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1.英语名词单复数变化规律及练习题

1.英语名词单复数变化规律及练习题
1.英语名词单复数变化规律及练习题

名词单数变复数规则

规则变化

1)一般情况下加-s

如book--books(书)desk--desks(书桌)

2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es

如box--boxes(盒子)bus--buses(公共汽车)

brush--brushes watch--watches

注意①以th 结尾加-s, month--months

②stomach--stomachs

3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加- es。

如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)baby-babies婴儿family--families家庭注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)

4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe 为v再加-es

如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半) leaf---leaves树叶

(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)

注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋顶)

5)以o结尾分2类

(1)o结尾的加-es

如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮) potato-potatoes(土豆) hero-heroes(英雄)

(2) o结尾名词的加-s

如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)

photo-photos (照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)

kilo-kilos(千克)

注意zero 两种方式都可:zero-zeros或zeroes(零)

不规则变化

1) 元音字母发变化。

如man--men(男人) ,woman--women(妇女)

tooth--teeth(牙齿) ,foot--feet(脚)

mouse--mice(老鼠) ,policeman--policemen(警察)

policewoman--policewomen(女警察)

2) 词尾发生变化。

如child--children(小孩) ,ox--oxen(公牛)

3) 单、复数形式相同。

如fish--fish(鱼) ,sheep--sheep(绵羊) ,deer--deer(鹿) ,Chinese--Chinese(中国人) ,

yuan--yuan(元) ,jinn--jinn(斤)

注意不说an English,要说an Englishman.

①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。

②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。

4) 形似单数,实为复数意义。

如people(人,人们)these people

(不说a people,可说a person)

police(公安,警察)ten police

(不说a police,可说a policeman)

5) 由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。

如a man driver- men drivers(男司机)

a woman doctor- women doctors (女医生)

6) 合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。

如passer-by -passers-by(过路人)

bus driver- bus drivers(汽车司机)

注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如:

grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)

letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)

注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。

如Would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?

We bought a lot of fruit from the market. 我们从市场上买了许多水果,

China has some good fruits. 中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)

She has a few white hairs. 她有几根白头发。

His black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。

注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。

注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。

如boy student- boy students(男学生)

girlfriend-- girlfriends(女朋友)

7) 有些名词只有作复数。

如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)

名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。

如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)

Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)

注意German不是复合词,它的复数是Germans。

常用口诀

表示民族的名词顺口溜

(1)“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。

(2)“英、法”联盟a变e。

(3)其他一律加s

即Chinese,Japanese单复数同形;Englishman,Frenchman的复数为Englishmen,Frenchmen;其他像German,American,Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。

o结尾的名词顺口溜

1)有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s。

有生命:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro--negroes

如无生命:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)--bamboos, tobacco(烟丝)--tobaccos1)

2)两人两菜一火山。(+es)

小学—中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是“两人两菜一火山”。

或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes)

2)其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。

图景:你在“zoo”里,看见一要“bamboo”,上面挂着一张“photo”,所照的是一架“piano”,上面放着一台“radio”。

zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.

f、fe结尾的顺口溜

(1)以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时,有的把f(e)改为v(e)再加s,其他的以“f(e)”结尾的名词则直接加“s”。

妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。

wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),life(生命)leaf(树叶),self(自己),half(一半),这9个名词变复数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。(2)以f结尾的名词,一般把把f改为ves,但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的,

如gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。编成口诀联想:

海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上

巧记不规则名词单变复

男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。

man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.

可数名词和不可数名词复数变化规则

英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物,它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词

指的就是在数量上可以计数,可以数出数量的事物;所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。

一、可数名词在它之前可以加上冠词a/an(以元音字母a,e,i,o,u开头的字母前冠词用an)。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接加冠词的。可数名词复数变化规律如下:

a. 一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。

b.以s,x,ch,sh结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, baby-babies 婴儿;读音:[z]。

以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:monkey-monkeys,toy-toys ; 读音:[s]。

d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives, leaf---leaves树叶;读音:[z]。

e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况

1)有生命的加-es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes ,hero-heroes

2)无生命的加-s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos,radio-radios

f. 以ce,se,ze,de,ge结尾,加-s,如:exercise-exercises,读音:[z]。

g. 不规则名词:小老鼠爬灯台,偷油吃下不来。男人当警察,保护妇女跟儿童;

英国人的牙咬了法国人的脚;养了一头日本羊,送给了中国人;

养了一头鹿跟鹅,卖给了瑞士人。

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

goose---geese鹅,mouse(老鼠)-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, ox-oxen(公牛)

h. 除此之外,还有一部分名词单复数同形,如: fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,news 新闻,goods 商品,fish,people 人,human人类

i. 有一些名词则只有复数形式:trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子

j. “某国人”的复数有三种类型:

(1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s;

(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men;

注意:German的复数是Germans,它的man不是词根,而是由Germany演变过来的。

(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian结尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Indians 等。

可依照这个口诀记忆:中日瑞士均不变,英法荷兰都要变,其他”s”加后面。

可数名词不可数名词复数规则练习题

一、 1、orange 2、class 3、text

4、monkey

5、piano

6、child

7、shelf 8、bed 9、country

10、family 11、toy 12、foot

13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo

16、army 17、tomato 18、fox

19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep

二、 1. house __________ 2. village ____________3. map ___________4. orange _____________

5. bag _________

6. exercise ___________

7.brush __________

8. family _______________

9. bus __________ 10. city __________ 11. box __________ 12. baby ______________

13. class ________14. factory ________15. glass ___________16. dictionary _____________

17. watch __________18. woman _________19. match ___________20. man _____________

21. wish _______22. German _________23. tomato _______24. policeman _______________

25. kilo _________26. human _______27. potato ___________28. Chinese ______________

29. shelf __________30. Japanese _______31. leaf _________ 32. American ____________

33. life _________34. tooth _______35. wife ___________36. foot _______________

37. knife _________38. sheep ____________39. half _____________ 40.scarf____________

41.postman___________43.staff__________box_________pencil__________watch________

star____________door__________bag______

window________________bowl___________book_________dog___________cat__________

tree______eye___________flower_________chair_________people_______girl____________

man_________ear___________woman__________policeman__________ policewoman_________

tooth___________goose_____________doctor___________ teacher___________child_________

student___________photo______________map____________picture__________ desk__________

life____________leaf_______________half____________shelf_______________wolf___________

bird_____________panda___________lion______________fish___________deer_________-

sheep________candy_____________family___________baby_____________toy_________

car__________bus__________cup____________bottle_____________ lake____________

hill___________wall_____________stamp____________Chinese_________festival_____________

mountain____________floor__________noodle__________fruit_______________dumpling________

apple_________pear_________vegetable___________ grape_______________banana___________ cherry____________watermelon______________orange____________ox___________foot________

arm_________leg_________necklace_________game____________computer___________

mouse_________fish_________ tomato__________potato__________onion____________

cabbage__________plane________kite_________ship________chopstick_________

spoon____________cloth____________pant____________shirt_________hat_________

cap___________sweater____________sock____________gift____________eraser__________

present________lantern___________sister__________brother__________light_________key______mo nkey___________tiger___________rabbit_________snake___________ animal__________

frog__________shoe_________knife____________an____________glass____________

rose____________brush________bear_________son_________uncle___________aunt_________

小学英语名词单复数练习题

英语专项测试名词复数 一、请写出下列词的复数形式。 1.city _____ _ 2.zoo ______ 3.country _____ 4.mouse __ 5.boy____________ 6. car ____ 7.tree ______ 8.horse ______ 9.bus______________ 10.fox _____ 11.baby _____ 12.family _____ 13.dish _____ 14.piano _____ 15.man _____ 16.woman ____ 17.child 18.foot 19.day_________ 20.dress____________ 21.sheep___________ 22.box___________ 23.strawberry_________ 24.peach__________ 25.sandwich__________ 26.fish___________ 二、单项选择 ( )1. The _ _ are very beautiful. A. cloth B. water C. flowers ( )2. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it? A. foots B. feet C. feets ( )3. Can you see nine ____ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse ( )4. The _____ has two______. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch

(完整版)英语名词单复数练习

名词词法过关练习(一) 一、把单数变成复数 ?coat _______ skirt _______ ?dress _______ house _______ ?watch _______ car _______ ?brush _______ box _______ ?toy _______ umbrella _______ ?ticket _______ cloakroom _______ ?teacher _______ son _______ ?student _______ job _______ ?operator _______ fly _______ 二、请写出下列名词复数加s后的读音: pens [ ] ducks [ ] dogs [ ] chicks [ ] bears [ ] rabbits [ ] cards [ ] flowers [ ] buses [ ] boxes [ ] watches [ ] brushes [ ] 三、写出下列名词的复数并写出所加s或es的音标。glass —— [ ] match —— [ ] wish —— [ ] baby ——[ ] butterfly — [ ] boy — [ ] toy — [ ] 名词词法过关练习(二) 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. We are ________ (student). 2. I have five ________ (watch). 3. Her father is a ________ (doctor). 4. What’s your ______ (job)? 5. What are their ________ (job)? 6. These _________ (shelf) are not very good. 7. Two ________ (wolf) are in the forest. 8. The ____________ (housewife) are very lazy. 9. I have two ________ (knife). Do you need one? 10. There is a _______ (hero). 11. This _______ (potato) is very nice. 12. There is a red _________ (tomato) on the table. 13. We have four ________ (piano) in our school. 三、选择填空 ( ) 1. The _____ are on the table. A. knife B. knifes C. knives ( ) 2. We need three more _____ to cook chips. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes ( ) 3. What big _____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. toothes C. teeth ( ) 4. Please remember to give the horse some______. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf ( ) 5. There are 34 _____ in our school. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. womans teachers ( ) 6、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos ( )7. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans ( )8. That’s art book. A. an B. a C. the D are ( )9. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish ( )10. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches ( )11. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B.we tooths C. us teeth D.our teeth ( )12. In Britain _____ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 四、写出下列句子的复数句子。 1. This is my friend. 2. That is his brother. 3. Is this your sister? 4. Is that her cousin? 5. What’s this? 6. This is an apple tree. 7. It is an old backpack. 8. Yes,it is. 名词词法过关练习(三) 一、选择a或an或不填(用/表示) pen bag apple big apple

小学英语名词单复数练习

名词、名词的数、可数名词的复数形式、不可数名词练习题 一、用英语表示下列专有名词 XX圣诞节XXXX星期五XXXX莉莉 二、写出普通名词 苹果蜜蜂鸟鱼面包狗 三、写出下列名词的复数形式EggwatchstorykniferadiotomatodeskglasschildsheepChineseman 四、在正确的名词复数形式后画v,错误的画X 1. girl: girls___ girles ___ 2. " trousers: trousers ___trouser___ 3. boX: boXes ___boXes___ 4. " story: stories___ storys___ 5. piano: pianos ___ pianoes ___ 6. "potato:

potatoes___potatos___ 五、把单数名词与其对应的复数形式用线连起来。 1. map A. c oats 2. class B. f ishes 3. life C. deer 4. coat D. geese 5. fish E. m aps 6. hero F. heroes 7. gooseG.classes 8. deerH. lives 六、选择填空。 1. The farmer raised饲养)ten _ . A. sheeps B. deers C. horse

D. sheep 2. The old man has ___ on his nose. A. a glass B. a glasses C. a pair of glasses D. a pair of glass 3. There are some __ in these ___. A. knifes; pencil-boxes B. knives; pencils-box C. knives; pencil-boxes D. knives; pencils-boxes 4. She wishes to make ___ with us. A. a friend B. friends C. the friend D. one friend 七、翻译下列短语。 1. ______________ 一块肉 2. _______________ " 一片面包 3. _________________ "一杯茶 4. ______________ 一瓶xx 5. _________________ " 一杯牛奶 6. _________________ "一杯水

小学英语名词变复数练习题

一、名词 2.以下词为常为不可数名词,他们的复数形式就是他们本身。 Water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange(橙汁)juice(果汁)bread(面包)写出下列各词的复数 I _________this ___________that___________ watch _______child _______photo ________diary _________ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________ thief _______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice_______ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea_____ 名词单复数 (1)名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有单复数,一律看作单数。(2)可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用an? 答:以元音音标(或音素)开头的用an。 以辅音音标(或音素)开头的用a。 注意:我们看的是音标(或音素),而不是元音字母。 一、选择a或an或不填(用/表示) pen bag apple big apple banana orange oranges orange pen ③单复同形的名词有: chinese 中国人Japanese日本人 sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 fish 鱼 注意:fish①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es. 如:all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。 5.不规则名词复数: 1. I have two_____ (knife)

初中英语名词单复数练习题

选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示) pen bag apple big apple banana orange oranges orange pen hour house umbrella university A[ei] U[ju:] H[eitF] R[a:] B[bi:] M[em] E chick water child children 用a/an填空: ①Is it Chinese book or English book? ②This is ring, and it is orange ring. ③Mary is English teacher. Tom is Chinese teacher. ④This is bike. It’s old bike. ⑤This is telephone number. ⑥That is ID card. ⑦I lost my keys. It’s set of keys. ⑧It’s apple, not pear. ⑨This is peach. That’s orange. ⑩Y ou have banana, but I have egg. ①Is there umbrella on the desk? ②There is island in the sea. ③There is picture on the card. ④I have old book. ⑤apple is a kind of fruit. ⑥There is armchair[a:mtFeE(r)] in the living room. ⑦I’d like egg. ⑧Look, there is bird in the tree. ⑨Is there map on the wall? ⑩There is bench[bentF] in the park. 写出下列名词的复数: butterfly —sky —thief— boy —toy —leaf— wife(妻子)—life(生命)—half— knife(小刀)—shelf(架子)—potato—photo__ man—Chinese_________ German___________ woman—Japanese_____________ hero________ tooth—sheep_______________ negro____________ foot—fish_________________ tomato____________

英语语法 名词单复数总结

名词与名词词组——重点是名词的“数” 名词的数(number)——单数(singular number)和复数(plural number)

英语名词复数的思维规律,及与汉语名词复数的区别 名词的可数与不可数这一区分反映了中国人与英美人在看待客观物质世界时所持的两种不同的世界观。在本栏目接下来的几期内容中,笔者就要和大家一起来探讨“老外”看待物质世界的四大思维规律,帮助大家从英语思维的高度来理解并区分英文名词的可数与不可数。下面笔者首先来分析第一个规律:不可分隔的物质与可分隔的个体物品。该规律包含四个方面的内容,本期先着重讨论第一、二方面的内容。 物质名词表示个体物品时转化为可数名词 在英文中,一个名词若表示无法分隔的物质,或者说被分隔之后各个部分与原先整体没有本质差别,我们就无法用数目来计量它,只能将其看作一个整体,此时该名词是不可数名词。但如果在特定的语境中,这个名词表示能够分隔的个体物品,则转为可数名词。比如说我们每时每刻都需要呼吸的“空气”(air),是无法被分隔成个体的,或者说被分隔之后的各个部分的空气与原先整体的空气没有本质差别,依然还是空气,我们无法用数目1、2、3等来计量它,因而air表示“空气”时是不可

数的。下面举几个例句来说明: 1. Let’s go out and get some fresh air. 让我们出去呼吸些新鲜空气。 在上面这个例子中,air前面没有加不定冠词an修饰,因为air在这个语境中用作不可数名词,不能被不定冠词修饰。值得注意的是,air除了表示大家熟悉的“空气”这个意思之外,还可以指人的外表、神态、气质,或者指周围环境的氛围、气氛。此时,air表示某一种特定的神态、气质或氛围、气氛,是可以数的,因而成了一个可数名词,前面需要加不定冠词an修饰,比如: 2. There was an air of tension at the meeting.会上的气氛有点紧张。 再如下面这个例子,air指人所具有的某种具体的气质、神态: 3. John set about his task with an air of quiet confidence. 约翰悠然自信地开始了自己的工作。 当air表示“空气”这样的物质名词时是不可数的,这从我们汉语的思维角度也能理解,因为在汉语思维里,“空气”也是无法用具体数目去计量的。不过,还有很多物质名词在汉语里是可以用数目计量的,但在英文里是不可数的,这时就需要我们理解英语思维是如何看待这些物质名词的。比如,让我们中国人难以理解的是“纸”(paper)在英文里为什么是不可数的,因为我们汉语里可以说“一张纸”“两张纸”。那么英文思维又是如何看待“纸”是不可数的呢?原来,在英文思维中,“纸”被看做是一种可以无限分割的物质,比如大家拿出一张A4的纸,将它裁成两半、四半、八半等,你可以一直这样无限裁下去,但它还是一张张纸——虽然大小不同,但每张被裁的小纸片与原先A4大小的纸张在物质材料方面是没有区别的。从这个角度来看,“纸”就是不可数的。因此,“两张纸”在英语里不可以直接说“two papers”,而要说成“two pieces of paper”或“two sheets of paper”,比如下面的例句: 4. We send to China little pieces of paper for their goods. 中国人生产产品给美国人用,而我们只给了他们一些小纸片。 这是美国“股神”巴菲特日前批评美国高负债的政策时说的一句话。这里的“小纸片”指的是美国国债。不过,当把paper作为个体的物品,比如作为“报纸”“论文”或“考卷”来讲时,则是可数的。这时我们就可以说“two papers”,但不表示“两张纸”,而是表示“两份报纸”“两篇论文”或“两张考卷”,比如: 5. a. I have a term paper to write on weekend. 我周末有一篇学期论文要写。 b. I bought a paper to read news. 为了了解新闻,我买了一份报纸。 在a句中,paper的意思是“论文”,为可数名词;在b句中,paper相当于newspaper,表示“报纸”,为可数名词。 从以上例子我们看到,随着词义不同,paper的可数性也不同。与此类似的名词还有glass,该词表示“玻璃”时是不可数名词,但表示“玻璃杯”时则是可数名词,请看例句: 6. a. He broke a glass. 他打碎了一个玻璃杯。 b. He broke a piece of glass. 他打碎了一块玻璃。

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