英语泛读考试材料

Environmental Problems

环境问题

The development of science and technology in the twentieth century has greatly raised the quality of human life but at the same time it has also led to some serious problems threatening the survival of human beings. Among these are issues concerning environmental protection. Do you know what the greenhouse effect is? What is acid rain or the ozone hole? The following passage discusses some of the environmental problems and the ways to solve them.

20世纪的科技发展大大提高了人类的生活质量,但同时也引发了一些严重的问题,威胁着人

类的生存。其中有些问题与环境保护有关。你知道什么是温室效应吗？什么是酸雨？什么是黑洞？下面这篇文章讨论了一些环境问题及其解决办法。

Before humans came on the scene, the world changed only slowly. The climate warmed and cooled, new plants and animals evolved and became extinct in their turn, and sea levels rose and fell over periods of thousands, if not millions, of years. But during the last two thousand years there have been very great changes. Forests have disappeared, river courses have been changed, and large areas of natural vegetation have turned into farmland and cities. There are serious problems for the survival of the human race.

人类出现以前，世界变化非常缓慢。气候变暖又转冷，新的植物、动物进化又渐次灭亡，

海平面上升而后下降，这样的变化如果不是需要数百万年的时间，也是需要数千年的时间的。然而，在过去的两千年间，世界的变化非常显著。森林消失，河流改道，大片大片草木自然生长的

地方变成了农场和城市。人类的生存面临着严峻的问题。

The greenhouse effect It may be cold outside, but on a sunny day it can be hot in a greenhouse. Some of the gases in the Earth's atmosphere act like the glass in a greenhouse. Radiant heat from the Sun can pass through them to warm the Earth below. But the ground also loses heat by radiation. The "greenhouse gases" send some of this heat back towards the Earth’s surface and help to keep it warm. However, by burning fuels and forests, we are putting larger and larger amounts of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As a result, the Earth is slowly warming up. This is called the greenhouse effect.

温室效应

温室外面也许很冷，但晴天时室内就会很热。地球大气层中的一些气体起着类似温室

玻璃的作用。太阳辐射热可以穿过这些气体使地球变暖。不过地面也会通过辐射散发热量。“温

室气体”把热量辐射回地球表面，使之保温。然而，由于不断地燃烧燃料、烧毁森林，我们正在

把越来越多的温室气体释放到大气层。结果，地球在逐渐变暖。这就是温室效应。

Greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.Animals (like ourselves) give out carbon dioxide when they breathe, while plants breathe in carbon dioxide. In this way, animals and

plants keep the atmosphere in balance and the amount of carbon dioxide stays the same.

However, our modern life-style is destroying the balance. When we burn fuels in vehicles and power-stations, huge amounts of extra carbon dioxide go into the atmosphere. In some countries people are burning vast areas of tropical rainforest and opening land for development or cattle-rearing. This is causing a double problem. The burning is releasing more carbon dioxide and the Earth is left with fewer plants to breathe in the gas.

There are several other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Methane comes from animal waste, swamps, rice paddy-fields, and oil and gas rigs. Nitrous oxide comes from car exhausts and from chemical fertilizers. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)have been used in refrigerators and freezers. Amounts of CFCs in the atmosphere are small, but these gases are 10 000 times more effective than carbon dioxide at trapping heat.

温室气体

二氧化碳是大气层中主要的温室气体。动物（和我们一样）呼吸时呼出二氧化碳，植物吸入二氧化碳。这样，动物和植物保持着大气的平衡，二氧化碳的总量不变。

然而，我们的现代生活方式正在破坏着这种平衡。当我们把燃料用于车辆和火电厂时，大量多余的二氧化碳进入大气层。在一些国家里，人们在烧毁大片大片的热带森林，开拓土地用于发展和畜牧。这样的做法引起双重的问题：燃烧释放出的二氧化碳越来越多，地球上吸收二氧化碳的植物越来越少。

大气层中还有其他几种温室气体。甲烷产生于动物的粪便、沼泽、水稻田以及油井和天然气钻塔。一氧化氮来自汽车废气和化学肥料。含氯氟烃（CFCs）一直用于冰箱和冷库。大气层中CFCs的数量虽不多，但它比二氧化碳吸存的热量要高一万倍。

Solving the problem The problem with the greenhouse effect began about 100 years ago when people started using fuels like oil and petrol on a large scale.On average, world temperatures have risen by about half a degree (Celsius) over the last 100 years. They could rise by another three degrees over the next 50 years. This may not sound very much. But it could cause dry weather in some parts of the world. If the polar ice-caps melt and sea-levels rise, many areas of the world will be flooded.

Scientists believe that the only way to slow the greenhouse effect is for us to produce less of the gases which cause it. Governments are already trying to reduce the use of CFCs. We need to use less fuels like petrol, oil, natural gas and coal. We can develop heating systems and engines which burn fuel more efficiently. And we can build houses and offices which waste less heat, and transport systems which need fewer vehicles. We can also use sources of power that do not burn fuel and release carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one possibility, but many people are worried about the dangers of using this. Other alternatives are wind, water, and geothermal power.

解决问题

大约在一百多年前，当人们开始广泛用石油、汽油作燃料，温室效应的问题开始出现。

过去一百年间世界各地的气温平均上升了半度（摄氏度）左右。未来五十年间气温还要上升3度。听起来不算多，但是这3度能使世界上一些地方出现干旱。如果极地的冰层融化，海面升高，那么，世界许多地区就会被淹没。

科学家们认为，我们减缓温室效应的唯一途径就是要减少排放导致温室效应的气体。各国

政府正尽力减少使用CFCs。我们必须少用汽油、燃油、天然气和煤这类燃料。我们可以改良供

暖系统和发动机，使燃料更充分地燃烧。我们还可以修建节能的住所和写字楼，建设需要较少车

辆的运输系统。我们也可以使用无需燃烧、不会释放二氧化碳的能源。原子能是一种选择，但是

许多人担心使用它会带来危险。其他可供选择的能源有风力，水力和地热。

Air pollution and acid rain Pollution is caused when what we do damages our surroundings. Factories, power-stations and motor vehicles send waste gases and soot into the air. The polluted air damages people's lungs. Some petrol has lead in it. The lead comes out in car exhaust fumes and it can cause brain damage in children.

The waste gases coming from burning coal, oil and petrol include sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These gases may dissolve in water in the atmosphere to form weak acids. They later fall to the Earth as acid rain, sometimes hundreds of kilometers from where they were formed. Much of the acid rain in Canada is caused by smoke from factories and power-stations in the USA； the acid rain in Scandinavia may come from Britain.

Acid rain attacks trees and other plants, and kills the fish and water animals living in lakes and rivers. Acid rain and polluted air also damage the bricks and stonework of buildings, and corrode the metalwork of steel bridges and railings.

大气污染和酸雨

当我们的行为破坏了周围的环境时，污染就产生了。工厂、火电站和机动车辆将废气、

烟灰排放到大气中。被污染的大气危害人们的肺部健康。某些汽油中含铅，铅随汽车废气排出，会损伤儿童的大脑。

煤、燃油和汽油燃烧时产生的废气中含有二氧化硫和二氧化氮。这些气体溶于大气层中

的水汽，形成弱酸。它们以酸雨的形式降到地球上，有时离酸雨形成的地区有千里之遥。降在加

拿大的大多数酸雨，就是美国的工厂和火电站的烟尘引发的；斯堪的那维亚半岛的酸雨可能源自

英国。

酸雨侵袭树木和其他植物，杀死湖泊河流里的鱼类以及水生动物。酸雨和被污染的大气

还会侵蚀建筑物的砖块和石造的部分，腐蚀钢制桥梁和铁轨的金属部分。

Preventing acid rain Acid rain is difficult to control because it spreads so far. Building tall chimneys reduces the effect near the factory, but passes the pollution on to other areas. There are some types of coal and oil which have very little sulphur in them. The waste gases of factories and power-stations can also be cleaned before they leave the factory, and cars can use devices to clean their exhaust smoke. These methods are all expensive.

防止酸雨

酸雨之所以难以控制，是因为它的覆盖范围相当广。建造高耸的烟囱虽然减轻了废气对工

厂附近地区的危害，却把污染带到其他地区。可以使用一些含硫量极少的煤和石油。可以在工厂

和火电站的废气出厂前进行污处理，汽车上可以使用净化废气的装置。但是，这些办法都耗资巨大。

The ozone hole Ozone is a gas which forms a layer around the planet at about 20 to 50 km (6 to 30 miles) above the Earth’s surface. The ozone layer prevents the Sun's dangerous ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth where it would damage our skin and cause cancers. Many scientists are worried that the ozone layer is being destroyed by the CFCs which are used in refrigerators and freezers. These chemicals are also important greenhouse gases. At certain times of the year the ozone layer becomes extremely thin near the north and south poles. Already skin cancers are increasing in Australia.

Many countries are trying to stop the production of CFCs and to find other chemicals to do the same thing.

黑洞

臭氧是一种气体,它在离地球表面约20至50公里（6至30英里）处形成一层环绕地球的大气层。臭氧层阻止有害的太阳紫外线到达地球，损伤我们的皮肤，引发癌症。许多科学家担心臭氧层正遭到冰箱和冰库中使用的CFCs的破坏。这些含氯氟烃化学物质也是主要的温室气体。一年中的某些时候，北极和南极附近地区的臭氧层极为稀薄。澳大利亚的皮肤癌病例已在不断增加。

许多国家正准备停止生产CFCs，用其它的化学品来替代。

Pollution of rivers, lakes and the sea Air pollution affects rivers and lakes indirectly because it causes acid rain. But rivers may also be polluted directly. Some towns and villages send waste material and waste water into rivers, while factories sometimes release poisonous wastes into the water. Fertilizers and chemical pesticides used by farmers can also be washed by rainwater into rivers and streams. They can kill fish and other water animals and plants.

Rivers eventually flow into the sea, carrying their pollution with them. But the sea can also be polluted directly. Some coastal towns and cities send their waste water straight into the sea, killing seabirds, shellfish and other wildlife.

All power-stations need huge amounts of water to cool them. This is taken from rivers, lakes or the sea. When it is returned the water is warmer than it was originally. Warm water does not hold as much oxygen as cold water, so it harms animals. It may kill fish and other water animals in the immediate area or prevent them from breeding.

河流、湖泊和海洋的污染

由于大气污染引起酸雨，所以大气间接地影响了河流和湖泊。但是河流也会受到直接污染。一些城镇和村庄把污物和污水直接排放到河里；工厂有时也把有毒的废弃物排放到水里。农田里的化肥和化学杀虫剂也会被雨水冲到河里，毒死鱼类和其它的水生动植物。

河流最终流入海洋，污染物也随之入海。然而，海洋也会受到直接污染。一些沿海城镇把污水直接排入大海，导致了海鸟、贝类和其它野生物的死亡。

为了冷却，所有的火电站都需要大量的用水。这些水来自河流、湖泊或大海。但是，当用水排回河里时，水温升高，水中所含的氧气比冷水含的少，因此对动物十分有害。污水源附近的鱼类和其它水生动物可能会死掉或无法繁殖。

Radioactive waste Nuclear power-stations produce waste which is radioactive. Some of this waste is released by the power-stations into the air or water; some is stored. It can be carried long distances by wind or by water. Many scientists worry about the long-term effects of this type of pollution on humans and wildlife.

(1 186 words)

放射性废弃物

核电站排出放射性的废弃物。一部分废弃物进入空气或水中；一部分留在核电站。废气物能够随风或者随水漂流到遥远的地方。许多科学家担心这种污染物会长期影响人类和野生动物。

Exercises

A. Determining the main idea.

Choose the best answer. Do not refer to the text.

The main purpose of the article is to____.( D )

(d) discuss some serious environment problems and various ways to deal with them

B. Comprehending the text.

Choose the best answer.

1. Serious problems for the survival of the human race arise as a result of ________.( D )

(d) the disappearance of many animals and plants

2. The greenhouse effect appears when ________.( B )

(b) the earth is getting warmer

3. Carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, comes from all of the following except ________.( D )

(d) growing plants

4. Over the last 100 years world temperatures have risen by about half

a degree (Celsius) and over the next 50 years they may rise by

________.( C )

(c) three degrees

5. Scientists hold that we should ________ to slow the greenhouse effect. ( B )

(b) stop using things that produce greenhouse gases

6. Which of the following is NOT true? ( C )

(c) Acid rain kills plants and water animals but is not really harmful to humans.

7. In order to prevent acid rain effectively, we can do all of the following except ________.( A )

(a) building tall chimneys

8. Ozone is a gas that ________.( A )

(a) protects the earth from the ultraviolet radiation of the sun

9. Rivers, lakes and seas may be polluted by all of the following except ________.( D )

(d) oxygen

10. Power-stations also cause pollution because the water they send back after use ________.( B )

(b) has less oxygen than cold water

C. Understanding vocabulary.

Choose the correct definition according to the context.

1. The climate warmed and cooled, new plants and animals evolved and became extinct in their turn, and sea levels rose and fell over periods of thousands, if not millions of years. ( A )

(a) died out

2. Forests have disappeared, river courses have been changed, and large areas of natural vegetation have turned into farmland and cities. ( D)

(d) plant life

3. When we burn fuels in vehicles and power-stations, huge amounts of extra carbon dioxide go into the atmosphere. ( D )

(d) cars and trucks

4. Nitrous oxide comes from car exhausts and from chemical fertilizers. ( A )

(a) gas which is produced by cars

5. Governments are already trying to reduce the use of CFCs. ( A )

(a) make less

6. We can also use sources of power that do not burn fuel and release carbon dioxide. ( A )

(a) set free

7. Other alternatives are wind, water and geothermal power. ( D )

(d) choices

8. The ozone layer prevents the Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth where it would damage our skin and cause

cancers. ( C )

(c) stops

9. Air pollution affects rivers and lakes indirectly because it causes acid rain. ( A )

(a) influences

10. Rivers eventually flow into the sea, carrying their pollution with them. ( D )

(d) finally

11. Some of this waste is released by the power-stations into the air or water; some is stored. ( B )

(b) kept in a special place

D. Discussing the following topics.

1. What is the greenhouse effect? Can you give examples of the greenhouse effect in the place you live?

Gases in the atmosphere (such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs) absorb infra-red radiation from the Earth's surface and reflect it back on to the planet. But the "greenhouse gases" send some of this heat back towards the Earth's surface and help to keep it warm.

Carbon dioxide is released because of the deforestation and burning of vast quantities of such fossil fuels as coal, gas, and oil. And other greenhouse gases come from the use of car, chemical fertilizers, refrigerators and freezers.

2. Discuss how air pollution and water pollution have affected our daily life.

Air pollution can damage people's lungs and the lead from some car exhaust fumes can cause acid rain which is very harmful to the living beings as well as the buildings.

The polluted water in rivers and streams can kill fish, other water animals and plants. It can kill seabirds, shellfish and other wildlife when it flows into the sea. The water from the power-stations for cooling may not only kill fish and other water animals but also prevent them from breeding.

3. What can we do to improve our environment?

To improve our environment, we should produce less of gases to slow the greenhouse effect,use less fuels like petrol, oil, natural gas and coal, reduce the use of CFCs, develop more efficient heating systems and engines.

P assage One

Imagine you go to the beach and find a sign: "Water Polluted －No Swimming Allowed." That's what happened to actor Ted Danson in 1984. The experience changed his life. Worried that his daughters (then aged 5 and 10) couldn't plunge into the ocean the way he had as a teen, Danson founded the American Oceans Campaign, an organization aimed at protecting Earth’s oceans and coastal waters.

"Our oceans feed the world, cool our planet, regulate (调节) climate, and create nearly one-half of the global oxygen supply," Danson says. He's not joking. Fish are the main source of dietary protein (营养蛋白质) for nearly 1 billion people － most of them in developing nations. Oceans absorb and radiate the Sun's heat to help keep Earth's temperature in balance. Microscopic plants (微生物) that live on the ocean’s surface take in carbon dioxide to make food － and the precious oxygen we need to breathe.

"Yet each day, billions of gallons of sewage (污水), pesticides (杀虫剂，农药), and industrial chemicals flow into the sea," Danson says. According to a United Nations report on the marine environment, about 80 percent of all marine pollution comes from human activities (like farming and driving) on land. Even if you live hundreds of miles from the nearest seashore, Danson adds, each day, Earth's atmosphere recycles (回收利用) billions of kiloliters of salty seawater and turns it into fresh water. Ocean water evaporates (蒸发) and rises into the atmosphere. There it condenses (冷凝聚) and falls to Earth as rain or snow. This fresh water collects in rivers, streams, and lakes or goes deep into the earth. These are the main sources of our drinking water.

Human activities － like mining, forest clearing, farming, and manufacturing - pollute these freshwater sources, too. But it's not too late to turn the tide, Danson says. You can help by conserving water and working to keep it clean.

(321 words)

1. The sign "Water Polluted － No Swimming Allowed" means

________.( B )

(b) the water is not healthy to human body and no one is to swim in it

2. The experience changed Danson's life in that ________.( A )

(a) he founded an organization to protect oceans

3. We need the oceans which do all of the following except ________.( D)

(d) supplying carbon dioxide

4.How much of the marine pollution comes from human activities on land? ( B )

(b) 80 %

5. Which of the following is the correct cycle (循环) of water as far as our drinking water is concerned? ( B )

(b) Oceans－>rain－>rivers－>drinking water.

6. Which of the following is a more suitable title for the passage? ( B )

(b) Fighting Ocean Pollution

P assage Two

You don't have to set up a foundation or spend hours raising money to help the environment. Joey Gordon-Levitt, 16, does his part by simply collecting his newspapers, plastic, and cans － and have them recycled. "Everyone should recycle," the teen star says.

Singer and actor Better Midler goes a step further － She picks up other people’s garbage (垃圾). For example, Midler has helped remove truckloads of trash from Fort Tryon Park in New York City.

Such simple efforts at trash collection and reduction are catching on. Last year, the Environmental Protection Agency counted 7 500 recycling programs in the United States. That's up from just 1 000 programs in 1988. Almost half of the country's population now lives in towns and cities with curbside recycling.

So we're on the right track to reducing trash. But we still have a long way to go. In 1994, about 40 percent of paper products and plastic soda bottles produced in this country were recycled. But only 2 percent of food packaging (包装) was recovered! We also have to work on creating more demand for recycled material. You can help by checking labels － and buying products made from recovered paper, plastic, and metal. Recycling saves resources like water and trees, and cuts down on air pollution. So what are you waiting for? Get to work taking care of our "rock."

"If we don't , we'll all have to move to Mars," says Gordon-Levitt. "The only problem is that we don't know how to do that yet!"

(253 words)

7. The author of the passage suggests that you ________ to help the environment. ( C )

(c) recycle trash

8. What does Joey Gordon-Levitt do to help the environment? ( D )

(d) He collects used things that can be recycled.

9. What is unusual about Better Midler? ( B )

(b) She picks up other people's trash.

10. In 1994, 40 % of the paper products and plastic soda bottles produced in America were recycled. But ________ of food packaging was recovered. ( D )

(d) 2 %

11. To help recycle waste material, we can do all of the following except ________.( D )

(d) using recycled material only in packaging

12. The last sentence in the passage means that we don't know how to ________.( D )

(d) move to Mars

13. The passage discusses ________.( A )

(a) simple ways to help the environment

P assage Three

Growing up on Long Island, N.Y., actor Ed Begley, Jr. loved to camp out in the woods. But at age 13, Begley and his family moved to the San Fernando Valley in California. There he saw huge pieces of land changed to shopping malls. Pollution from cars and factories cast a haze over the valley. "When I ran down to my friend's house, I found I could barely breathe," Begley says. "The smog (烟雾) was choking us."

Since then, Begley has become a supporter of environmental causes, including the fight against air pollution. Knowing that car exhausts can lead to problems such as breathing, Begley refuses to ride in gas-powered cars. Instead, he rides a fold-up bike that assembles (装配) in 20 seconds. Or, he drives an electric car.

(132 words)

14. Begley supports environmental causes for all the reasons below except that ________.( D )

(d) he prefers bicycles to cars

15. Begley prefers to use a fold-up bike because ________.( C )

(c) he wants to reduce pollution

A Mother's Place

母亲的位置

Dorothy feels that she is getting old and doubts her place in the family. Now she wants to move out and start a new life. Why does she want to live by herself? Will she really leave her son and daughter-in-law? Read the following story for the answers.

多萝西觉得自己老了，开始怀疑起自己在家里的位置。现在她想搬出去住，开始新生活。为什么她要一个人生活？她真的想离开儿子和儿媳吗？阅读下面这篇文章，找找问题的答案。

The rain s till fell in a silent gray sheet when Dorothy opened her bedroom curtains to peer outside. "Another gray day, gray and gloomy," she muttered, though really the rain was more than welcome after last year's drought. 多萝西掀起卧室窗帘，看看窗外，天灰蒙蒙的，雨还在无声无息地下着。“又是灰蒙蒙的天,又阴又暗，”她喃喃自语道。实际上，去年的干旱后,这雨是大受欢迎的。

"Old and gray and gloomy, just like me," she added to herself, though it wasn't exactly true. Her hair wasn't completely gray, and she was only in her mid-fifties, middle-aged really, she knew.And usually she acted younger than her years, if anything. She could still do all the work she'd ever done － keep the house going, plant and weed the garden, drive the truck when needed － though maybe she wasn't as speedy at some tasks, as she once was. And Tim, her son, did suggest a couple of years ago, that she needn't bother to drive the tractor anymore. But that was because it wasn't really necessary, anyway, it wasn't because she was getting old. So why, all of a sudden, did she feel old?

“老气横秋，灰不溜秋，郁郁寡欢，像我一样，”她对自己又说了这些，然而事实并非如此。她的头发并未全白，只有五十多岁，实际还是中年——这一点，她自己也清楚。她平日的行为举止，远远看不出实际年龄——无论从哪方面都看不出。她象过去一样能干——忙家务,在花园里种花、除草，开着拖拉机帮忙干农活——尽管有些事情她做起来不如以前那样利索。她的儿子蒂姆两三年前就建议她不必再开拖拉机了。不过那是因为确实没有必要，而不是因为她老了。那她为什么会突然觉得自己老了呢？

"Blame it on the rain," she muttered. But, watching through the window as Tim hurried through the downpour from pig barn to cattle shed, she knew the answer. She'd known it last night, of course, after the blow up with Jenny, Tim's wife.

“都怪这场雨，”她嘟囔着。可是，当她透过窗户，看到蒂姆冒着大雨匆匆从猪圈跑到牛棚时，她就知道是为什么了。当然，昨晚与蒂姆的妻子詹妮吵架过后，她就知道了缘由。

Oh, it hadn't been a real blow up, just an argument over where to plant the garden. Jenny wanted it close to the house, so she could work there once the baby was born. Dorothy argued that the closest garden patch needed fallowing. They'd left the decision to Tim, who sided with Jenny, and

Dorothy stumped off to bed at 8.30 p.m., feeling old and lonely, and missing Steve as she hadn't missed him for a long time.

哦，那也不是真的吵架，只不过是争论花园该建在哪儿。詹妮想让花园靠近住房，孩子出生后她也能兼干些活儿。多萝西认为，屋子旁边的那块园地应该空着。她俩让蒂姆作最后决定，结果蒂姆支持詹妮。于是多萝西晚上八点半就气冲冲地上床了，感到苍老无力，孤立无助，从来没有这么想念过史蒂夫。

Steve － Dorothy's husband － had died ten years ago, when Tim was just twenty. Tim had quit his agriculture course at the university and come home to work the farm, toiling like a Trojan to pay off the debts his father left. Dorothy worked alongside him, in the beginning, until he proved himself; then gradually she relinquished more of the work to him and concentrated on her garden and flowers, and the housework.

史蒂夫——多萝西的丈夫——10年前去世了，那时蒂姆年仅20岁。蒂姆中断了大学的农学课程，回到农场干活。他象特洛伊人一样辛苦地工作，偿还父亲欠下的债务。最初多萝西和他一块干，一直干到他能完全上手；于是，她就逐渐把更多的农活交给蒂姆做，自己专心伺弄花园，种些花草，操持家务。

Things didn't change much when Tim married Jenny two years ago. Dorothy wondered, in the beginning, how the arrangement would work out, for she stayed in the house and Jenny just moved in. It couldn't have been easy for Jenny, Dorothy knew that, to move into your mother-in-law's house and let her run your life.

两年前蒂姆结婚了，但情况并没有多大改变。刚开始，多萝西还在想如何安排才算妥善，因为她呆在家里，詹妮又搬来住。多萝西知道：对詹妮来说，住到婆婆家，还让婆婆来掌管自己的生活，不是一件容易的事情。

But there hadn't been much change, really. Everybody adapted. Jenny worked at the potato plant in town, and kept her job. Dorothy surrendered some of the housework to her, and occasional meals, but she still did most of the day-to-day household running. Jenny either worked days, or slept, depending on her shifts at the plant. Most often she worked nights and slept until four or so.

但是他们婚后，一切真的并没有多大的改变。每个人都适应了。詹妮婚前在镇上的土豆加工厂工作，婚后还继续在那里上班。多萝西主动把一部分家务活让詹妮做，偶尔还让她做几顿饭，但是家里大部分的日常家务仍由她自己操持。詹妮白天有时上班，有时睡觉，得看她在厂里上什么班。大多数时候她上夜班，白天她一直睡到下午四点左右。

The washing was still Dorothy's responsibility, and the garden work and the flower beds. She still drove dinner out to the fields for Tim, and sometimes she drove the truck, during harvest or spring work. She wasn't ready to retire yet!

洗洗涮涮仍是多萝西的事，还有整理园子和花坛的活。她照旧开车到田里给蒂姆送饭。秋收或春耕时她有时候还开卡车。她还没准备退休呢！

"But it looks like I'll have to," she murmured, turning away from the window to dress. "Last night was just the tip of the iceberg. The rest will show up soon."

“但看来我得必须退休了，”她喃喃自语，一边转过身去穿衣服。“昨晚只露出了冰山一角。剩下的很快就会都显露出来，”她想。

Things were changing now. Tim and Jenny's baby was due in two months, and last week Jenny stopped working at the potato plant. "I can't take all the bending any longer," she said. "And anyway, I need time to get things ready for the baby."

现在情况正在发生变化。蒂姆和詹妮的孩子还有两个月就要出世了。上个星期，詹妮辞去了土豆加工厂的工作。“我再也弯不下腰了，”她说。“不管怎么说，我也需要时间为孩子的出生做做准备。”

She'd been home now, full time, for a week. She'd prepared all the meals during that time, and driven Tim's dinner out to him in the west field for the last two days. Last night she'd announced new plans for the garden, and that's when the argument developed.

现在，詹妮整天都呆在家里，已经一个星期了。这段时间里，每一餐都是她做的，前两天她还开车到农场西部的田里给蒂姆送晚饭。昨晚她宣布重新布置园子，于是就发生了争吵。

"I'm redundant," Dorothy thought, then realized she was speaking out loud. "A relic on this farm. They don't need me here anymore."

“我是多余的，”多萝西心想，随后才发觉自己大声说了出来。“我在农场派不上用场了。他们不再需要我了。”

Not that anything had been said to that effect. There had been no suggestions that she should move out and leave the house to them. But they must be thinking that, weren't they?

事情还没到那个地步。从未有人提过要她离开。但是他们一定是这样想的，不是吗？

The house was small, with only two bedrooms and the study. Originally, of course, she and Steve had planned the study to be a third bedroom. But when Tim was their only child, the study was created instead. Now, Tim and Jenny planned to change it into a baby's room. But she'd noticed Jenny's glance in the direction of her own bedroom. If Dorothy didn't occupy it, then the baby could. And what a pity it was to reconvert the study, with all its space for Tim's farm records.

房子不大，只有两间卧室和一个书房。原先她和史蒂夫曾计划把书房用作卧室。既然蒂姆是他俩唯一的孩子，房间就成了书房。如今，蒂姆和詹妮打算把它改成婴儿房。但她曾经注意到詹妮的目光瞥向她的房间。要是多萝西不住着这间房子，那么孩子就可以住了。改装书房是件令人伤感的事，里面都是蒂姆的农场记录。

The kitchen was small, too, for a farm kitchen. Too small for two women to work there all the time. They'd be in each other's way, Dorothy knew that. How would they ever manage at canning time?

作为一个农场的厨房，厨房也不大。根本容不下两个女人整天在那儿干活。多萝西明白，她们会彼此碍事。做罐头的季节她们怎么办呢？

She sighed, and turned back to look outside once more. A few yards away, the lilacs hung heavy in the rain. She could almost smell them, though her window was shut. While she watched, Tim made a dash for the house, splashing through large puddles as he ran. It must have been pouring

all night. Surprisingly, she'd slept, though her mind was churning when she went to bed.

她叹了口气,又转身望着窗外。几码远的地方，丁香花在雨里沉甸甸地挂在枝上。她几乎能闻到花香，尽管窗子关着。这时，她看到蒂姆正往房子这边跑过来，身后边溅起大滩的雨水。雨

一定是下了一整夜。奇怪的是，昨夜她居然睡着了，去睡觉时她心里还难受着呢。

There was only one possible solution, she had decided: to move out, move into town and establish a new life. Life was full of changes, and this would be one of them. She'd adapted after Steve's death, and after Tim's marriage; she could do it again.

她认定，解决的办法只有一个：搬出去，搬到镇上，开始新生活。生活总是变化多端，这

只是一个变化而已。史蒂夫死后她适应了变化，蒂姆结婚后她也适应了；她可以再适应一次。

There were a couple of houses available in town, she knew, small houses suitable for a middle-aged widow who didn't need much space. And there were suites available, if she could stand living in an apartment without a yard or garden. The solution was there. And yet － to leave the farm where she'd spent the last thirty years? To leave these fields and pastures where she'd worked first with Steve, later with Tim? To leave behind the poplar grove where she liked to bird-watch； the small creek where she and Steve walked, in younger years, and made their plans; the swimming hole where Steve taught Tim to swim? How could she leave these memories behind?

她知道，镇上还有几座空房子。小型的房子是适合一个中年寡妇住的，不需要多大空间。

要是她能忍受没有院子、没有花园的公寓，还有空着的套间可以住。这就是解决的办法。可是——离开她度过了三十年岁月的地方吗？在农田和牧场，她最初跟史蒂夫，后来又跟蒂姆一起工作

过，要抛下这些不顾吗？她喜欢在小树林里看鸟；她和史蒂夫年轻时曾在小溪边漫步，在那儿他

们计划过未来；在那个小池子里，史蒂夫曾教蒂姆游泳；把这些全抛下吗？她怎么能把这些记忆

全都抛在脑后呢？

Opening the curtains wider, to let in what light there was, she turned and went out to the kitchen. Tim and Jenny were there, Tim working on his usual big breakfast, Jenny relaxing with a cup of coffee. Dorothy saw the look that passed between them as she came out. What were they planning? Had they decided to ask her to move? To leave the farm? Well, she'd fool them. She'd have her say first!

她把窗帘拉开一些，让光线多少照进来，然后就转身去厨房。蒂姆和詹妮都在。和往常一

样，蒂姆专心吃着一大份早餐，詹妮悠闲地喝着一杯咖啡。多萝西注意到，她出来时他们两人对

望了一眼。他们在策划什么？是不是要让她搬走？离开农场？好吧，她要愚弄他们一下。她要掌

握发言权！

"Coffee, Mom?" Tim asked, and poured her a cup without waiting for a reply. He knew her habits well.

“妈，要咖啡吗？”蒂姆问道。不等她回答就给她倒了一杯咖啡，他很了解她的习惯。

"Thank you," she grunted, settling into her chair. Then, the decision made, she looked at him sharply. "I guess we have to talk, don't we? There have to be some changes made here, don't there?"

“谢谢，”她喃喃着，边说边坐到椅子里。然后，她心意已决，目光锐利地看着蒂姆。“我想我们得谈谈，对吧？家里得有点变化，不是吗？”

"Mom, please," Tim interrupted. "About last night, we're sorry. We weren't thinking properly. With the baby and all, you'll probably be doing most of the garden work still. So we'll leave the garden up to you. Where it is and what you want to plant. You'll be officially in charge, Garden Manager, if that's okay."

“妈，”蒂姆打断她。“关于昨晚的事，我们向您道歉。我们考虑不周。孩子出生后会有好多事情，所以大部分园子里的活，可能还得由您干。我们想由您全权打理园子。您想把它建在哪儿就建在哪儿，您想种什么就种什么。如果可以，您正式负责，园子总管。”

Dorothy closed her mouth, the wind gone from her sails for a moment. Then she squared her shoulders and started again. "But the garden's not all, is it? Let's face it. Around here, I won't be needed anymore. More than that. In this house, I’m in the way."

"Mother －" Tim started, but she spoke above him.

多萝西闭着嘴，好像帆一时没了风一样，不知道说什么好了。然后她正了正身子，再度开口。“但是除了园子之外，还有事情，对吧？我们还是面对问题吧。家里没人需要我了。不止如此，在这座房子里，我碍手碍脚了。”

“妈妈——”蒂姆想开口，但是她的声音更高。

"The way I see it, the answer is for me to move into town, give you and Jenny the house, and a life of your own without your mother always looking over your shoulder. And I'll make a new life for myself." Abruptly she stopped, took a gulp of coffee, though it was almost too hot, and stared out the window at the rain.

“依我看呢，解决的办法就是我搬到镇上去住，房子给你和詹妮，你们过自己的生活，不用我整天在后面盯着你们。我也要开始自己的新生活。”她突然打住了。虽然咖啡很烫，她喝了一大口，然后盯着窗外的雨。

For a few minutes silence reigned. Then Tim spoke again. "Is that really the way you want it, Mother? If it is, okay. But I don't believe it is. I think you're making a sacrifice because you think that's what we want. And you don't have to, you know. It's not necessary." He paused to chew on his toast for a moment but Dorothy didn't answer.

沉默好一会儿后，蒂姆又开口了：“妈妈，您真的想过那样的生活吗？如果是，那好吧。但我不信。我想您在作出牺牲，因为您以为那就是我们想要的。您知道，您不必非得如此，大可不必。”他停下来吃了会儿吐司，但多萝西没有说话。

"We have another idea, Mom," Jenny said quietly, hesitatingly. "If you don't like it, say so. But we'd like to tell you."

“妈，我们还有一个主意，”詹妮轻声说，有点迟疑。“要是您不喜欢就直说，但我们想告诉您。”

"Say what you want," Dorothy grunted. She knew she sounded old and crabby. She didn't want to sound like that. It just came out that way.“想说什么就说，”多萝西嘟哝着。她知道自己的声音听起来又老又冲，她也不想那样，但话一出口就成那个样子了。

"Jenny and I," Tim began, "we know it isn't easy for you with another woman in your house. But we don't want you to leave. We need you here, even if you don't realize it. We'll need you more, once the baby comes. We'll need you to help babysit, if Jenny is working with me. Or we'll still need you to help me, if Jenny is busy with the baby." He paused. "But we have another idea."

蒂姆说：“詹妮和我都清楚，对您来说，在自己家里和另一个女人住在一起并不容易。但是我们也不想让您走。我们需要您，也许您还没有意识到。孩子一出生，我们会更需要您。如果詹妮和我一块儿干活，我们就需要您帮着看孩子。要是詹妮忙着看孩子，我们也需要您来帮我。”他停了停。“但我们还有一个想法。”

Dorothy turned away from the window where she'd been staring resolutely at the rain, and looked at him. He looked so much like Steve when he set his chin in that determined way.

多萝西眼睛一直牢牢地盯着窗外的雨，这时转过头来，看着他。他看上去真象史蒂夫，那样坚毅地昂着下巴。

"Jenny and I went to look at a trailer that Jim Briscoe is selling. We thought maybe we'd buy it and move it into the yard here for us. Only, it's small. Not really big enough for us, with the baby and all. So, well, we wondered, what about using the trailer for you?"

“我和詹妮看过布里斯格正在出售的车拖活动住屋。我们想，也许可以买下来，放到咱们的院子里。只不过，活动住屋不大。我俩用的话，确实小了点，还有孩子什么的。所以，哦，我们想，活动住屋给您用，可以吗？”

"We could set it up on the other side of the lilac bushes," Jenny broke in. "It would be a little closer to the garden, and you could still have your own piece of land and flower beds."

詹妮插话说：“我们可以把活动住屋搭在丁香丛的另一面，这样离园子更近些，而且您仍然有自己的一块地和花坛。”

"You'd be close to us, but not with us," Tim said. "I know this is your house, and if you don't like that idea, well," he shrugged, "we could look for a bigger trailer for ourselves, and you could still stay here. But we don't want you moving to town, leaving the farm, unless that's what you want." He stopped abruptly, as though he had run out of words, and turned back to his breakfast.

“我们住得很近，又不用住在一起，”蒂姆说。“我知道这是您的房子，要是您不喜欢这个想法，那么，”他耸耸肩。“我们可以找个大一点的活动住屋，我们住，您还住在这里。可是我们不喜欢您搬到镇上去，离开农场，除非您真的想那么做。”他突然停住了，好象没话可说了一样，就接着吃早餐。

There was a long silence, broken only by the patter of rain on the window. There must be a wind starting up, Dorothy thought momentarily. And it's blown a weight off my shoulders.

一阵长时间的沉默，只有雨拍打在窗户上的声音。一瞬间，多萝西想：“一定起风了，风把我肩上的重荷都吹走了。”

Then, through the sudden lump in her throat, she spoke. "I like the idea fine, Tim. And Jenny. When can I look at the trailer to see what I'll need?" She smiled, hoping they wouldn't notice the moisture in her eyes.然后，象是喉咙里有东西突然卡住一样，她开口了：“我认为这主意很好，蒂姆，詹妮。什么时候我可以去看看活动住屋，看我还有什么需要添置的？”她笑了笑，希望他们没看到自己的眼睛湿润了。

"Better wait until this rain stops and things dry up a bit," Tim said. "We don't want to track it up with mud. It's just newly painted."

“最好等雨停了，地面干点再说，”蒂姆说。“我们不想让活动住屋沾上泥。活动住屋是新漆的。”

"What rain?" asked Dorothy, the day's gloom suddenly gone. "What rain?"

“什么雨？”多萝西问道，白天的抑郁一扫而空。“什么雨？”

(1 860 words)

Exercises

A. Choose the best answer.

Choose the best answer. Do not refer to the text.

The main idea of the story is that ________.( C )

(c) thinking that she was redundant in the house, Dorothy decided to leave but her son and daughter-in-law convinced her that she was welcome and needed

B. Comprehending the text.

Choose the best answer.

1. How did Dorothy feel about herself at the beginning of the story? ( B )

(b) She felt old and lonely.

2. Tim suggested a few years ago that Dorothy needn't bother to drive the tractor ________.( A )

(a) because it wasn't really necessary for her to

3. The previous night the family argued over where to plant the garden and ________.( C )

(c) Tim sided with his wife and Dorothy was unhappy

4. Dorothy understood that ________.( B )

(b) it was not easy for Jenny to adapt herself to living at her mother-in-law's house

5. After the unhappy event the previous night, Dorothy felt that

________.( D )

(d) she was not needed anymore on the farm

6. Dorothy decided to move out, ________.( B )

(b) and she was sure that she could succeed in establishing a new life

7. When Dorothy suggested to her son that they should talk,

________.( D )

(d) he apologized and told her that she could do whatever she liked with the garden

8. After hearing his mother's decision, ________.( A )

(a) Tim understood that she was making a sacrifice but he thought it was not necessary for her to do that

9. Tim's solution to the problem was ________.( B )

(b) to buy a second hand trailer house and let Dorothy live in it, close to them

10. Which of the following is NOT true? ( C )

(c) Jenny was not willing to live with her husband in a trailer.

C. Understanding vocabulary.

Choose the correct definition according to the context.

1. "Another gray day, gray and gloomy," she muttered, though really the rain was more than welcome after last year's drought. ( A )

(a) lack of rain

2. But, watching through the window as Tim hurried through the downpour from pig barn to cattle shed, she knew the answer. ( B )

(b) heavy fall of rain

3. Dorothy worked alongside him, in the beginning, until he proved himself; then gradually she relinquished more of the work to him and concentrated on her garden and flowers, and the housework. ( A )

(a) gave up

4. "I can't take all the bending any longer," she said. ( C )

(c) stooping

5. "I'm redundant," Dorothy thought, then realized she was speaking out loud. ( D )

(d) not needed

6. And what a pity it was to reconvert the study, with all its space for Tim's farm records. ( A )

(a) change again

7. Surprisingly, she'd slept, though her mind was churning when she went to bed. ( B )

(b) agitated

8. And there were suites available, if she could stand living in an apartment without a yard or garden. ( A )

(a) sets of rooms

9. For a few minutes silence reigned. ( B )

(b) prevailed

10. She knew she sounded old and crabby. ( D )

(d) irritable

D. Discussing the following topics.

1. What do you think of Tim's way of solving the problem?

Tim was a filial son. He was very considerate and could read his mother's mind. Considering she was getting old, he took the side of his wife as to where to plant the garden in the beginning. Seeing Mom was unhappy about that, he apologized to her the next morning and respected her feelings and choice. Knowing Mom wasn't willing to move out, Tim had an idea that would make both smile.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa8519857.html,pare Dorothy's family problem with a similar one in a Chinese fami

Open to discussion.

Over lunch recently, an old friend and I talked about life. She admitted that she'd been lonely since her husband died. "Yet I can't complain," she said. "I had a good marriage. The kids are on their own. My job isn't exactly thrilling, but it's secure, and I retire in 15 years. So what else is there?"

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

( It's possible at any age to improve the quality of our life. )

2. What is the solution offered in the passage?

( We have to initiate the improving process ourselves . )

P assage One

In the late 1920s my mother ran away from home to marry my father. Marriage, if not running away, was expected of seventeen-year-old girls. By the time she was twenty, she had two children and was pregnant with a third. Five children later, I was born. And this is how I came to know my mother: she seemed a large, soft, loving-eyed woman who was rarely impatient in our home. Her quick, violent temper was on view only a few times a year, when she battled with the white landlord who had the misfortune to suggest to her that her children did not need to go to school.

She made all the clothes we wore, even my brothers' overalls. She made all the towels and sheets we used. She spent the summers canning vegetables and fruits. She spent the winter evenings making quilts enough to cover all our beds.

During the "working" day, she labored beside － not behind － my father in the fields. Her day began before sunup, and did not end until late at night. There was never a moment for her to sit down, undisturbed, to unravel her own private thoughts; never a time free from interruption － by work or the noisy inquiries of her many children. And yet, it is to my mother － and all our mothers who were not famous － that I went in search of the secret of what has fed that muzzled and often mutilated, but vibrant, creative spirit that the black woman has inherited, and that pops out in wild and unlikely places to this day.

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2. The mother appeared to the narrator to be all of the following except ________.( D )

(d) violent

3. The white landlord angered the narrator's mother by ________.( D )

(d) being rich

4. It seems to the narrator that it would be really good if ________.( D)

(d) the mother could have some time to think undisturbed

5. The goal of the narrator's research was to ________.( B )

(b) find reasons for the black woman's creativeness

P assage Two

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..... 商务英语泛读期末考试试卷 一、Reading in Depth Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.(将正确答案的序号填入题中的括号内，错选、多选均不得分。本大题共30小空，每空1分,共30分) TEXT A Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments __1__ it. They find the writing process __2_ and difficult. How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it --- __3__ English, with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an __4__ mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they can’t write, I knots, as a teacher my __5__ is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to __6__ the moral and emotional development of my students. One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done __7__, just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and __8__ after only a few weeks of journal writing. Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and __9__ lives. They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step __10_ to fluency, eloquence （雄辩），and command of language. TEXT B Fire can 11 many things. It is dangerous to everyone, but it is 12 useful. We cannot live without 13.In other words, fire is both the 14 and enemy of us. This 15 on whether we use it wisely or not.

泛 读——高中英语教学的有效途径

泛读——高中英语教学的有效途径 发表时间：2011-10-11T11:23:04.337Z 来源：《科学教育前沿》2011年第7期供稿作者：李黎 [导读] 很多老师认为，泛读即广泛的阅读，所以读得越多就越好，而实际上，泛读既是指广泛的阅读，同时也指泛泛而读。 李黎（广汉市第四中学校四川德阳 618300） 中图分类号：Ｇ63 文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：ISSN1004-1621（2011）07-029-02 《英语新课程标准》要求学生具备综合阅读的能力，着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力；逐步培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。再想想高考中运用到阅读技能的，不仅仅有阅读的40分，还包括了完形填空的30分和短文改错的10分。"读书破万卷，下笔如有神"，广泛阅读，并且注重好词好句的积累，也是写作得高分的关键。阅读被提高到了如此高的地位，可谓"得阅读者得天下"。 阅读分为精读和泛读两种。精读是要逐字逐句的读，逐字逐句的理解意思、结构；而泛读是广泛的阅读，泛泛而读，追求的是阅读的速度和量。大纲中所强调的培养学生阅读能力，最终是要培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力，泛读将起着非常重要的作用。著名学者柯鲁克先生主张："中国英语教学应采用大量阅读为主要教学手段，进而取代字斟句酌讲解的精读这种传统的教学模式。"那么在英语教学中如何搞好泛读的教学呢？ 一、泛读材料的选择 泛读的材料需精心选择，搭配合理，才能培养学生的阅读兴趣，同时拓宽学生的知识面，提高学生应对各种文体的泛读材料的能力，根据目前课程标准以及考试大纲要求，泛读内容要注意：在体裁的选择上，要有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等各种文体的泛读。在题材的选择上，要涉及到科普、政治经济、历史地理、人物传记、社会文化、故事传说等题材。可供高中生泛读的材料有很多，而高中生的时间却并不多，所以教师要帮助学生选择合适的泛读材料，优化学生的学习时间，提高他们的学习效率。以下几种较好的泛读材料，可供参考： 重视高考的真题。高考题是命题小组成员精心编制的，经过严格的校对审核，是很好的泛读材料。2004年到2011年全国高考真题约有140套，每份试卷中的第一篇阅读比较简单，可以供高一的学生阅读，第二篇可以给高二的学生阅读，第三篇和第四篇可供高三的学生阅读。 英文报纸类的泛读材料。报纸的最大优势在于新，时代性强，更能激发学生的兴趣。英语报纸目前有很多可供选择，比如：English Weekly、China Daily、21st Century、Learning English、Student English Times等等。可指导学生根据自身的英语程度作出适当的选择。 二、泛读的教学方法 1.泛读技能的培养 在近几年高考中，阅读理解题更加强调对学生的知识面、理解能力以及阅读速度的考察，试题形式更多样化，内容涉及面更宽。《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试考试大纲的说明（英语）》对阅读理解部分进行了解释和说明：阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要的途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： ( 1 ) 理解主旨和要义（2）理解文中具体信息 ( 3 ) 根据上下文推断生词的词义。 ( 4 ) 作出简单判断和推理 ( 5 ) 理解文章的基本结构 ( 6 ) 理解作者的意图，观点和态度。要想在很短的时间内完成这些任务，就必须要保证阅读的速度，而阅读的速度需要有阅读的技能来保证。进行泛读教学时应参照《英语课程标准》中有关阅读技能目标的要求，要教会学生在泛读中注意： 1）重视主题句（topic sentence）。主题句一般都位于一段话的段首，或者一篇文章的文首。找出文章的主题句，可以给我们启发和想象，帮助我们确定文章的和内容走向，加快泛读的速度。 2）猜测词义的技巧。即对生词进行猜测。根据出题人的意思，可能有以下几种不同的情况： 第一、根据上下文对生词意思进行猜测。比如，2011年英语高考真题（全国卷）中的68题，68. What does the word "residents" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. chickens B. tomatoes C. gardens D. people 看该词在阅读材料中所在的位置：The family's old farm house has become a chicken bourse ,its residents arriving next month.这道题的答案就显然是跟上文中出现的chicken有关的。 第二、根据构词法。阅读的基础在于词汇，因此掌握基本构词法，例如，前后缀、合成和转化等等，是非常有必要的，由已知的单词，即可猜测出生词的含义。 第三、根据日常经验猜词。有些生词根据上下文的意思，再借助常识和生活经验就可以猜测出它的词义。 第四、利用从句猜词。有的生词后面有定语从句或者同位语从句，这两种从句都有解释的功能，根据这个从句，就可以猜出该词的含义。 3）推理判断的技巧。教师要教会学生根据已知的内容与常识相结合，顺着作者的思路去分析、判断和推理，猜出作者的弦外之意。例如，2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语中，阅读题49.The underline part "its idea" in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of____ A. the equipment B. the project C. the digital media D. the physical library 该题便是考查推理判断的技巧。根据阅读材料中的"…the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies."推理可知its即是the project。 4）跳读、略读等忽略生词的技巧。在阅读中，出题人会有意不解释某些单词的含义，从文中其它部分或者用构词法也无法猜出这个生词的意思，这种单词往往不影响整篇文章的理解，用不着管它。这时候就可以忽略不看，继续浏览下文，节约阅读时间，提高泛读的效率。 2.课堂泛读与课外泛读相结合 1）课堂上的泛读。在传统的教学方式中，精读长期占据课堂，而泛读往往认为应该留在课后，实际泛读不仅仅应在课后进行，还要坚持每天上课都会有一篇文章的泛读，不管是听力课，还是精读课，先给出几分钟的时间，读一篇短文，然后再进行其它课。课堂上可用自己设计的几个简单的T--F question 、Yes-No question和wh-question，来考查学生泛读的效果。 2）课外的泛读。课外的泛读更是必不可少，每天花15分钟时间，高一读三篇小短文，这样，一学期下来就积累了几百上千篇的泛读

大学英语泛读

Text a 第一自然段 Disappointed 失望的; 沮丧的，失意的 When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.出问题时，我们大家自然都感到失望和沮丧。 She will be disappointed if her feelings are not returned. 如果她的感情得不到回报，她会感到非常失望。 Curse 诅咒; 咒骂; 使苦恼，使困苦; 把（某人）逐出教门 He shot her an angry look and a curse. 他生气地看了她一眼，骂了一句。 He cursed himself for having been so careless. 他骂自己怎么那么不小心。 Maybe there is a curse on my family... 可能我的家族受到了诅咒。 Disputed 有争议的 辩论，争论（dispute的过去式和过去分词）; 争夺; 阻止; 就…进行辩论Russia and Ukraine have been disputing the ownership of the fleet...

俄罗斯和乌克兰一直在争夺舰队的所有权。 Fishermen from Bristol disputed fishing rights with the Danes. 布里斯托尔的渔民与丹麦人争夺捕鱼权。 ...a disputed border region. 有争议的边境地区 referee 裁判员; 证明人; 公断人; （专业性强的文章的）审阅人 be appointed to 被任命为 An independent regulator will be appointed to ensure fair competition. 将会指定一个独立的管理机构来保证公平竞争。 Who will be appointed to the chairmanship when Mr. Bell leaves ？ 贝尔先生离职以后,谁会被派来担任主席? 第二自然段 Tournament 锦标赛，联赛; 中世纪的骑士比武; 锦标赛 a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner Jarvis took the wooden spoon in the first tournament. 贾维斯在第一次锦标赛上垫底。 She had been videoing the highlights of the tournament.

《商务英语阅读》期末考试试卷-A卷

《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 1 页 共8页 《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 2页 共8页 教学点： 年级： 专业： 层次: 姓名： 学号： 座位号: 密 封 线内请不要答 题 广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 商务英语（专科）2018学年第1学期 《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 年级： 考试形式：闭卷 考试时间：90分钟 Part I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices 1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 2. Y ou _______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks. A. needn’t have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can’t have seen 3. She’s always been kind to me – I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. A. my back B. my head C. my eye D. shoulder 4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 5. The _______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers. A. joint B. intensive C. overall D. decisive 6. W e can accept your order _______ payment is made in advance. A. in the belief that B. in order that C. on the excuse that D. on condition that 7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of the earthquake. A. consequence B. aftermath C. results D. effect 8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware _______ price. A. on account of B. regardless of C. in addition to D. not to mention 9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in. A. that you would think B. by what you are thinking C. that you should think D. with what you were thinking 10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself. A. in case B. so that C. now that D. only if 11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom 12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests. A. when B. since C. before D. after 13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______ available these days. A. promptly B. instantly C. readily D. quickly 14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A. fierce B. strained C. eager D. critical 15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. A. smell B. sense C. hear D. tough Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words. Write Group 1 1. authentic A. having powers of learning, reasoning or understanding 2. commitment B. twist; changing shape 3. exaggerate C. a promise or decision to do something 4. intelligent D. real; true and accurate 5. distortion E. say more than the truth about something Group 2 6. authority A. basic; central; forming the necessary basis of something 7. donate B. something that is considered more important than other matters 8. substantial C. the right or ability to control 9. priority D. give something for the benefit of others 10. fundamental E. large in size, value or importance Part III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each) 1. George is not only a skillful painter, but also a ______ writer. (talent) 2. The ________ John to Mary was announced in the newspapers yesterday . (engage) 3. I love the movie because the _______ is my favorite. (act) 4. _______ to say , this absent-minded professor left his umbrella in the classroom again. (need) 5. I'm afraid the girl is a little ________ for her age and height. (weight)