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专八人文知识(1)及答案

Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics

Unit 1

1. Syntax is the study of ____. (TEM 8, 2005)

A. language functions

B. sentence structures

C. textual organization

D. word formation

2. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? (TEM 8, 2005)

A. Arbitrariness

B. Productivity

C. Cultural transmission

D. Finiteness

3. The distinction between parole and langue is made by ____. (TEM 8, 2006)

A. Halliday

B. Chomsky

C. Bloomfield

D. Saussure

4. The description of a language at some point in history is called a ____ study.

A. prescriptive

B. synchronic

C. descriptive

D. diachronic

5. ____ is the study of language in relation to the mind.

A. Historical linguistics

B. Psycholinguistics

C. Semantics

D. Morphology

6. Which of the following theories is NOT about the origin of language? ____

A. Divine-origin theory

B. Speech act theory

C. Invention theory

D. Evolution theory

7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is ____.

A. directive

B. informative

C. phatic

D. emotive

8. ____ is regarded as “father of modern linguistics”.

A. Halliday

B. Whorf

C. Saussure

D. Chomsky

9. The study which applies the findings of linguistics to teaching English as a foreign language is often referred to as ____.

A. psycholinguistics

B. applied linguistics

C. pragmatics

D. sociolinguistics

Answers:

1-5: BDDBB 6-9: BCCB

Unit 2

1. ____ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. (TEM 8, 2007)

A. Phonology

B. Morphology

C. Semantics

D. Sociolinguistics

2. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? ___(TEM 8, 2008)

A. Arbitrariness

B. Displacement

C. Duality

D. Diachronicity

3. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is ____ (TEM 8, 2009)

A. corpus linguistics

B. sociolinguistics

C. theoretical linguistics

D. psycholinguistics

4. ____ is the knowledge of the rules of an ideal spe aker’s language.

A. Performance

B. Capacity

C. Ability

D. Competence

5. Which of the following is NOT a major branch of linguistics? ____

A. Phonetics

B. Pragmatics

C. Speech

D. Sociolinguistics

6. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the ____ feature of language.

A. duality

B. displacement

C. arbitrariness

D. productivity

7. In traffic lights, red can only mean stop. But in human languages, limited phonemes can form numerous words which can form unlimited sentences. This is a good illustration of the ____ feature of language.

A. duality

B. displacement

C. arbitrariness

D. cultural transmission

8. In linguistics, the study of meaning is called ____.

A. phonology

B. morphology

C. semantics

D. sociolinguistics

9. The study of language as a whole is usually called ____.

A. applied linguistics

B. sociolinguistics

C. general linguistics

D. psycholinguistics

Answers:

1-5: BDDDC 6-9: CACC

Unit 3

1. Which of the following modes of study emphasizes the “standards” of language? ____

A. Descriptive

B. Prescriptive

C. Synchronic

D. Diachronic

2. The distinction between competence and performance is made by ____.

A. Saussure

B. Bloomfield

C. Sapir

D. Chomsky

3. Which of the following does NOT belong to the Indo-European family? ____

A. French

B. Bengali

C. Chinese

D. Polish

4. That language can be used to refer to things that are not present in time or space is a good illustration of the ____ feature of language.

A. duality

B. displacement

C. arbitrariness

D. productivity

5. ____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

A. Dialect

B. Parole

C. Langue

D. Performance

6. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? ____

A. Language is a system

B. Language is symbolic

C. Animals also have languages

D. Language is arbitrary

7. The fact that we can always write new sentences to express our new ideas is a good illustration of the ____ feature of language.

A. duality

B. displacement

C. arbitrariness

D. productivity

8. According to Saussure, ____ refers to the real utterances produced by real people in real situation.

A. performance

B. langue

C. parole

D. competence

9. The study of the relationship between language and gender is in the realm of ____.

A. psycholinguistics

B. sociolinguistics

C. pragmatics

D. applied linguistics Answers:

1-5: BDCBC 6-9: CDCB

专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版

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美国文学 part 1 1607-1776 北美殖民时期 Colonial Settlements John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）美国文学史上第一个作家 Part 2 1776-1783 独立革命时期 Revolution of Independence Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书 Thomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets） Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命） The Age of Reason 理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）美国独立之父 the father of American revolution Thomas Jefferson 独立宣言 Declaration of Independence Part 3 浪漫主义时期 Romanticism Washington Irving The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始） The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说 Rip Van Winkle里普?万?温克尔(李伯大梦) 美国文学之父 James Fenimore Cooper The Pilot领航者The Spy间谍 The Pioneer拓荒者 Ralf Waldo Emerson Nature论自然 The American Scholar论美国学者 Self-reliance论自立超验主义 Henry David Thoreau Walden瓦尔登湖 Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字 19世界影响最大的浪漫主义小说家 Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass草叶集 Song of Myself 自我之歌 part 4 现实主义时期 Mark Twain The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Henry James Daisy Miller The American The Portrait of a Lady Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie An American Tragedy part 5 现代主义时期 American Modernism Ezra Pound In a station of the Metro在地铁站

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10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》 14、Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》；《屈伸求爱》；《威客菲尔德牧师传》，感伤主义文学；诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志；散文作品《世界公民》； 15、谢里丹：《造谣学校》，莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧，是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一；达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅；五、维多利亚时期的英国文学（19世纪）

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