高考英语独立主格结构

独立主格结构

（所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。）

A)

1. Today ____( be ) Sunday, the library doesn’t open.

2. There _____( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.

3. The signal _____( give ), the bus started.

4. Weather ____ ( permit ), we’ll visit the Great Wall.

5. A teacher from England ____( teach ) us English, we’re sure to learn it well.

B)

6. With him ____( give ) us a lead, our team is to win.

7. With the worker ____( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.

8. Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody ____( stop ) them.

9. He was looking at the screen again, with the machine ____( turn ) on.

10. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _____( stare ) at her.

11. Now the patient could walk with the nurse ____( support ) him.

12. With the machinery _____( do ) all the work, we finished the task last month.

13. She lay on the grass with her eyes _____( close ).

14. You might catch a cold with your feet _____( expose).

3.现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：

Whomflns +sb do (经常性动作)

+sb doing sth.（正在进行）

+sth done（被动）

1.I used to see these boys ____( play ) on the playground.

2. I saw them _____( play ) the computer this afternoon.

3. Have you _____( heard ) this song _____( sing ) before?

4. She was surprised to find the house _____( break ) into when she went back home.

5. Unfortunately, he got his wallet _____( steal ) on the bus.

6. We are interested in hearing him _____( tell ) us the news.

7. He won’t have us _____( criticize ) him.

8. It’s a bad habit to leave the work ______( undo ).

9. Yesterday I caught him _____ ( take ) my dictionary when I went into the classroom.

10. He found his hometown _____.

A. greatly changed

B. had greatly changed

C. greatly changing

D. had greatly been changed

4. 分词作定语(不定式作定语）：

A) 1. Do you know the man _____ (speak ) at the meeting?

2. Do you know the man _____ ( praise ) at the meeting?

3. The building _____( put ) up last year is our library.

4. The building _____( put ) up now will be our new company.

5. The building _____( put ) up next year will be our new company.

6. There was an old temple _____ ( stand ) at the top of the hill.

7. There is a sports meeting _____ ( hold ) next Tuesday.

8. There was an old man ______( live ) in the village.

B) 1.He was the first person _____ (come) to the classroom this morning.

2.The only thing _____ (get )is the diamond necklace.

3.Everything _____ (do ) needs praising.

4. Do you have anything____( say )?

5. Here are some books for you _____( read ).

5. 作定语时，单个分词放在前面，分词短语放在后面。（注意语态）

1. The _____( surprise) news made us _____ (surprise).

2. The _____ ( interest ) man, Chaplin, interested us all.

3. The _____( excite ) football match attracted many football funs.

4. There appeared a _____( worry ) look on his face.

5. She tried to hide her _____( dissatisfy) expression in public.

6. The man _____ (stand) at the door is Tom.

注意：现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词表示的动作几乎同时发生。如两个

动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。

1. The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.

2. Yesterday, mother told me an event which happened five years ago.

a sleeping baby a sleeping car

使役性动词disappoint / excite / surprise / move / interest / puzzle…(Vt.) + sb.

1. The game _____ (interest) boys. The boys are ___________ the game.

The game is _______. I wonder why football _____ boys.

A. has interested

B. is interested in

C. interesting

D. interested

2. a _____ (wound) soldier; _____ (excite) news

3. a disappointing voice; a disappointed voice

4. _____ (excite) at the news, the boys rushed to watch the game.

5. _____ (Fill) with joy, I started off.

高考英语题型讲解全套资料库—独立主格结构

独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive） 独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构的功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：1) 表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。2）表示条件The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 3）表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 4）表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 常见的独立主格结构有如下几种： 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如： The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如： The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议 一结束，他们就都回家了。 6. 名词/主格代 词+介词短语。如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书 去教室。Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐 着，背对着门。 7. There being +名词（代词）如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没 有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 8. It being +名词（代词）如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同， 它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， 不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例：The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始 放假。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀 了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看 你。This done, we went home. 工作 完成后，我们才回家。The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会 议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他 回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。 如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别 开着窗睡觉。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿 着一本书走了进来。He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。 I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度 假。He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。 I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。使用独立主 格五点注意： 1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主 语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立 主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如： After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。 2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列 两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。 (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我 们去了做礼拜。 (2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因 为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。 3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词） ＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用 形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯 先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with 的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词 复合结构。) 独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构主要表 示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况 等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 1. 用作时间状语：The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完 成后，我们就回家了。 2. 用作条件状语：Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话， 他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 3. 用作 原因状语：An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个 重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 4. 用作伴随状语：He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在 草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 5.表示补充说 明：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两 个人的活。 *注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时， 相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因 时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相 当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。独立主格 结构妙题赏析请看下面一道题： Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that 【分析】 此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后 是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句 中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表 面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因 是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽 管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也 许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动 词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物 的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态， 所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选 择B（当然若将 seated 改为sitting，也应选 择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。 请再看一个类似的例子：(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. this D. that (2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that 第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C， 则该从句无谓语；第(2)应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translatedC。 再请看下面一例：(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多 了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故 应选B，则不能选C。 2001-2007上海英语高考卷中译英试题汇编 上海卷2001-1. 我们的祖国从来没像今天这样强 大。（Never…）2. 我们将作进一步的讨论，然后 再做出最终结论。（before）3. 据说那个湖底发 现了一个古城的遗迹。（discover）4. 这个地区的 经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人 意。（quality）5. 他们应从这事中吸取教训；玩

高中英语独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习测试40题(有答案)

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3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构

高中英语语法通霸3： 独立主格结构和with的复合结构 考点1.独立主格结构的构成 A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语 前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。 His homework was finished, he went out to play.× 这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为： His homework finished, he went out to play. 这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。 破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。 练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。 1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home. 2.He arrived at home. His face was red. 3.My homework was finished. I went out to play football with my friends. 4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me. 5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done. 6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home. B.独立主格结构的构成 ①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系） Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou tomorrow. ②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系） The test finished, we began our holiday. ③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来） He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. ④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit. ⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold. ⑥名词(代词) +介词短语 Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm. ⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子： ①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving. （前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构) 可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。 The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt. 背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。 在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。 但 with 的复合结构不受限制。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand. 1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settledB. settling C. to settle D. being settled 2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post office. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought 3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine. A. was cut off B. being cut off C. cut off D. having cut off 4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking 5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. A. AsB. ForC. WithD. By 6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted the words ______ in his heart for years. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding 10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to ZhongshanPark. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led 11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking after her. A. Being ill B. His wife was ill C. His wife being ill D. Because he was ill 12.______,John returned to school from his hometown. A. The summer vacation being over B. The summer

独立主格结构+英语句子结构.docx

独立主格结构 独立主格结构（ Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动 词(不定式、动名词和分词 )或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 详细概述 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主 语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用V-ing ， 被动用 V-ed 。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。独“ 立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、 条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done , she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件

The condition being favourable, he may succeed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxes, we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care,the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.工作完成后，我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

高考英语语法：独立主格

高考英语语法：独立主格 一.构成: n / pron.+ 不定式/ 现在分词/过去分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语. 其中前一部分是后一部分的逻辑主语 二.用法: 独立主格结构通常用逗号与主句隔开, 位置比较灵活, 主要用于书面语, 特别是文学体裁, 在口语中较为罕见. 独立主格结构在句中通常作状语, 表示方式, 时间, 原因, 条件等 独立主格结构都可变为with / without + O + OC的结构 1.n / pron +不定式 a. A num ber of officials f ollowed the emperor, some to hold his robe. 2. n / pron +现在分词 a. Today being Sunday, we have no school. b. Time permitting, we’ll stay longer. c. He lay on his back, his eyes looking straight upwar d. d. Spring having come, it is getting warmer and w armer. e. The last bus having gone, we had to walked home. 3. n / pron +过去分词 a. All things considered, I think I should not have taken the jo b. b. His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. c. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 4. n / pron +形容词 a. The manager sat quietly in the office, ( his ) eyes closed. 5. n / pron +副词 a. The meetin g over, all the workers went home.

高中英语独立主格结构

英语（必修4）Unit4语法导学：独立主格结构 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。 （such an able man和to help you是主谓关系）= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. A.不定式“独立主格结构” 1.动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing...) B.-ing形式“独立主格结构” 动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.） 1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. （相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready) 2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. （相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way） 3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits) 4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）C．-ed形式“独立主格结构” 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. = As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it. 【比较】动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The manager looks worried，many things to settle. （事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. （事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束） 二、动词独立主格结构 “逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。 A．逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.（the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being）【注意】独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 B．逻辑主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.（his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being）= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. C．逻辑主语+副词 School over, we all went home. （school和over之间省去了being）= School was over, and we all went home. D．逻辑主语+介词短语 He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us. 提示：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。 The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。 （= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.） 三、 with, without 引导的独立主格结构 介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。A.with+名词代词+形容词

高中英语语法(8)-独立主格结构

第八章独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和to help you 之间存在着主谓关系） = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”） = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost） = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A．不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 1．动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.） ——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ ——sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time. 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。 （＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.） The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 （＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”

高考英语 分词作状语独立主格

分词作状语-独立主格 分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。 例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。 Heated,ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)当冰加热时，它就会变成水。(条件、时间) Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因) I stood there, listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播。(伴随) The children went away laughing.(=The children went away.They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式) Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this...)他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。 (3)分词作状语与主语的关系。 A. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 例如：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 B. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 例如：Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。 (4)分词作状语时前面可用连词。 when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。 例如：When (being) free，I’ll fetch you.有空时，我会来接你。 While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。 If falling ill,I’ll see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生。 Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。 Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。 Though knowing the truth,he remained silent.虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。 Unless (being) rich,I am not going abroad.除非有钱，要不然我是不会出国的。 (5)分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。