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Unit 1 A land of diversity

apparent

adj.1) easy to notice [= obvious]明显的;显而易见的

it is apparent (that)

It soon became apparent that we had a major problem.

It has been apparent that in other areas standards have held up well.显然,这些标准在其他地区执行得很好。

it is apparent from something that

It is apparent from scientific studies that the drug has some fairly nasty side effects.

it is apparent to somebody that

It was apparent to everyone that he was seriously ill.

The presence of a star is already apparent in the early film. 在早期影片中已经显露出了明星相。

The difference in quality was immediately apparent.

for no apparent reason原因不明;不知何故

He left suddenly, for no apparent reason.

The person may become dizzy for no apparent reason. 这类人可能会莫名其妙地感到头晕。

2) seeming to have a particular feeling or attitude, although this may not be true.貌似的;表面上的;似乎真实的He did well in his exams, despite his apparent lack of interest in his work.

I was a bit depressed by our apparent lack of progress.我对我们看似缓慢的进展感到有些沮丧。

There is at last an apparent end to the destructive price war. 这场惨烈的价格战貌似终于结束了。

同义词辨析

apparent:强调显而易见或一想便知.这个词从动词appear派生而来,故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。obvious:语气较强,指极为明显,有目共睹,无需说明和论证。

evident:指根据事实成为显然的。

clear:普通用词,侧重清楚明白。

plain:普通用词,含义与clear很接近,可通用,但plain着重简单明了,不复杂。

distinct:较正式用词,指轮廓的清楚或定义、含义的明确,不会弄错。

definite:语气肯定,着重明白无误,无可怀疑。

manifest:语义较强,书面用词,强调一目了然,暗示不要任何推论就一清二楚。

apparently

1) [sentence adverb] used to say that you have heard that something is true, although you are not completely sure about it.

据说;未必真实地

Apparently the company is losing a lot of money.

I wasn't there, but apparently it went well.

Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.据说女孩们觉得整件事情一点也不好笑。

Oil prices fell this week to their lowest level in fourteen months, apparently because of over-production.

据说因为产量过剩,这个星期石油价格跌至14个月以来的最低点。

2) according to the way someone looks or a situation appears, although you cannot be sure.好像;似乎;看来

She turned to face him, her anger apparently gone.

The recent deterioration has been caused by an apparently endless recession.

看似永无止境的经济衰退导致了最近的恶化。

Rudolph said no more. Apparently he was a man of few words. 鲁道夫没再说话。看来他是个寡言少语的人。

slip

v.1) [vi] to slide a short distance accidentally, and fall or lose your balance slightly.滑;滑倒

Wright slipped but managed to keep hold of the ball.

Be careful not to slip. 小心,别滑倒了。

slip on

He slipped on an icy pavement.他在一条结了冰的人行道上滑了一跤。

2)[vi always + adverb/preposition] to go somewhere, without attracting other people's attention [= slide].

迅速而悄无声息地走(到某处);溜(到某处)

Ben slipped quietly out of the room.

Amy slipped downstairs and out of the house.埃米偷偷下楼溜出了房子。

She slipped into the driving seat and closed the door. 她溜进了驾驶座,关上了门。

One man managed to slip from the club as police arrived.

3)[vt always + adverb/preposition] to put something somewhere quietly or smoothly [= slide]

迅速而不被注意地放置;偷偷塞进

I slipped a note under Louise's door.我偷偷在路易斯的房门下面塞了一张便条。

He found a coin in his pocket and slipped it into her collecting tin.他摸到口袋里有一枚硬币,便匆匆丢进她的讨钱罐。

A letter had been slipped under his door.

Carrie slipped her arm through her brother's.

Just slip in a piece of paper. 只要塞进一张纸就行。

4)[vt] to give someone something secretly or without attracting much attention.偷偷地给;把…塞给

slip somebody something

I slipped him a ten-dollar bill to keep quiet.

Robert had slipped her a note in school.罗伯特在学校里偷偷地塞给她一张纸条。

slip something to somebody

Carr slips the ball to King who scores easily.

She looked round before pulling out a package and slipping it to the man.

她四下里看了看,然后拿出一个包裹,偷偷地塞给了这个男人。

5) [vi] to move smoothly, especially off or from something.滑落;脱落

As he bent over, the towel round his waist slipped.

His glasses had slipped.他的眼镜滑掉了。

The hammer slipped out of her grasp. 锤子从她的手中滑落。

slip off/down/from etc.

He watched the sun slip down behind the mountains.

The ring had slipped off Julia's finger.

Cally slipped from his grasp and fled.

6)[vi] if a knife or other tool slips, it moves so that it accidentally cuts the wrong thing.滑落

The knife slipped and cut his finger.

7) [vi] to become worse or lower than before.下降;下跌;变差

Shares slipped to 117p.股价跌至117 便士。

The club had slipped to the bottom of Division Four.该俱乐部已经跌为丁级组的最后一名。

Standards have slipped in many parts of the industry.

His popularity slipped further after a series of scandals.

In June, producer prices slipped 0.1% from May. 6 月的生产价格比5 月下降了0.1%。

You're slipping, Doyle! You need a holiday.

Overall business activity is slipping. 商业活动整体趋于萧条。

8)[vi always + adverb/preposition] to gradually start being in a particular condition [= fall]

不知不觉地转入(某种状态);逐渐陷入(某种情况)

slip into

He had begun to slip into debt.

She slipped into unconsciousness and died the next day.

It amazed him how easily one could slip into a routine.他惊异地发现人很容易在不知不觉中因循守旧起来。There was a 50-50 chance that the economy could slip back into recession. 经济再次陷入衰退的可能性是50%。The project has slipped behind schedule.

9)[vi&vt always + adverb/preposition] to put a piece of clothing on your body or take it off your body quickly and smoothly.迅速轻松地穿上/脱下

slip something off/on

Peter was already at the door slipping on his shoes.

I slipped off my woollen gloves. 我迅速地脱下了毛绒手套。

slip into/out of

She slipped out of her clothes and stepped into the shower.

She slipped out of the jacket and tossed it on the couch. 她麻利地脱下夹克,扔在了沙发上。

10)[vi, always + adverb/preposition] if time slips away, past etc. it passes quickly.(时间)快速流逝,溜走

slip away/past/by

The search for the missing child continued, but time was slipping away.

The hours slipped past almost unnoticed.

11) slip your mind/memory if something slips your mind, you forget it.被忘掉;被遗忘

I meant to buy some milk, but it completely slipped my mind.

The reason for my visit had obviously slipped his mind. 他显然已经忘掉了我的来意。

12) let something slip to say something without meaning to, when you had wanted it to be a secret.无意中泄露(秘密)

He let it slip that they were planning to get married.

13) [vt] to get free from something that was holding you.摆脱

The dog slipped his collar and ran away.

14) slip through the net British English slip through the cracks American English if someone or something slips through the net, they are not caught or dealt with by the system that is supposed to catch them or deal with them.

漏网; 没能引起注意

In a class of 30 children, it is easy for one to slip through the net and learn nothing.

Many people continue to slip through the net and into jostling crowds, with at most a thin handkerchief to stifle their incessant cough. 他写道:“许多人继续漏网,混迹于拥挤的人群中,最多使用一块手帕抑制他们不断的咳嗽。”On the other hand, if they slip through the net will also be released from the gel anti-viral substances "eradication."

另一方面,若有漏网之鱼,也会被凝胶释放出来的抗病毒物质“消灭”。

slip through If something slips through a set of checks or rules, it is accepted when in fact it should not be.蒙混过关

hardened troublemakers who have slipped through the security checks那些混过了安检的难缠的闹事者

The slightest little bit of inattention can let something slip through. 稍不留神就会让某些东西蒙混过关。

15) let something slip (through your fingers) to not take an opportunity, offer etc.从指间滑过(错过)

Don't let a chance like that slip through your fingers!

She really couldn't let such a bargain slip through her fingers. 她舍不得这个便宜。

We let the last chance of escape slip through our fingers. 我们错过了最后一次逃走的机会。

to slip through one's feet从某人手中溜掉

16 )slip one over on somebody informal especially American English to deceive or play a trick on someone.欺骗/捉弄某人

17) slip a disc/disk to suffer an injury when one of the connecting parts between the bones in your back moves out of place.椎间盘突出

phrasal verb

slip away

1) to leave a place secretly or without anyone noticing. 偷偷溜走/离开

2) if something such as an opportunity slips away, it is no longer available.(机会)流失;错过;溜走

This time, Radford did not let her chance slip away.

slip something ? in to use a word or say something without attracting too much attention.不失时机地插入

He had slipped in a few jokes to liven the speech up.

Slip in a few questions about other things.见缝插针地提几个题外的问题。

I cannot resist slipping in a word of advice. 我忍不住想插上一句建议。

slip out if something slips out, you say it without really intending to.无意中说出

I didn't mean to say it. The words slipped out.

slip up to make a mistake.搞错,弄错;出差错

The company apologized for slipping up so badly.

There were occasions when we slipped up.有时候我们也会出错。

You will see exactly where you are slipping up. 你会确切地知道自己哪里出了错。

slip up on

Someone had slipped up on the order.

slip-up [C] a careless mistake:

We cannot afford another slip-up.

WORD CHOICE:

slide, slip, skid

Slide means to move smoothly across a surface. You can talk about people, objects, or liquids sliding

?This floor's great for sliding on.

?The door slid open (NOT slided open).

? A tear slid down her cheek.

Slip means to accidentally slide a small distance, and usually then fall down

?She slipped and hurt her wrist.

?It's icy - mind you don't slip.

Skid means to move across a smooth surface in an uncontrolled way. You usually use it to talk about vehicles

?Cars skidded on the snow.

?Jason skidded around the corner on his bike.

n.1)[C] a small or narrow piece of paper.片;条

a slip of paper

an order slip

a betting slip

credit card slips. 信用卡刷卡单

little slips of paper he had torn from a notebook他从笔记本上撕下来的一张张小纸片

I put her name on the slip. 我在纸条上记下了她的名字。

2 [C] a small mistake.失误

Molly knew she could not afford to make a single slip.

3) slip of the tongue/pen a small mistake you make when you are speaking or writing, especially by using the wrong word.口误/笔误

It was just a slip of the tongue.

Freudian slip [C]something you say that is different from what you intended to say, and shows your true thoughts. (尤指潜意识性情感驱使的)失言,口误

'I've never loved, I mean I've never stopped loving, my mother. ''Was that a Freudian slip?'

“我从没爱过,我是说我从没停止爱过我母亲。”“这是口误,还是你的真实想法?”

She called the hydrogen bomb the ultimate detergent—an obvious Freudian slip.

她把氢弹说成了最终的清洁剂,显然这是无意中说漏嘴的错误。

4) give somebody the slip informal to escape from someone who is chasing you.逃脱;摆脱;避开

Somehow she'd given them the slip.

He gave reporters the slip by leaving at midnight. 他在午夜时分离开,避开了记者的追踪。

5) [C] a piece of underwear, similar to a thin dress or skirt, that a woman wears under a dress or skirt.

(女裙的)衬裙,薄裙

a white silk slip

6) [C usually singular] an occasion when something becomes worse or lower.下降,下滑

slip in

a slip in house prices

7)[C] an act of sliding a short distance or of falling by sliding.滑,滑倒

8) a slip of a girl/boy etc.old-fashioned a small thin young person - often used humorously.瘦小的年轻人

He's a mere slip of a lad compared to his brother. 跟他哥哥一比,他不过是个小毛孩。

She was just a slip of a thing. 她才是个小丫头。

9) [C usually plural] a part of the field where players stand, trying to catch the ball in cricket

10)[U] technical a mixture of clay and water that is used for decorating pots.混凝土

distinction

n.1) 分别;差别;不同

a. [C] a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related.

b.[U] the separation of people or things into different groups.

distinction (between A and B)

the distinction between formal and informal language

distinctions between traditional and modern societies

All groups are entitled to this money without distinction.

There are obvious distinctions between the two wine-making areas.两个酿酒地区之间有着显著的差别。

The distinction between craft and fine art is more controversial. 对手工艺和美术之间的差别争议更大。

clear/sharp distinction

There is often no clear distinction between an allergy and food intolerance.

make/draw a distinction

The Act/new law makes no distinction between children and adults (=treats them equally).

Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science.

I did not yet make a distinction between the pleasures of reading and of writing fiction.

我还没有搞清楚阅读的快乐和写小说的快乐有何不同。

We need to draw a distinction between the two events.

He draws a distinction between art and culture. 他区分了艺术和文化的不同。

2)[U]the quality of being excellent or important.卓越;杰出;优秀

a writer of distinction

pieces of furniture of distinction. 一件件精美家具

Eliot's distinction as a poet

Lewis emerges as a composer of distinction and sensitivity. 刘易斯作为一位悟性很高的优秀作曲家崭露头角。3) [singular] the quality of being something that is special.特质;特点

have/earn/achieve etc. the distinction of doing something

At that time, it had the distinction of being the largest bridge in the UK.

The US enjoys the dubious distinction of being the lawsuit capital of the world.

She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.

He has the distinction of being regarded as the Federal Republic's greatest living writer.

他才华横溢,被誉为联邦共和国目前尚在世的最伟大的作家。

4) [C&U]a special mark/grade or award that is given to somebody, especially a student, for excellent work.

特殊奖励;荣誉;光荣

Naomi got a distinction in maths.

The order was created in 1902 as a special distinction for eminent men and women.

该勋位设立于1902年,作为一项殊荣授予杰出的男性和女性。

I did an M.A. at Liverpool University in Latin American Studies and got a distinction.

我在利物浦大学以优异成绩获得了拉丁美洲研究方向的硕士学位。

with distinction

He obtained a law doctorate with distinction.

He graduated with distinction.

distinct

adj.1)clearly different or belonging to a different type.有区别的;不同的;个别的

two entirely distinct languages

distinct types/groups/categories etc.

There are four distinct types.

distinct from

The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.

Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science.

工程学和工艺学互不相同,也有别于自然学科。

This book is divided into two distinct parts. 这本书分为内容不同的两部分。

2)as distinct from something截然不同于;完全不同于;有区别于

used to make it clear that you are not referring to a particular kind of thing, but to something else:

a movie star, as distinct from an actor

There's a lot of evidence that oily fish, as distinct from fatty meat, has a beneficial effect.

有许多证据表明油性鱼,与高脂肪肉不同,对人体有益。

3)something that is distinct can clearly be seen, heard, smelled etc.清楚的;清晰的;明显的

The outline of the ship became more distinct.

to impart a distinct flavour with a minimum of cooking fat. 用最少量的食用油来调出一种独特的口味

4) [only before noun] a distinct possibility, feeling, quality etc. definitely exists and cannot be ignored.

确定无疑的;确切的;清楚的;显著的;明显的

a distinct lack of enthusiasm

I got the distinct impression he was trying to make me angry.

There is a distinct possibility that this will eventually be needed.

Another Cup marathon between the two sides is now a distinct possibility.

双方很可能再进行一场马拉松式的优胜杯比赛。

Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude.

由于托尼不在场了,她的态度有了明显的转变。

I have distinct memories of him in his last years. 我清楚地记得他最后几年的情况。

Being 6ft 3in tall has some distinct disadvantages! 身高6英尺3英寸有些明显的不便之处!

distinctive

adj. having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize.独特的;特别的;有特色的a rock band with a distinctive sound

the distinctive odour of chlorine. 氯气特有的气味

His voice was very distinctive. 他的声音很特别。

—distinctively adverb

the distinctively fragrant taste of elderflowers接骨木花特有的芳香

Each room is distinctively decorated with light, bright colours and floral prints.

每个房间都以淡雅或鲜艳的颜色和印花图案装饰成独特的风格。

—distinctiveness noun [U]

His own distinctiveness was always evident at school. 他在学校总是表现得与众不同。

distinctly

adv.1) clearly.清楚地

Speak clearly and distinctly.

He distinctly remembered the day his father left.

I distinctly heard the loudspeaker calling passengers for the Turin-Amsterdam flight.

我清楚地听到扩音器里在请都灵至阿姆斯特丹航班的旅客登机。

I distinctly remember wishing I had not got involved. 我清楚地记得希望自己没有被牵扯进去。

2) very.极其,非常

Paul was left feeling distinctly foolish.

distinctly uncomfortable/uneasy/unhappy etc.

3) used to say that something has a particular quality or character that is easy to recognize.明显的

dishes with a distinctly Jewish flavour

a banking industry with two distinctly different sectors. 涉足两个截然不同领域的银行业

His government is looking distinctly shaky. 他的政府显然正处于风雨飘摇之中。

means

n.1) [C] an action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way of achieving or doing something.

方法;手段;工具(means 用于此意时单复数同形)

means (of something/of doing something)

Television is an effective means of communication.

Is there any means of contacting him?

Have you any means of identification?

We needed to get to London but we had no means of transport.

2) [plural]the money that a person has.收入;财富;金钱

a man of means (= a rich man)

People should pay according to their means.

He doesn't have the means to support a wife and child.

超出财力;入不敷出/在财力之内;量入为出If someone is living beyond their means, they are spending more money than they can afford. If someone is living within their means, they are not spending more money than they can afford.

Private school fees are beyond the means of most people (= more than they can afford).

Are the monthly repayments within your means (= can you afford them)?

Try to live within your means (= not spend more money than you have).

The more gifts she received, the more she craved, until he was living beyond his means.

得到的礼物越多,她的胃口就越大,直到他捉襟见肘为止。

It is far better to pay off old debts steadily by living within your means.

量入为出地一步步偿还旧债,这个方法要好得多。

IDIOMS

by all means used to say that you are very willing for somebody to have something or do something.当然可以;完全可以

‘Do you mind if I have a look?’ ‘By all means.’

by means of something (formal) with the help of something用;以;通过

The load was lifted by means of a crane.

by no means| not by any (manner of) means not at all决不;丝毫不;一点儿也不

This is by no means out of the ordinary.这丝毫不足为奇。

They were not finished, however, not by any means. 不过,他们并没有结束,绝对没有。

She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.

We haven't won yet, not by any means.

a means to an end a thing or action that is not interesting or important in itself but is a way of achieving something else

达到目的的手段

He doesn't particularly like the work but he sees it as a means to an end.

We seem to have lost sight of the fact that marketing is only a means to an end.

我们似乎忽略了这样一个事实:营销只是达到目的的手段。

majority

n.1) [singular + singular or plural verb] the largest part of a group of people or things. (→minority)多数;大多数majority (of somebody/something)

The majority of my patients come to me from out of town.大多数来找我看病的患者都是外省人。

The vast majority of our cheeses are made with pasteurised milk.

我们生产的绝大部分奶酪都是用巴氏消毒过的牛奶制成的。

As a fuel it is preferred by top chefs and is used in the majority of British homes.

这种燃料得到了顶级大厨的青睐,并得以在英国大多数家庭里广泛使用。

Still, a majority continue to support the treaty. 大多数人依然支持这份条约。

The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.

The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.

This treatment is not available in the vast majority of hospitals.

a majority decision (= one that is decided by what most people want)

★If a group is in a majority or in the majority, they form more than half of a larger group.占多数;拥有多数;过半数

Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority. 调查表明,该条约的支持者仍然占大多数。In the nursing profession, women are in a/the majority.

2)[C] (British English)the number of votes by which one political party wins an election; the number of votes by which one side in a discussion, etc. wins.多数票;超过对方的票数

She was elected by/with a majority of 749.

Members of parliament approved the move by a majority of ninety-nine,议员以99张的多数票批准了这项动议。

a clear (= large) majority

According to most opinion polls, he is set to win a clear majority.

从大多数民意调查的结果来看,他很有可能以绝对多数票胜出。

majority (over somebody)

They had a large majority over their nearest rivals.

The government does not have an overall majority (= more members than all the other parties added together).

The resolution was carried by a huge majority.

The Trust's annual meeting has decided by a narrow majority to ban deer hunting.

国民托管组织的年度会议以微弱的多数票决定禁止猎鹿。

3) [C] (North American English)the difference between the number of votes given to the candidate who wins the election and the total number of votes of all the other candidates.超出其余各方票数总和的票数

4)[U] (law)the age at which you are legally considered to be an adult.法定成年年龄

The age of majority in Britain was reduced from 21 to 18 in 1970.

Once you reach your majority, you may do what you damned well please. 等你成年后,就可以随心所欲了。Usage note: V oting in elections

Running for election

conduct/hold an election/a referendum

(especially North American English) run for office/election/governor/mayor/president/the White House (especially British English) stand for election/office/Parliament/the Labour Party/a second term

hold/call/contest a general/national election

launch/run a presidential election campaign

support/back a candidate

sway/convince/persuade voters/the electorate

appeal to/attract/woo/target (North American English) swing voters/(British English) floating voters

fix/rig/steal an election/the vote

Voting

go to/be turned away from (especially British English) a polling station/(North American English) a polling place cast a/your vote/ballot (for somebody)

vote for the Conservative candidate/the Democratic party

mark/spoil your ballot paper

count (British English) the postal votes/(especially North American English) the absentee ballots

go to/be defeated at the ballot box

get/win/receive/lose votes

get/win (60% of) the popular/black/Hispanic/Latino/Muslim vote

win the election/(in the US) the primaries/a seat in Parliament/a majority/power

lose an election/the vote/your majority/your seat

win/come to power in a landslide (victory) (= with many more votes than any other party)

elect/re-elect somebody (as) mayor/president/an MP/senator/congressman/congresswoman

Taking power

be sworn into office/in as president

take/administer (in the US) the oath of office

swear/take (in the UK) an/the oath of allegiance

give/deliver(in the US) the president's inaugural address

take/enter/hold/leave office

appoint somebody (as) ambassador/governor/judge/minister

form a government/a cabinet

serve two terms as prime minister/in office

occur

v.1) [vi] (formal)to happen.发生

When exactly did the incident occur?

Something unexpected occurred.

If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.

如果只是在晚上头疼,那常常是由于缺乏新鲜空气和氧气的缘故。

The crash occurred when the crew shut down the wrong engine.机务人员关错了引擎,随即飞机坠毁。

In March 1770, there occurred what became known as the Boston Massacre.

1770年3月在那里发生了后来闻名的波士顿惨案。

2) [vi] + adverb/preposition to exist or be found somewhere.存在;出现;有

Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.

The cattle disease occurs more or less anywhere in Africa where the fly occurs.

在非洲凡是有这种蝇虫的地方,几乎都会出现这一牛病。

These snails do not occur on low-lying coral islands or atolls. 在地势低平的珊瑚岛或环礁上没有这种螺。

occur to somebody (of an idea or a thought)to come into your mind.(想法或主意)被想到,被想起,浮现于脑海中The idea occurred to him in a dream.

The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth. 伊丽莎白也想到了这个主意。

occur that…

It didn't occur to him that his wife was having an affair.

It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.我想到可以让人把书寄给我。

occur to do something

It didn't occur to her to ask for help.

It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.我没有想到要核实我的保险单条款。

nowhere

adv.1) not in any place or to any place.任何地方都不;没有别的地方会

nowhere to go/live/sit etc.

I have no job and nowhere to live.

Nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than in the US.

2) get/go nowhere to have no success or make no progress.(使)毫无结果;(使)一无进展

The proposal went nowhere in the Senate.

We discussed it all morning but got nowhere.

My mind won't stop going round and round on the same subject and I seem to be getting nowhere.

我脑子一直在不停地围绕着同一个问题转啊转,但一无所获。

get nowhere with somebody/something

He was getting nowhere with the Bentley case.

get somebody nowhere

A negative attitude will get you nowhere.

Talking to him will get you nowhere.

I soon realized that being tough was getting me nowhere fast (=was not helping me achieve anything).

3) be nowhere to be seen/found also be nowhere in sight to not be in a place, or not be seen or found there.

不见踪影;无处可见;无处可寻

The children were nowhere to be seen.

Typical - another street crime and the police are nowhere to be seen.

A peace settlement is nowhere in sight (= is not likely in the near future) .近期内看不到和平解决的可能。

4) nowhere near

a) a long way from a particular place.离……很远

He swore he was nowhere near her house on the night she died.

b) not at all根本不;差得远; 远不及

nowhere near ready/full/finished etc.

The building's nowhere near finished.

She's nowhere near as pretty as you are.

He's nowhere near recovered yet from his experiences.他还远没有从自己的经历中走出来。

The chair he sat in was nowhere near as comfortable as the custom-designed one behind his desk.

他坐的那把椅子远不如他书桌后面那把定做的舒服。

来自牛津

not anywhere near/nowhere near far from; not at all

The job doesn't pay anywhere near enough for me.

5) out of/from nowhere happening or appearing suddenly and without warning.突然(发生);一下子(冒出来)

In the last few seconds, Gunnell came from nowhere to win another gold medal.

From out of nowhere he asks me to marry him!

A car came from nowhere, and I had to jump back into the hedge just in time.

一辆轿车不知从什么地方突然冒了出来,我只得向后跳到树篱中躲避,险些躲不及。

Houses had sprung up out of nowhere on the hills. 山丘上突然冒出一幢幢的房子。

! Do not use another negative word (e.g. 'not') with nowhere. Use anywhere with not: We had nowhere to go. | We didn't have anywhere to go.

6)lead (somebody) nowhere to have no successful result for somebody.不会有什么结果;一无所获

This discussion is leading us nowhere.

But that lead me nowhere 但这使我走投无路

7)the middle of nowhere a place that is a long way from other buildings, towns, etc.遥远偏僻处,偏远的地方She lives on a small farm in the middle of nowhere.她住在一个偏远的小农场。

At dusk we pitched camp in the middle of nowhere. 黄昏时,我们在茫茫荒野中扎营。

hire

v.1) British English to pay money to borrow something for a short period of time [= rent American English](短期)租用

The best way to explore the island is to hire a car.

To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence.租车须出示护照及有效驾照。

What does it cost to hire a boat for a week?

Her hired car was found abandoned at Beachy Head. 她那辆租来的车被发现遗弃在比奇角。

2)雇用○a to employ someone for a short time to do a particular job:

Employers hire skilled people on fixed-term contracts.

the mystery assassin (who turned out to be a hired killer). 神秘刺客(最终被证实是一名雇用杀手)

hire somebody to do something

A City lawyer has been hired to handle the case.

Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing the organisers.

有16名参赛者已经请了律师,正在起诉主办方。

○b American English to employ someone:

Businesses may only hire foreign workers where an American cannot be found.

the power to hire and fire (=employ and dismiss people)

The rest of the staff have been hired on short-term contracts.其余的工作人员签的是短期雇用合同。

He will be in charge of all hiring and firing at PHA. 他将负责公共房产管理局所有人员的雇用和解聘事务。

hire something ? out

1) to allow someone to borrow something for a short time in exchange for money.租出;出租

Companies hiring out narrow boats report full order books.出租运河小船的各公司称船已预订一空。

His agency hires out security guards and bodyguards. 他这家中介公司有保安和保镖可供雇用。

hire something ? out to

a little company that hires out boats to tourists

2) hire yourself out to arrange to work for someone.受雇

They were so poor they had to hire themselves out on the farms.

Farm labour used to hire themselves out for the summer. 农业工人过去经常整个夏天在外面打工。

WORD CHOICE:

rent, hire, lease

Rent is used to talk about paying to live in or use a building that is owned by someone else

◇We rented an apartment together.

In American English, you also rent a car or electrical equipment. ◇The TV is rented.

In British English, you can use rent or hire, but it is more usual to say that you hire a car

◇You can hire a car at the airport.

Lease is used to talk about renting buildings, cars, or equipment over a long period of time, especially for business use ◇If you upgrade computers regularly, it may work out cheaper to lease them.

n.[U]British English an arrangement in which you pay a sum of money to borrow something for a short time.

租赁(业);出租(业务)

a car hire company

for hire供出租;待租

boats for hire

Fishing tackle is available for hire. 有钓具可供出租。

in AM, usually use 美国英语通常用for rent

on hire出租的,供出租的

The crane is on hire from a local firm.

He has horses on hire.他有马匹出租。

ply for hire/trade/business British English to try and get customers or passengers, in order to do business.招徕顾客,等生意

Continental airlines ply for trade in the UK.

taxis plying for hire outside the theatre 在剧院外招揽乘客的出租车

indicate

v.1) [vt] to show that a particular situation exists, or that something is likely to be true.表明;说明

The study indicates a connection between poverty and crime.

Our vote today indicates a change in United States policy.我们今天的选举表明了美国政策的一种变化。

This indicates whether remedies are suitable for children. 由此可以看出治疗方法是否适合儿童。

indicate (that)

Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.

Long skid marks on the pavement indicated the driver had attempted to brake.

A survey of retired people has indicated that most are independent and enjoying life.

对退休人员的调查表明,大部分人都自食其力,享受生活。

2) [vt] to say or do something to make your wishes, intentions etc. clear.暗示,间接提及

The Russians have already indicated their willingness to cooperate.

Professor Johnson has indicated his intention to retire at the end of next year.

indicate (that)

Ralph patted the sofa to indicate that she should join him.

Please indicate your preference on the booking form.

3) [vt] to direct someone's attention to something or someone, for example by pointing.指示;指出

'That's her,' said Toby, indicating a girl on the other side of the room.

He indicated a chair. 'Sit down.' 他指着一把椅子说,“坐下。”

Pelham moved across to indicate a wall chart. 佩勒姆走过去指着一张挂图。

4)[vt] to represent something.是…的标志;象征;反映;显示,标示

Sales targets are indicated on the graph by a vertical dotted line.

Dreams can help indicate your true feelings.梦可以反映你的真实感情。

His language indicates a poor education. 他的言语反映出他没受过多少教育。

5)[vi&vt ]British English to show the direction in which you intend to turn in a vehicle, using lights or your hands [= signal](驾车时)打转向灯指示转弯

Don't forget to indicate before you pull out.

He told us when to indicate and when to change gear. 他告诉我们何时打转向灯、何时换挡。

He indicated left and then turned right. 他打出的是左转信号,然后却向右转了。

6)[usually passive] (formal) to be necessary or recommended 有必要;被建议

A course of chemotherapy was indicated. 建议进行化疗。

7)(of an instrument for measuring things 测量器具)to show a particular measurement 显示(量度)

When the temperature gauge indicates 90°F or more, turn off the engine.

当温度计显示90华氏度或以上时,关闭发动机。

[also V wh-]

8)to give information in writing 写明;注出

You are allowed 20kgs of baggage unless indicated otherwise on your ticket.

除非票上另有注明,否则可携带行李为20公斤。

Please indicate clearly which colour you require. 请标明您要求的颜色。

9)to represent information without using words 显示(信息);标示

The results are indicated in Table 2. 结果列在表2中。

Usage note: declare

state indicate announce

These words all mean to say something, usually firmly and clearly and often in public.

以上各词均含表明、宣称、宣布之义。

declare (rather formal) to say something officially or publicly; to state something firmly and clearly指公布、宣布、表明、宣称::to declare war宣战◇The painting was declared to be a forgery.这幅画被判定为赝品。

state (rather formal) to formally write or say something, especially in a careful and clear way指陈述、说明、声明: He

has already stated his intention to run for election.他已声明打算参加竞选。

indicate (rather formal) to state something, sometimes in a way that is slightly indirect指表明、暗示: During our meeting, he indicated his willingness to cooperate.在我们会晤期间,他提及了合作的意愿。

announce to tell people officially about a decision or plans; to give information about something in a public place, especially through a loudspeaker; to say something in a loud and/or serious way指宣布、宣告、(通过广播)通知: They haven't formally announced their engagement yet.他们还没有正式宣布订婚。◇Has our flight been announced yet?

广播通知了我们的航班没有?

declare or announce?

Declare is used more often for giving judgements; announce is used more often for giving facts:

declare较常用于表明意见、看法;announce 较常用于说明事实:

The painting was announced to be a forgery.◇They haven't formally declared their engagement yet.

to declare/state/indicate/announce that…

to declare/state somebody/something to be something

to declare/state/indicate/announce your intention to do something

to declare/state/announce something formally/publicly/officially

to declare/state/announce something firmly/confidently

indication [U&C ]迹象;暗示

a sign, remark, event etc. that shows what is happening, what someone is thinking or feeling, or what is true. indication of

Dark green leaves are a good indication of healthy roots.

He gave no indication of his own feelings at all.

Could you give me some indication as to when I am likely to receive a reply?

indication (that)

Taking a career history along with you will be a clear indication that you are well organized.

Indications are that the situation hasn't improved much.

All the indications are that we are going to receive reasonable support from abroad.

所有迹象都表明,我们将从国外获得有力支持。

There is every indication (=there are very clear signs) that it is true.

He gave no indication that he was ready to compromise. 他没有妥协的意思。

reform

v.1) [vt] to improve a system, law, organization etc. by making a lot of changes to it, so that it operates in a fairer or more effective way.改良;革新;变革;改革

plans to radically reform the tax system

A reformed party would have to win the approval of the people. 一个革新的政党需要赢得人民的认可。

2) [vi&vt] to change your behaviour and become a better person, or to make someone do this.

(人)洗心革面;(使)改过自新;改造

Greeley says he's a genuinely reformed character.

When his court case was coming up, James promised to reform.他的案子即将开审的时候,詹姆斯保证会改过自新。We will try to reform him within the community. 我们将尽力在社区内部对他进行改造。

a reformed criminal

a reformed alcoholic. 改过自新的酒鬼

WORD FOCUS: change

to change something: alter, adapt, adjust, amend, modify, revise, vary

to change a system or organization: restructure, reorganize, reform

to change something completely: transform, revolutionize

to change facts or information, or change what someone has said: twist, distort, misrepresent

easily changed: flexible, adaptable

impossible to change: fixed, final, irrevocable

n.[U&C]a change or changes made to a system or organization in order to improve it.变革;改革;革新;改良

Reforms were made to revive the economy.

reform of

a reform of the legal system

He has urged reform of the welfare system.他极力主张进行福利制度改革。

economic/political/educational reform

The government announced a much-needed programme of economic reform.

The party embarked on a programme of economic reform.这个党开始进行经济改革。

far-reaching/sweeping/radical reforms

The Prime Minister is calling for sweeping reforms of the NHS.

The Socialists introduced fairly radical reforms. 社会主义者推行了相当激进的改革。

re-form

[vi&vt]to start to exist again or to make something start to exist again.(使)改组;重新组成

When an organization, group, or shape re-forms, or when someone re-forms it, it is created again after a period during which it did not exist or existed in a different form.

At the end of the year, the company re-formed.

The official trades union council voted to disband itself and re-form as a confederation.

这个官方的工会委员会投票决定解体然后重新组成联盟。

The 40-year-old singer reformed his band. 这个40岁的歌手重组了他的乐队。

take in

take somebody/something ? in

1) deceive;cheat 欺骗

The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies.营业员发现很容易欺骗老年妇女。

He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.他一定是用他在墨西哥的经历来欺骗我们。Don't trust that fellow;he'll take you in if he gets the chance.别相信那个家伙,他一有机会就会使你上当。

Don't be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.

We were completely taken in by his story.我们完全被他的谎言欺骗了。

accept without question;believe 毫不怀疑地接受;轻信

The poor man takes in all the lies she tells him.那可怜的人相信了她告诉他的所有谎言。

The magician did many tricks,and the children took them all in.魔术师变了许多魔术,孩子们都信以为真。

2)take somebody ? in to let someone stay in your house because they have nowhere else to stay.

receive and accommodate as a guest or as a boarder in one's house; give shelter to 在家里接待客人或搭伙者;收容Our hotel is full,we can't take in any more guests.我们的旅馆已经客满,不能再接待客人了。

After the death of her husband she had to take in boarders.在她丈夫死后,她不得不接纳搭伙的人。

The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless child.这位好心的老太太主动提出收留那个无家可归的穷孩子。Brett's always taking in stray animals.

3) take something ? in to understand and remember new facts and information [= absorb](understand; grasp)理解

He watches the older kids, just taking it all in.

His eyes quickly took in the elegance of her dress.

We need some time to take the situation in.我们需要一些时间来弄清情况。

This book is so difficult that I'm tired;I can't take in what the author means.这本书很难,我无法理解作者的意思。

I tried my best to explain the matter to him,but he still couldn't take in what I was saying.

我尽最大努力向他解释这件事,但他仍然不能理解我在说什么。

4) take something ? in American English to collect or earn a particular amount of money [= take British English]收入,进账

If a shop, restaurant, theatre, or other business takes in a certain amount of money, they get that amount from people buying goods or services.

Our shop takes in twice as much money every day as it used to.我们商店每天的收入是过去的两倍。

5) to visit a place while you are in the area.把…排入旅程,参观,游览

They continued a few miles further to take in Hinton House.

They will take in the sights of the city tomorrow.他们明天将要游览这个城市的名胜。

6) American English old-fashioned if you take in a show, play etc., you go to see it.观看, 出席(watch ,view ,see ,catch)

Let's have lunch here and then take in a movie.我们在这儿吃午饭,然后去看场电影。

We took in a few musicals in London.我们在伦敦观看了几场音乐剧。

7)take somebody ? in British English old-fashioned if the police take someone in, they take them to a police station to ask them questions about a crime.拘留

All five teenagers were arrested and taken in for questioning.

8)take something ? in to make a piece of clothing fit you by making it narrower [≠let out]

make narrower;make smaller;reduce the size or measurement(of garments)改小(服装)

This skirt is too loose at the waist;I shall have to get the dressmaker to take it in.

这条裙子腰围太宽了,我要让裁缝改小一点。

This dress needs to be taken in a bit at the neck.这件衣服的领子要改小一些。

9)include 包括,涉及

The study of physics takes in many different subjects.物理学的研究包含了很多不同的科目。

I think this list takes in everybody.我想这个名单是包括了所有的人。

This love of our country takes in our families,relations,friends and acquaintances.

这种对我们国家的爱也包括了对我们的家庭、亲戚、朋友以及我们所认识的人的爱。

The article takes in every aspect of the labour problem.这篇文章涉及了劳工问题的各个方面。

This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.这是假期的总开支,包括了所有的费用。

10)especially British English subscribe to;receive and pay for regularly 订阅(报刊、杂志等)

Which newspaper do you take in?你订阅什么报纸?

I take in China Daily.我订《中国日报》。

11)see at a glance;observe keenly 一眼看清;敏锐地观察到,注意到

He took in what was happening and decided to get away quickly.他一眼就明白了是怎么回事,于是决定立即脱身。The police officer took in every detail of the room at a glance.警官一眼就把屋里的每个细小的地方都敏锐地看到了。

12)accept(work)into one's house to be done for pay. 接活在家做,领(活计)到家里做

She took in sewing and washing to earn a little.她接缝洗活儿在家里做,来挣一点钱。

She scraped along by taking in sewing.她在家替人做针线活勉强糊口。

教读书笔记摘抄加感悟

教读书笔记摘抄加感悟 教读书笔记摘抄加感悟 1、摘自席慕容《桐花》 在低低的呼唤声传过之后,整个世界就覆盖在雪白的花荫下了。 丽日当空,群山绵延,簇簇的白色花朵象一条流动的江河。仿佛世间所有的生命都应约前来,在这刹那里,在透明如醇蜜的阳光下,同时欢呼,同时飞旋,同时幻化成无数游离浮动的光点。 这样的一个开满了白花的下午,总觉得似曾相识,总觉得是一场可以放进任何一种时空里的聚合。可以放进诗经,可以放进楚辞,可以放进古典主义也同时可以放进后期印象派的笔端——在人类任何一段美丽的记载里,都应该有过这样的一个下午,这样的一季初夏。 赏析:这段话运用生动优美的笔触描绘了桐花盛开的美景,视觉与听觉相结合,动静结合,充满了生机和动感。作者运用比喻的手法,把繁华盛开的场景比作流动的江河,把阳光比作醇蜜,将这幅景象刻画得美不胜收。最后的排比句,语势加强,让人感受到桐花盛开时喷发的生命力,仿佛整个山坡都被桐花覆盖了,生命的张力无限延伸。 而作者的想象则充满了浪漫的梦幻。 2、摘自张爱玲《秋雨》

雨,像银灰色黏湿的蛛丝,织成一片轻柔的网,网住了整个秋的世界。天地是暗沉沉的,像古老的住宅里缠满着蛛丝网的屋顶。那堆在天上的灰白色的云片,就像屋顶上剥落的白粉。在这古旧的屋顶的笼罩下,一切都是异常的沉闷。园子里绿翳翳的石榴、桑树、葡萄藤,都不过代表着过去盛夏的繁荣,现在已成了古罗马建筑的遗迹一样,在萧萧的雨声中瑟缩不宁,回忆着光荣的过去。草色已经转入了忧郁的苍黄,地下找不出一点新鲜的花朵;宿舍墙外一带种的娇嫩的洋水仙,垂了头,含着满眼的泪珠,在那里叹息它们的薄命,才过了两天的晴美的好日子又遇到这样霉气薰蒸的雨天。只有墙角的桂花,枝头已经缀着几个黄金一样宝贵的嫩蕊,小心地隐藏在绿油油椭圆形的叶瓣下,透露出一点新生命萌芽的希望。 赏析:有的时候不是那么喜欢张爱玲的文字,就像这篇秋雨,别人都会写温暖潮润的气息,而她则写得幽暗而阴森,光是笔触就让人感到寒冷而战栗了。 但也许这正是张爱玲文字的魅力,张扬的,阴暗的,却又是如此真实,探测到人内心的最深处。这篇文章用笔细致,只用了比喻和拟人,就把秋雨写得栩栩如生,又带入了一层沉闷而寂寥的色彩。于这文来说,充满了灰色、忧郁,黯然,寥落,一种生活无厘头的滑稽,唯一萌芽的一束希望之光,仅是那株低矮的无人问津的桂花树。 3、摘自张晓风《初雪》 现在,太阳升上来,雾渐渐散去,原野上一片渥绿,看起来绵软软地,让我觉得即使我不小心,从这山上摔了下去,也不会擦伤一

自考金融理论与实务笔记12

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成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下,由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 结构失调型通货膨胀:这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下,由于需求的组成发生结构性变化,相应导致物价总水平上涨。 领会: 需求拉上型通货膨胀特点与成因? 需求拉上型通货膨胀:这是指在社会再生产过程中社会总需求过度增加,超过了既定价格水平下商品和劳务方面的供给,而引起货币贬值、物价总水平上涨。 在经济尚未达到充分就业时,如果货币供给量增加,从而社会总需求增加,促进商品供给增加,当经济充分就业,将不再能促进商品供给增加,而只会导致物价总水平上涨。 这里的社会需求包括投资需求和消费需求,而促成社会需求增加的因素,又常与财政支出过度扩张和信用膨胀相关。 成本推动型通货膨胀特点与成因? 成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下,由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 造成生产成本提高有两方面力量,一是工会组织为了保证工人实际收入的增长不不降低,要求增加工资。二是一些垄断型企业大幅提高垄断商品价格,导致原材料成本上升。 结构失调型通货膨胀特点与成因? 结构失调型通货膨胀:这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下,由于需求的组成发生结构性变化,相应导致物价总水平上涨。 需求增加的部门,产品价格和工资上涨;而需求减少的部门,由于工资和价格的刚性,其工资和商品价格并不随之而下跌,或跌幅很小,从而导致物价总水平上涨。 中国通货膨胀的成因?

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摘抄:于是只有写作,不停地写作才能使内心敞开,才能使自己置身于发现之中,就像日出的光芒照亮了黑暗,灵感这时候才会突然到来。 感悟:关于这句话,我想到的便是自由书写,可以到达内心深处。还因此有了画画的灵感,打了一个画画的草稿。写作的时候,就像与自己对话,清晰可见。 摘抄:最让我感同身受的,产生了奇妙的连锁反应是这一段话: 人的体验和欲望还有想象和理解,会取消所有不通过的界限,会让一个人从他人的经历里感受到自己的命运,就像是在不同的镜子里看到的都是自己的形象。我想这就是文学的传奇,这样的神奇曾经让我,一位遥远的中国读者在纳撒尼尔。霍桑、威廉。福克纳和托妮。莫里森的作品里读到我自己。 感悟:还在银行工作的时候,《牧羊少年奇幻漂流》与《月亮与六便士》,便给我这样的感觉,这也是我为什么一而再,再而三的推荐,我每隔一段时间,就会重读一遍,好书值得收藏与多读。 关于《活着》这本书本身的故事,我觉得便是接纳,福贵最后的一无所有,豁达的态度,我学到的便是接纳。关于这本书,我的笔记就这么多。作者:冰冰

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1只绵羊= 15公斤茶叶 一定数量的其它商品 3.一般价值形式(一般等价形式)阶段 在这一阶段,所有商品的价值都表现在了一个作为一般等价物的商品身上,即:2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于一只绵羊。 4.货币形式阶段 在这一阶段,所有商品的价值都表现在了作为固定的一般等价物的金或银上,即:2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于1克黄金。 二、货币形式的演变 货币产生后,伴随着商品生产和商品交换的发展,货币形式经历了从商品货币到信用货币的演变过程。 1.商品货币 商品货币最大的特点就是其自身价值(凝结在商品货币身上的无差别的一般的人类劳动)与其作为货币所购买的那种商品的价值在量上相等。也就是足值性。 商品货币又包括两种形式:实物货币、金属货币 (1)实物货币 实物货币是指以自然界中存在的某种物品或人们生产的某种商品来充当货币。 实物货币自身存在一些不利于商品交换的弊端,体现在如下三个方面: 1)实物货币不易分割、(无法满足小额商品交换的需要); 2)实物货币不易保管; 3)实物货币不便携带。 (2)金属货币 金属货币:金、银

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读书笔记摘抄好词好句好段_读书笔记摘抄及感悟 篇一:高尔基童年读书笔记摘抄及感悟 好词摘抄 忽如其来、飘忽、兴趣盎然、熠熠生辉 好句摘抄 伏尔加河蓝色的水面上,桔红色的轮船在逆流而上,而一张张金色的叶片则缓缓顺流漂下。 我专门害怕外祖父,总觉得他的绿眼珠无时无刻不在盯着我看。 那曲子激昂中含着忧伤,仿佛是从高山奔流而下的河水,激荡在房间中。 经常有人听见了他们的歌声从窗户底下停下来看着他们,那一张张仰起的面孔让我想起没洗的脏盘子。 好段摘录 “唉,你们这些人碍…!”他常常如此忽如其来地哀息,也不知在感叹什么。“人碍…”的尾音总是被他拉得长长的。 茨冈脸色红红地走到厨房中间,像一团火焰般地跳动起来:两手高高扬起,足步快得让人难以分辨,衬衫抖动着,像燃烧一般发出灿烂地光辉。他放纵地舞着,仿佛打开门让他出去他就能跳遍全城!大伙儿都被他感染,跟着他抖动起来。 唱歌中,外祖母时而前进,时而后退,时而飞旋,青春瞬间回到了她的身上,令她呈现出一种鲜花绽放般的美丽。每个人都被她吸引住了。 我的感悟: 作者将主人公当时所处的肮脏的环境写得非常到位,在语言描写上非常有功夫。使文章生动,令人身临其境,对美与丑及人复杂的感情有了更深层次的了解。 篇二:鲁滨逊飘流记读书笔记摘抄及感悟 好词摘录: 搁浅、兜底、吞噬、烟波布满、泅水、山坳、恭顺、惊魂甫定、斑斑印记 好句摘录: 我简直吓坏了,呆呆地占在那儿,就象挨了一个晴天霹雳。 看到这情景,我怒不可遏,早把恐惧置之度外。我在内心宣誓:下次再看到这种暴行,一定不放过他们! 好段摘抄: 那个地点地上结满了许多瓜类,树上挂满了一串串的葡萄,有数有大,还有黄灿灿的柠檬。我顺着果园的歪坡望去,到处是一片清新翠绿的美景,这是我内心充满了喜悦,顿时感到自己成了这块富饶的土地的无可争辩的主人。

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