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2011年12月17四级快速阅读真题及答案

2011年12月17四级快速阅读真题及答案
2011年12月17四级快速阅读真题及答案

2011年12月17四级快速阅读真题及答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Why Integrity Matters

What is Integrity?

"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethicalprinciples; honesty." The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standardsfor oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to thosestandards each day. On e who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical stan dardseven when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure tosucceed, or temptation.

What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standa rds? We feel disappointed inourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust isessentia l in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someonewho is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.

Risky Business

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decisio n-making process has beenundermined by stress or peer pressure.

The real test of character is whether we can learn from ourmistak e, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similarproblems in the future.

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future proble ms. We must learn to recognizerisks, because if we can't see the ri sks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identifyris ks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For exa mple, one who doesn't knowthe rules about plagiarism may accide ntally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or onewho f ails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quot e and cite sources asrequired. But the fact that such a violation is " unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct.Ignorance is not a defense.

"But Everybody Does It"

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but m anage to fool themseWhyIntegrity Matters

What is Integrity?

"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty." The key to integrity isconsistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respectfor others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. O

ne who has integrity is boundby and follows moral and ethical stan dards even when making life's hard choices, choices whichmay be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.

What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standa rds? We feel disappointed inourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust isessentia l in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someonewho is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.

Risky Business

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decisio n-making process has beenundermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from ourmistak e, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similarproblems in the future.

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future proble ms. We must learn to recognizerisks, because if we can't see the ri sks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identifyris ks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For exa mple, one who doesn't knowthe rules about plagiarism may accide ntally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or onewho f

ails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quot e and cite sources asrequired. But the fact that such a violation is " unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct.Ignorance is not a defense.

"But Everybody Does It"

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but m anage to fool themseWhyIntegrity Matters

What is Integrity?

"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty." The key to integrity isconsistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respectfor others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. O ne who has integrity is boundby and follows moral and ethical stan dards even when making life's hard choices, choices whichmay be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.

What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standa rds? We feel disappointed inourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust isessentia l in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someonewho is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.

Risky Business

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decisio n-making process has beenundermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from ourmistak e, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similarproblems in the future.

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future proble ms. We must learn to recognizerisks, because if we can't see the ri sks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identifyris ks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For exa mple, one who doesn't knowthe rules about plagiarism may accide ntally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or onewho f ails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quot e and cite sources asrequired. But the fact that such a violation is " unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct.Ignorance is not a defense.

"But Everybody Does It"

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but m anage to fool themseelvesabout the risks they're taking by using e xcuses: "Everyone else does it,"

"I'm not hurting anyone,"or "I really need this grade." Excuses can

get very elaborate:

"I know I'm looking at another'sexam, even though I'm supposed t o keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheatingbecause I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest a bout our actions, andavoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into belie ving we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see thereal choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.

To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if youractions were public, and anyone co uld be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud orasha med of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a goo d indication that you'retaking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks

To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the co nsequences, in the future as wellas right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven'tconsidered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and mayinclude a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismis sal from school;transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In

fact, when you break a rule or law, you losecontrol over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no co ntrol overwhat that punishment might be. This is an extremely pre carious and vulnerable position. Theremay be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.

Getting Away With It--Or Not

Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students

have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.

Cheating Hurts Others, Too

Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters

If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we

couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual

well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.

In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.

1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.

A) sticks to them in their daily life

B) makes them known to others

C) understands their true values

D)sees that others also follow them

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

A) It helps to create team spirit

B) It facilitates communication

C) It is the basis of mutual trust

D) It inspires mutual respect

3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?

A. To ensure we make responsible choices.

B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.

C. so that we don’t break any rules.

D. so that we don’t run int o trouble.

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?

A. it has caused no harm.

B. it is claimed to be unintentional.

C. it has gone unnoticed.

D. it is committed with good intentions.

5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?

A. Avoid making excuses.

B. Listen to other people’s advice.

C. Make his intensions public.

D. Have others watch over his shoulder.

6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.

A. will often become more cautious

B. are usually very aggressive

C. value immediate benefits most.

D. may lose everything in the end

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.

A) pay more dearly

B) become more confident

C) be widely admired

D) feel somewhat lucky

8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to _______

9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s

_______

10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _______.

参考答案:

1-5 ACABA 6-7 CA

8 stealing a grade

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(-) -----2017^12^*¥S?Egai^i4SiB¥Si^#)8 — (S B1*) -.U l Part I Writing w,^f f i*^?i'j“how”±f f i0i n#*M a n-K s y6W“=^”3f s^^#,s^n r i¥^o k , x w u m-w a m w,-m h^m wrn,w msj&o l jm nrnm _,;i i|i i-p s w i}|-|'iw* J1-5^S^ T-^^^WiSS7XtfcLii|j j||(etemal find universal) 1112. X^$S A W W,]£^^&zP i£ii^'fi$8j(depend more on what children do) .1. MM&infc A,o u t-d a t e d)invisible generation gap) _j2' down our Pace)> ' |awkward silence between parents and us) 13. ^g A l?l^^i3^'9:XSt(talk more with parents) H>J rE f3M&,:R^f(frequ en t c o m m u n i c a t i o n)6^^ % Communication Is the Best Gift for Parents C l) The relationship between parents and children is an eternal and universal topic for m ankind. Our relationship with parents might be different at different ages. ? And for young people at their 20s, I think it will depend more on what children do. ?The reason why I say so is that as we grow up, our parents who were our idols before gradually get old and even out-dated. @However hard efforts they make, they could not catch up with our steps, leading to the so-called invisible generation gap. ? Thus, if we cannot slow down our pace,there will definitely be an awkward ?As a result ft W g i b:¥ silence between parents and us,which is not rare now. ?As a result, young people should talk more with P i eternal TjcfSfft parents to share our feelings and to understand each universal other better. Everyone wants loving parents who are open and supportive. ?Only through frequent communication with them,can we establish such a harmonious idol M invisible J U M&J awkward supportive relationship.establish jjiY/l #r* n o *t—■+/L£&}%-&, ^.i A^ J j 5c#^ £ & A£ j f*.& f-?-f & £?L

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2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第3套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague Delivered a 26 to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that’s best --- 28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient We’ve 29 business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30 using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when

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