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2019年高考英语一轮精选练Unit4Earthquakes试题新人教版必修120180828574

2019年高考英语一轮精选练Unit4Earthquakes试题新人教版必修120180828574
2019年高考英语一轮精选练Unit4Earthquakes试题新人教版必修120180828574

Unit 4 Earthquakes

李仕才

一、阅读理解。

(2018·四川省成都市诊断性检测)

What are your retirement plans? Keep working? Get more exercise? Or learn something new? You may put them on hold. There’s a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars (火星).On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. Set in the not-so-distant year of 2037, the igloo-shaped structure could be the home of your future.

It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisable—kitchen, bedroom—but there are fundamental differences that are vital for human survival.

As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth’s, people will need permanent shelter from the sun and society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won’t have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.

Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double air-locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.

“We don’t think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre,” says Stephen Petranek, author of How We’ll Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of sci-fi. “Ten to twenty years from now there will certainly be people on Mars,” Petranek says.

“We’ve had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we haven’t had the will,” Petranek says. “But two main factors have completely swung public attitudes.”

The private companies’ participation has forced government agencies to up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught society’s eye.

【解题导语】 本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍。

1.What can we know about the show home from the text?

A.It has no windows or doors due to security concern.

B.Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.

C.It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.

D.Its underground passages connect all the buildings together.

B 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句可推知,火星样板房的设计采用了可回收的宇宙飞船上的一些部件,体现了环保意识,故选B。

2.What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.Put them off. B.Give them away.

C.Carry them through. D.Take them seriously.

A 解析:词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句可推知,之前的列举都可能被搁置下来,而去火星居住迟早会成为可能,故选A。

3.According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars?

A.The great influence of Mars show home.

B.The development of related technology.

C.The competition from private companies.

D.The popularity of influential books on Mars.

C 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The private companies’ participation has forced government agencies to up their game”可知,Petranek认为一些私人企业的参与促进了送人类去火星居住这一设想的进程,故选C。

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Living on Mars: Possible or Not

B.Sending People to Mars: Yes or No

C.First Ever Show Home: How Is It Made?

D.Future Home on Mars: What Will It Be like?

D 解析:标题归纳题。根据全文的整体内容可推知,本文主要对人类未来在火星上居

住作了相关介绍,故选D。

二、单句语法填空

1.It had gotten very cold, and I guessed the good weather was an end.

答案:at

2.With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely

in (ruin).

答案:ruins

3.In the past ten years a number of high buildings (arise) where there was nothing but ruins.

答案:have arisen

4.(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?

答案:had done

5.When she heard about the news that her father had died in the accident, she burst

out (cry).

答案:crying

6.This (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for

her now.

答案:frightened

7.After very careful consideration, I decided to take a risk based on my own (judge).

答案:judgment

8.On arriving there, we expressed our (congratulate) to him on his success.

答案:congratulations

9.A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those (trap) in the building.

答案:trapped

10.(2018·北京东城一模)My daughter, job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.

答案:whose

三、完形填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳

选项。

Six-year-old Matthew Parker was in need of a kidney (肾) transplant,and his family looked all over the country for a suitable donor.Up to 80 people signed up

to __1__ a living organ to the first-grader.Coincidentally,the person chosen to donate a kidney to Matthew was his __2__,Lindesy Painter.

Matthew had been on the transplant machine for a __3__ time and developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys,so it was __4__ to find a match for him.The doctor

had __5__ the family to be“realistic”and used the term“needle in a

haystack”several times.

When __6__ were asked to be tested,Painter was the first one to sign

up.__7__ the teacher learned the results,she had to get several __8__ done.She was __9__ when she got a call back saying she was a“__10__ match”.

Painter didn't make the __11__ lightly.She knew that Matthew needs a kidney,and she had pity __12__ anyone going through this.It was especially difficult for her to __13__ the condition __14__ one of her two sons.

“I watch my healthy,__15__,loud,wild children running around,”she said.“Matthew deserves to __16__ a normal,healthy,active life like my boys.”

Matthew was so excited to __17__ that his teacher would be donating a kidney to him that he hugged her.His mother was __18__ grateful to Lindsey Painter,saying her son's donor was a“selfless”and“giving person”for __19__ her son.

The __20__ for the kidney donation took place in the following month.Matthew's mother said,“My son's new kidney means a special bond between student and teacher that goes far beyond the classroom.”

1.A.give up B.give off

C.give in D.give down

2.A.mother B.deskmate

C.friend D.teacher

3.A.long B.short

C.limited D.good

4.A.easy B.difficult

C.convenient D.quick

5.A.accused B.stopped

C.warned D.blamed

6.A.students B.doctors

C.nurses D.volunteers

7.A.After B.Before

C.When D.Until

8.A.tests B.preparations

C.lessons D.worries

9.A.frightened B.pleased

C.astonished D.annoyed

10.A.eager B.rare

C.common D.perfect

11.A.progress B.practice

C.mistake D.decision

12.A.for B.on

C.to D.in

13.A.imagine B.pretend

C.support D.waste

14.A.threatening B.occurring

C.affecting D.informing

15.A.passive B.active

C.tiring D.boring

16.A.suffer B.survive

C.bear D.live

17.A.feel B.learn

C.wonder D.suppose

18.A.deeply B.crazily

C.noisily D.quietly

19.A.sharing B.beating

C.saving D.discovering

20.A.operations B.packages

C.stories D.struggles

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的Matthew Parker需要合适的肾源做肾移植手术。巧合的是,在这些愿意捐肾的志愿者当中,Matthew Parker的老师是最佳人选。学生和老师被这个肾脏紧密联系在一起。

1.A 考查动词短语辨析。根据文章第一句中的“in need of a kidney(肾) transplant”可知,Matthew Parker需要做肾脏移植手术,因此这里指有80个人愿意捐肾。give up意为“放弃,让与”,在此处指“捐出”,符合语境。故选A。

2.D 考查名词辨析。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“his teacher would be donating a kidney to him”可知,被选定捐肾的人是Matthew Parker的老师。故选D。

3.A 考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys”以及下文医生的警告可知,Matthew Parker已经等了很长时间了。long意为“长的”,符合语境。故选A。

4.B 考查形容词辨析。根据下一句“The doctor had ________ the family to

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