教育最新K122019高考英语一轮复习练习题 Unit 1 Women of achievement(含解析)新人教版必修4

Women of achievement

李仕才

【阅读理解插花】

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wo uldn’t

even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But

interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.

1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?

A. Addiction to smartphones.

B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.

C. Absence of communication between strangers.

D. Impatience with slow service.

2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

A. Showing good manners.

B. Relating to other people.

C. Focusing on a topic.

D. Making business deals.

3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?

A. It improves family relationships.

B. It raises people’s confidence.

C. It matters as much as a formal talk.

D. It makes people feel good.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A. Conversation Counts

B. Ways of Making Small Talk

C. Benefits of Small Talk

D. Uncomfortable Silence

【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。

2.B 【解析】推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。

根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to

connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。

3.D 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的

调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。

4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能

手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B 项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。

Ⅰ教材与语法填空

根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Jane Goodall had wanted to work with animals in their own environment since she 1. (be) a child. But this was not easy. When she first arrived in Combe in 1960,

2. was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. However,

3. the help

of her mother, she began her work with the chimps, 4. changed the way that people think about chimps. Spending years observing and recording their daily 5. (active), Jane discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat, against what people used

to think. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other.6. (work)

with the chimps for years, Jane has argued that wild animals should 7. (leave)

in the wild and not used for 8. (entertain) or advertisements. She has achieved everything she wanted to do, but more 9. (importance), she has got the world

10. (understand) and respect the lives of chimps.

答案：1.was 2.it 3.with 4.which 5.activities

6．Working 7.be left 8.entertainment

9．importantly 10.to understand

Ⅱ教材与话题写作

(Ⅰ)用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。

1．玛丽是一个很有成就的人。她致力于帮助无家可归的儿童，她的行为赢得了所有人的尊

重。(achievement; behaviour; respect)

答案：Mary is a woman of great achievements. She has devoted herself to homeless children and her behaviour has won the respect of all.

2．玛丽被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。(deliver)

答案：Mary was asked to deliver a speech at the graduation in Harvard University. 3．玛丽说：“关爱孩子是平凡的工作，但是你不要瞧不起平凡的工作。”(look down upon/on)

答案：Mary said, “Caring for children is an ordinary job, but don’t look down upon/on ordinary jobs.”

4．一旦开始做一件事情，你就必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。(once; carry on)

答案：Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.

5．只有当你老了回首往事你能够说你已经全力以赴时，你才会对你的一生感到满足。(only

＋状语；be content with)

答案：Only when you are old looking back and saying that you have tried your best

will you be content with your life.

(Ⅱ)将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。

【完形填空插花】

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的

最佳选项。

My fiancé(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It __1__ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much __2__.I didn't want the whole day to be about wanting to __3__ the office for the upcoming(即将到来的)__4__ and I didn't want it to be just another romantic night for two，__5__ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy.

I began in small ways.I __6__ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自动售货机)at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next __7__ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave __8__ instructions on how to smile as __9__ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my __10__ ，so that any colleague who came by might just__11__ for a moment，read，and __12__ change their feeling.

When it came time for our lovely dinner to __13__ that night，I left the server a big __14__ and a well-wishing note for her to have a __15__ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress __16__ tears beside us.We asked her to __17__ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mother-to-be，I __18__ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for __19__.

It was a day that was not __20__ ours，but it was the waitress'day，my c o-workers' day，and now it's your day too!

1．A.started B．adapted

C．disappeared D．finished

2．https://www.wendangku.net/doc/af8993124.html,ter B．worse

C．more D．earlier

3．A.apply B．leave

C．find D．stay

4．A.party B．picnic

C．banquet D．dinner

5．A.if B．though

C．so D．because

6．A.turned B．put

C．made D．hid

7．A.full B．sleepy

C．angry D．hungry

8．A.few B．clean

C．clear D．puzzling

9．A.employees B．managers

C．friends D．bosses

10．A.home B．office

C．restaurant D．bedroom

11．A.stop B．run

C．eat D．buy

12．A.never B．hardly

C．frequently D．perhaps

13．A.change B．begin

C．arise D．end

14．A.bill B．tip

C．order D．menu

15．A.wonderful B．careful

C．busy D．anxious

16．A.looked into B．came into

C．made into D．burst into

17．A.stand up B．sit down

C．go away D．stay up

18．A.smiled B．shouted

C．cried D．cheered

19．A.three B．four

C．five D．six

20．A.ever B．usual

C．just D．even

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和她的未婚夫决定一起共进晚餐。在这本该属于他们自己的特殊一天里，作者却选择把关爱和欢乐一同送给同事、餐厅服务员、甚至是未曾谋面的陌生人，让爱和温暖滋润他人。

1．A 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“but little did we know that it would tu rn into much ________”及下文内容可知，这顿晚餐一开始只属于我们。start意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。

2．C 考查形容词辨析。根据最后一段中的“but it was the waitress' day，my

co-workers' day, and now it's your day too”可知，“我们”的这一天最后却变得更有意义，是更多人的一天。more 意为“更多”，符合语境。故选C。

3．B 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指吃晚饭前先离开办公室。leave意为“离开”，符合语境。故选B。

4．D 考查名词辨析。根据第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此处指即将到来的晚餐。故选D。

5．C 考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指作者不想这一天只属于她和未婚夫，她也想给他人带来快乐。本句与上句构成因果关系。故选C。

6．B 考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，硬币应该是放入自动售货机。B项意为“放，安置”，符合语境。故选B。

7．D 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“food vending machines(自动售货机)”可知，此处指在自动售货机里放入多一些的硬币，是为了让下一个肚子饿了来买食物的同事有东西吃。hungry意为“饥饿的”，符合语境。故选D。

8．C 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此处指作者在大厅里贴出清晰易懂的笑脸示范。clear意为“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合语境。故选C。

9．A 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可知，此处应指雇员。故选A。

10．B 考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者装饰的是办公室。故选B。

11．A 考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路过的同事们看到激励的话会停下来读一读。故选A。

12．D 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，作者觉得这些激励的话可能会改变同事们的心情。此处表推测。故选D。

13．D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I left the server...”可推知，此处应表示在晚餐结束要离开的时候。end意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。故选D。

14．B 考查名词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，在离开之前作者给服务员留下了很丰厚的小费。B项意为“小费”，符合语境。故选B。

15．A 考查形容词辨析。根据上文及“a well-wishing note”可知，作者的便条是祝愿服务员有美好的一天。wonderful意为“精彩的，绝妙的”，符合语境。故选A。

16．D 考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知，服务员看到作者的便条感动得哭了。burst into tears意为“突然哭了”，符合语境。故选D。

17．B 考查动词短语辨析。根据空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀请服务员坐下来，听她倾诉。B项意为“坐下”，符合语境。故选B。

18．C 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“As an emotional mother-to-be”及语境可知，服务员突然哭起来，而作者作为一名感性的孕妇也陪她哭了起来。故选C。

19．A 考查数词辨析。根据上文可知，作者夫妇和服务员一起坐着，因此一共是三个人。故选A 。

20．C 考查副词辨析。句意为：这一天已经不仅仅是属于我们的，也是属于服务员的、我的同事的而且现在也是你们的。just 意为“仅仅”，符合语境。故选C 。

Ⅲ 下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。

Mary is a woman of great achievements ，who has devoted herself to homeless children and her behaviour has won the respect of all. Recently, she asked to deliver a speech at the graduation in Harvard University. She said, “Care for children is an ordinary job ，and don ’t look down upon ordinary jobs.” Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it ，otherwise you will never achieve anything. Only when you are old looking back on and saying that you have tried your best will you be content with your life.

答案：

Mary is a woman of great achievements ，who has devoted herself to homeless

children and her whose

behaviour has won the respect of all. Recently, she was ∧ asked to deliver a speech at the graduation in Harvard University. She said, “Care Caring

for children is an ordinary job ，and but

don’t look down upon ordinary jobs.” Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it ，otherwise you will never achieve anything. Only when you are old looking back on and saying that you have tried your best will you be content with your life.

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