ezra Pound
B. William Carlos Williams
C. Robert Frost
D. Theodore Dreiser（西奥多·德莱塞）
The following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature except ______.
（下列作家获得诺贝尔文学奖,除了f·斯科特。菲茨杰拉德）
A. William Faulkner
B. F. Scott. Fitzgerald （f·斯科特。菲茨杰拉德）
C. John Steinbeck
D. Ernest Hemingway
Who, one of the most important poets in his time, is a leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”?
（最重要的诗人之一,他的时间,是一个领先的意象派运动的发言人吗）
A. J. D. Salinger
B. Ezra Pound（埃兹拉·庞德）
C. Richard Wright
D. Ralph Ellison
Theodore Dreiser is generally regarded as one of American’s ____________.
（西奥多·德莱塞被普遍认为是一个美国的博物学家）
A. naturalists （博物学家）
B. realists
C. modernists
D. romanticists
The book from which “all modern American literature comes” refers to _____.
（这本书的所有现代美国文学是指《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的冒险）
A. The Great Gatsby
B. The Sun Also Rises
C. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn
D. Moby Dick
（哈克贝里费恩历险记）
The American “Thirties”, lasted from the Crash(股市崩盘), through the ensuing Great Depression, until the outbreak (开始) of the Second World War in 1939. This was a period of ______.
（美国30多岁,持续崩溃,随之而来的大萧条,直到第二次世界大战爆发于1939年。这是一个所有上述的时期）
A. poverty
B. important social movements
C. a new social consciousness （意识）
D. all of the above（所有上述）
“The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by _________.
（在人群中这些面孔幽灵;花瓣洒在湿的时候,黑色的大树枝。这是最短的诗写的庞德）
A.T. S. Eliot
B. Robert Frost
C. Ezra Pound （伊兹拉·庞德）
D.
E. E. Cummings
Early in the 20th century, _______ published works that would change the nature of American poetry.
（在20世纪早期,庞德和t·s·艾略特发表作品,将改变美国诗歌的本质。）
A. Ezra Pound
B. T. S. Eliot
C. Robert Frost
D. Both A and B
The imagist writers followed three principles; they respectively are direct treatment, economy of
expression and ____________.
（意象派诗人作家遵循三个原则,它们分别是直接治疗,经济的表达和清晰的节奏）
A. clear rhythm（清晰的节奏）
B. blank verse
C. free verse
D. heroic couplet
“Two roads diverged in a yellow wood and sorry I could not travel both…” In the above two lines of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken, the poet, by implication, was referring to __________.
（黄色的树林里分出两条路,对不起我不能旅行都在上面的两行罗伯特·弗罗斯特年代没有选择的那条路,诗人,含义,指的是一个年代的生活）
A. a travel experience
B. a marriage decision
C. a middle-age crisis
D. on e’s course of life（一个年代的生活）
In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called ________ in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of one character.
（在福克纳年代喧嚣与愤怒,他使用了一种叫做意识流,整个故事被告知通过一个字符的想法）
A. stream of consciousness（意识流）
B. imagism
C. symbolism
D. naturalism
Yoknapatawpha county is an imagery land invented by _________.
（Yoknapatawpha县是一个意象土地由威廉·福克纳）
A. William Faulkner（威廉·福克纳）
B. Thomas Hardy
C. Balzac
D. Theodore Dreiser
_______ wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces: the old decaying (衰败的) upper class; the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous(厚颜无耻的)class of the “poor Whites”; and the Negroes who labored for both of them.
（福克纳写在南方社会的发明家庭代表不同的社会力量:旧的腐朽的上层阶级,上升,雄心勃勃,肆无忌惮的阶级的贫穷的白人,黑人的困难）
A. Faulkner（福克纳）
B. Fitzgerald
C. Hemmingway
D. Steinbeck
Passage 1
Whose woods these are I think I know, （我想我知道林子的主人是谁，
His house is in the village though. 他的房子是在村里。
He will not see me stopping here 他不会看到我停留于此，
To watch his woods fill up with snow. 伫望他的树林白雪无垠。）
…
The woods are lovely, dark and deep. （树林是可爱的,又黑又深。
But I have promises to keep, 但我有承诺保持，
And miles to go before I sleep. 和英里要走我的睡眠。
And miles to go before I sleep. 和英里要走我的睡眠。）
Questions:
1. Who is the Author of this poem? Robert Frost （罗伯特·弗罗斯特）
2. What does “sleep” refer to? death (死亡)
Passage 2
A Red, Red Rose
O my lu ve’s(love) like a red, red rose, (哦我的爱人(爱)像一个红色,红玫瑰
That’s newly sprung in June;六月里迎风初开;
O my luve’s like the melodie (悦耳的音乐)我的爱人像旋律
That’s sweetly play’d in tune. 这年代甜美d合拍。)
The Sick Rose
Rose, thou art (古英语，相当于you are) sick!
The invisible (无形的、看不见的) worm (虫子)
That flies in the night,
In the howling storm,
Has found out thy bed
Of crimson (深红色的、绯红色) joy
And his dark secret love
Does the life destroy.
Questions:
1. What does the ROSE stand for in both poems? love
2. In the second poem, why is the rose sick? Because of invisible worm (因为看不见的虫子)
3. Compare the image of rose in these two poems.
(In "a red, red rose, the rose is a symbol of beautiful love;And in the "the sick rose", it is a rose with pathological。
在《一朵红红的玫瑰》中，玫瑰象征着美丽爱情；而在《生病的玫瑰》，则是玫瑰以病态出现。)
Passage 3
Standing on the bare ground,—my head bathed by the blithe(快乐的) air, and uplifted into infinite (无限的) space,—all mean egotism (自私自利、自我中心) vanishes (消失). I become a transparent (透明的) eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate (循环) through me; I am part and particle of God.”
Questions:
1. Who wrote this passage? R. W. Emerson（r·w·爱默生）
2. Which book does this quoted passage come from? Nature（自然）
3. Can you retell the main idea of this passage in your own word? Oneness/harmony between human and nature（合一、人与自然之间的和谐）
1.Who is your favorite American writer? What is his/her masterwork? Why do you like
him/her? ( The writers and the works are not confined to (局限于) those we have mentioned in class.) (15 points)
2.What is the relationship between wars and American literature? (U.S. has gone through
the Independence War, the civil war, WWI, WWII, and the anti-terrorist war, you can choose one particular period to analyze or interpret it from a bird’s view.) (15 points)
3.What have you leaned from this elective（选修课）this term? And do you have any
suggestions for this class? (10 points)
你最喜欢哪一位美国作家？他（她）的代表作品是什么？为什么喜欢？
(I like Emerson, his masterwork is "nature".Because of his language alert and lively, full of wisdom and intelligence.
我最喜欢爱默生,他代表作品是《论自然》。因为他的语言机警活泼，充满智慧和灵性。)
简述美国文学与战争的关系。
(After the civil war to the end of the first world war, can lead to the development of American literature in the rise of realism, and the decline of the romantic period.
经过南北战争结束到第一次世界大战，导致美国文学处于现实主义的兴起、发展和浪漫主义的衰微阶段。)
谈谈通过一个学期的学习，自己的收获和对课程的建议。
(Through a semester of study, I learned a lot of famous American writers and their works.My suggestion is that the class can introduce literature writing background.
通过了一个学期的学习，我了解到很多有名的美国作家及其作品。我的建议是在上课可以介绍文学作品的写作背景。)
美国文学重点的名词解释
New England Transcendentalism: Philosophically, Transcendentalism means the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses. New England Transcendentalism stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature. Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is enabling and the individual is divine and therefore, self-reliant. The leading figure of New England Transcendentalism is Emerson and Thoreau. American Romanticism: It is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. Being a period of the great flowering of American literat ure, it is also called “the American Renaissance.” American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others. Free Verse: Poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme American Puritanism: The first settlers who came to America wer e called “Puritans”, so named after because they wished to “purify” the religious practice in the church. They established their own religious and moral principles as American Puritanism, which stressed predestination, original sin, total depravity, and li mited atonement from God’s grace. American Puritanism is one of the enduring influences in American thought and American literature. American Puritanism was greatly influenced by Calvinism. Symbolism: Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. American Literature: Literature refers to body of work which for whatever reason deserves to be preserved as part of the reproduction of meaning within a given culture. It mainly includes novel, drama, poetry, short stories, biography and some other forms. American Literature refers to literature written by Americans in English. Epic A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. Analysis "To a Waterfowl" is written in iambic trimeter and iambic pentameter, consisting of eight stanzas of four lines. The poem represents early stages of American Romanticism through celebration of Nature and God's presence within Nature. Bryant is acknowledged as skillful at depicting American scenery but his natural details are often combined with a universal moral, as in "To a Waterfowl" Figures of speech alliteration metaphor anaphora personification:
美国文学赏析
Ezra Pound (埃兹拉?庞德) In a Station of the Metro The apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petals on a wet,black bough.湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣 1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. 2.What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd. Robert Frost (1)Fire and Ice Some say the world will end in fire,有人说世界将终结于火, Some say in ice.有人说是冰。 From what I’ve tasted of desire，从我尝过的欲望之果 I hold with those who favor fire.我赞同倾向于火之说。 But if it had to perish twice,但若它非得两度沉沦 I think I know enough of hate.我想我对仇恨了解也够多 To know that for destruction ice可以说要是去毁灭,
美国文学复习大纲
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．殖民时期文学（The Literature of the Colonial Period） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1) 早期殖民地时期的文学的特点 2) 十八世纪美国文学的特点（重点是独立革命前后时期文学） 3) 主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 4) 术语：the colonial period, American Puritanism, Puritans, Enlightenment in American, the Great A wakening 2．主要作家作品 John Smith第一个美国作家 A True Relation of Virginia and General History of Virginia. Anne Bradstreet 殖民地时期女诗人 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650) Jonathan Edwards十八世纪上半叶大觉醒时代的代表人物 “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草《独立宣言》。十八世纪美国启蒙思想代言人。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac（收录格言警句） 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography （富兰克林原意为写给儿子的家书） Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《常识》Common Sense ( Paine 最知名的政论文：It was inspired by the first battle of the Revolutionary War—the Battle of Lexington in Concord.) 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的“革命诗人”。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》“The Rising Glo ry of America” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”（诗人自己被俘，关押于英国囚船的经历）
美国文学考试资料整理
一．The Literature of Colonial America(Puritanism) 1.The first English colony: Jamestown in Virginia in 1607 2.The first American writer: John Smith 3.Anne Bradstreet: first American woman poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; 二．Literature of Reason and Revolution War of Independence (1775-1783);The French and Indian War / the Seven Y ears’War(1756-1763) 1..Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography; Richard’s Almanac Maxims from Poor Richard’s Almanac (proverbs that give practical wisdom) 2..Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense: a strong push for the Revolution W ar; four parts (British enslavement of the colonies; praising democratic election; America’s economic and military potential to protect the rights of people) 3..Philip Freneau (1752-1832) The first American-born poet;“Poet of the American Revolution”, “Father of American Poetry”, the most significant poet of 18th century America W orks:The Wild Honey Suckle《野忍冬花》on mortality, The Indian Burying Ground 《印第安人殡葬地》on the imagined afterlife, The British Prison Ship《英国囚船》about his imprisoned experience. 三．Romanticism The American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil W ar. It started with the publication of W ashington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 1.Washington Irving (1783-1859) Literary status: the first American to earn an international reputation; Father of the American short stories The Sketch Book: winning him international popularity，the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. Major works: A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty under the name of “Diedrich Knickerbocker
常耀信美国文学知识点
Introduction 1. The Youngest National Literature 1781 (Independence War) --- 2012= about 200 years 2. Great achievement: 1930-1980, nine American writers won the Nobel Prize The Periods of American Literature 1.The colonial period (约1607 - 1765) 2. The period of enlightenment and Independence War (1765-1800) 3. The romantic period (1800 - 1865) 4. The realistic period (1865 - 1914) 5. The period of modernism (1914 - 1945) 6. The Contemporary Literature (1945 -) Chapter I Colonial America American Puritanism 1. The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans(most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects) 2. Strictness and austerity in conduct and religion Puritans‘ religio us belief: Calvinism ◆John Calvin, the great French theologian. The principal concepts: 1) Original sin and total depravity. 2) Predestination 3) Salvation of selected few ◆ The Puritans carried with them to America a code of values, a philosophy of life, and a point of view, which, in time, took root in the New world and became what is known as American Puritanism. (p11) The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature 1) Idealism（optimism） 2) Symbolism 3) Simplicity in writing Significance of Puritanism With time passing it became a dominant factor in American life, one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American Literature. To some extent it is a state of mind, a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes, rather than a set of tenets. Time: From the arrival of the first settlers in the early 17th century to the end of the 18th century Literary Features 1. Forms Personal literature in various forms --- diaries, histories, common books (札记)，journals, letters, travel books, sermons etc. 2. Content 1) practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people ―at home‖ what life was like in the new world 2) highly theoretical discussions of religious questions. 3. Style In Style, English literary traditions were imitated and transplanted. Early writers in the colonial period John Smith, a captain, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia; the writer of A Description of New England. William Bradford, the first governor of the Plymouth Plantation, his writing: Of Plymouth Plantation (P16) John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, In his famous speech A Model of Christian Charity ,he states that there was a agreement between God and his people of building a new Garden of Eden in the new world. (P17) Therefore let us choose life, 所以，让我们选择生活， that we and our seed 这样，我们和我们的后代， may live by obeying His 可以听从上帝的声音， voice and cleaving to Him, 须臾不离上帝， for He is our life and 因为，上帝是我们的生命， our prosperity. 我们的兴旺 1
美国文学赏析整理
一 I heard the merry grasshopper then sing, The black-clad cricket bear a second part, They kept one tune, and played on the same string, Seeming to glory in their little art. Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise? And in their kind resound their maker’s praise, Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays? “Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm, Close state I by a goodly River’s side, Where gliding streams the Rocks did overwhelm; A lonely place with pleasures dignifi’d. I once that lov’d the shady woods so well, Now thought the rivers did the trees excel, And if the sun would ever shine there would I dwell. “While musing thus with contemplation fed, And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain, The sweet tongu’d Philomel percht o’er my head, And chanted forth a most melodious strain, Which rapt me so with wonder and delight, I judg’d my hearing better than my sight. 题目：the 9th of Contemplations 作者：Anne Bradstreet 赏析： 1. Rhyme royal: sevenline iambic petametre 七行五步抑扬格 2. Rhyme: ababccc 3. Theme: religion 4. 象征：black-clad=death; abject=admitting defeat; maker= god 5. A genuine expression of poetic feeling in the presence of nature. The poem offers the reader an insight into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering in a new world. The poet heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, and she searched for her own soul accordingly. 6. She saw sth metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan 二 It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method. In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or
美国文学重点名词解释
学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 1. 2. 6.Transcendentalism: is literature，philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reaching against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world instead. Transcendentalism derived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy, and from such English authors as Carlyle，Coleridge, and Wordsworth. The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature and Self-Reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden. .Symbolism象征主义：It is the writing technique of using symbols. It's a literary movement that arose in France in the last half of the 19th century and that greatly influenced many English writer, particularly poets, of the 20th century. It enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word. It's one of the most powerful devices that poets employ in creation. 8.American naturalism：this term was created by Emile Zola. Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory played an important role in naturalism. In the works off naturalism，characters were conceived as complex combinations of inherited attributes and habits conditioned by social and economic forces. At th century，the end of the 19this pessimistic form of realism appeared in america. Naturalism attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness. Characters in the works of naturalism were dominated by their environment and heredity. Naturalism emphasized：the world was around；men had no free will；religious“truth”were illusory；the destiny of human beings was misery in life and oblivion in death. The dominant figures in naturalism were Stephen crane，Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser. 3.The lost generation: included the young English and American expatriates as well
美国文学考点整理
美国文学考点整理
1.Matches 作家作品：（或参考课本目录，黑色斜体为课本目录） The literature of Realism: Walt Whitman 沃尔特.惠特曼 Drum Taps (《桴鼓集》) Good-Bye, My Fancy ( 《再见，我的幻想》,) Leaves of Grass (《草叶集》) Passage to India ( 《通向印度之路》) Sequel to Drum Taps (《桴鼓集续集》) Song of Myself 《自己之歌》 I Sit and Look Out 《我坐在这儿眺望着》 Beat! Beat! Drum! 《敲呀！敲呀！鼓啊！》 Emily Dickinson 艾米莉.狄金森 I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed 《我品味未经酿造的饮料》 I felt a Funeral, in my Brain 《我感受了一场葬礼，在脑中》 A Bird came down the Walk 《鸟儿沿着小径过来》 I died for Beauty--- but was scarce《我为美而死》 I heard a Fly buzz- when I died 《我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声---在临死之前》Because I could not stop for Death 《因为我不能停下来等候死神》 I’m Nobody! Who are You? Success is Counted Sweetest Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽雅特.比彻.斯托 Uncle Tom's Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 Mark Twain 马克. 吐温 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆.索亚历险记》 .The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County ([k?l?‘ver?s] 《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》 2.Innocents Abroad (《傻子国外旅行记》) 3.Roughing It (《艰苦岁月》) 4.The Gilded Age (with Charles Dudley Waenner, 《镀金时代》与查尔斯·达德利·沃纳合写) 5.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (《汤姆·索耶历险记》) A Tramp Abroad (《国外流浪汉》) 7. The Prince and the Pauper (《王子与贫儿》) 8. Life on the Mississippi (《密西西比河上》) 9.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》) 10.The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson ( 《傻瓜威尔逊》) 11. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court ( 《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》) 12. The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg (《败坏赫德莱堡的人》) 13. What Is Man? (《人是什么》)
美国文学重点整理
美国文学重点整理 美国文学题型： 1.60分三篇小说，三个诗歌，作者，出处，作品分析 2.20分名词解释 3.20分论述 1. 20世纪美国文学发展的经济背景 关键词： Urbanization（new farm machines, rising productivity, rising leisure time）Industrialization(electric lights, camera, telephone, radio, type writer) Commercialization Globalization. Philosophy: Schopenhauer叔本华 Nietzsche 尼采 Jean Paul Freud 补充：Fitzgerald：tender is the night, all the sad young man, the rich boy, 2. What is Lost Generation? ①It is a term to describe a group of American intellectuals, poets, artists and writers who fled to France in the post WWI years to reject the values of American materialism and to seek the bohemian lifestyle in Paris. ②It is full of youthful idealism, seeking the meaning of life, drank excessively, have love affairs,creating some of the finest American literature to date. ③American poet Gertrude Stein coined this expression, speaking to Hemingway, she said, you are all a lost generation.the term stuck the mystique surrounding these individuals continues to fancy us. ④Main representatives: F. Scott.Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos 3. What is modernism? Main features. A cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, design, literature, music, dance,painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20century, particularly in the years following WWI. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late 19th century academic and historic tradition, and embraced the new economic ,social and political aspects of the emerging modern world. The avant-garde movements that followed including impressionism, post-impressionism, cubism（立体主义）, futurism, expressionism, contructivism（构
美国文学史全文赏析
The Scarlet Letter: Bathaniel Hawthorne Main characters Hester Prynne: the heroine of the novel. It is bot a praise of a Hester sinning, but a hymn on the moral growth of the woman when sinned against. Hen response to the adultery and the scarlet letter A is positive. Her life eventually acquires a real significance when she reestabilishes a meaningful relatinship with her fellowmen. An industrious, brave and unbending woman, she was once a sinner and later turned to a figure of high virtue. Dimmesdale: the unrevealed adulterer, on the other hand, is negative. He cuts himself off from society and withers spiritually as well as physically. And finally he dies an honest man. He dies in the end in her arms while confessing his sin at a public gathering. Only at the end if his life was he delivered from his sin and sense of guilt. Chillingworth:the real murderer of the story, who really commits “the Unpardonable Sin”. As a cold-natured physician,however, he designed a inhumane scheme if cold revenge by constantly tormenting the sinning soul of minister until the poor clergyman is tormented to death. He becomes a demon in his revenge, but the end of him is also tragic enough. Dimmesdale’s declar ation before his death, “Thou, too, hast deeply sinned!” is like God’s judgement on him and gives him a deadly blow. The last time we see him, he is kneeing down besides Dimmesdate,”with a blank, dull countenance, out of which the life seemed to hhave depa rted.” Features The symbolic significance of the A. A is symbolic of Hester’s moral development. At first, it is a token of shame, ”Adultery”. But then the genuine sympathy and help Hester offers to her fellow villagers changes it to “able”. Finally in th e story, the letter A appears in the sky, signifying “angel”. Inner minds description.All the major figures have complex psychologies. There is a sembalance of interior monologues which reveal their states of mind. Hawthorne’s influence has been great. T he psychological realism of Henry James may have taken its cue from Hawthorne’s descriptions of inner minds, and William Faulkner, clearly shows his indebtedness to him. Mobe Dick:Herman Melville The theme: 1, the human research for truth and meaning of existence; conflect between good and evil, between man and nature; alienation\ isolation, which exists in the life of Melville’s time on different levels, between man and man, man and society,and man and nature. 2, it is first a Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting against overwhelming odds in an indiffrefnt and even hostile universe. It represents the sum total of his bleak view of the world in which he lived. Man can observe and even manipulate to a certain degree, but he can’t influence and over come n ature at its source. Character Analysis