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Having raised eight children of my own, I know the dilemma (左右为难) parents face. In a world increasingly hostile to children, we want to show we care by acting on our loving impulses, which usually means spending. But when our kids came home asking for the latest designer wear, my wife and I knew we had to say "no" more often than not. Of course, deciding to have no TV in the house was the first real breakthrough; I doubt we would have won this battle without freeing ourselves from its influence.

As a child, I grew up in what I now see was poverty. For the first few years of my life, I ate only the smallest amount. Yet, I would find it hard to imagine a happier childhood. Why Because my parents gave us children time and attention on a daily basis. For instance, no matter how busy they were, they tried to eat breakfast with us before we went off to school each morning.

No child should have to live in poverty. But I firmly believe that the happiness of child does not depend on his or her access to material wealth. After all, it is the love we give our children, and not the things, that will remain with them for life.

Having worked thirty years as a family counselor, I know that parents really do love their children, and want to do what is best for them. But what does it meant to give a child love Next time you feel that you have failed your kids, and are tempted to relieve those feelings by bringing home gifts, remember that we can't buy our children's affection. All they really want, and need, is time and attentiveness, a listening ear and an encouraging word. These are things every parent can provide.

1 What the author most concerns about is ____

how to make children pleased

how to give children the true love

how to educate his children

how to meet the children's needs

2 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true

A. The author lived in a poor family when he was very young.

B. He never brought any gifts to his children.

C. When he was a child, his parents cared him and other children much in their own way

D. Every parent has the ability to provide love for his or her children.

3. In paragraph 1, when the author says, "But when our kidswe had to say 'no' more often then not", he means____________

A. he could not afford too much

B. in order not to spoil his children, he didn't always satisfy their material needs.

C. though he loved his children, he didn't always satisfy their material needs.

D. he wanted to fight against his children

4. The sentence "I would find it hard to imagine a happier childhood" means ______

A. his childhood was much happier than he could imagine

B. he did not have a happy childhood because of poverty

C. it's hard to imagine whether he had had a happy childhood

D. none of the above

5. What does the author think is the best for his children

A. Gifts

B. A listening ear and an encouraging word

C. Time and attentiveness

D. Both B and C

In the 1990s．everyone believed that education was the key to economic Success．A college

degree．even a post．graduate degree，was essential for everyone who wanted a good job as 0ne of

those“symbolic analyst”．

在二十世纪九十年代，每个人都相信教育是经济成功的关键。大学学历，甚至是一个在职的研究生学位，对每个想获得好工作诸如“符号分析师“人也是必须的。

But computers are proficient at analyzing symbols；it is the messiness of the real world thal

thev haye trouble with．Therefore，many of the jobs that once required a college degree have

been eliminated．The others can be done by any intelligent person，whether or not he has studied

literature．

计算机精通分析符号，但是他所存在问题，在真实世界是混乱的。因此，许多以前需要大学学历的工作现在已经取消了。其他的工作能够通过许多聪明的人来完成，无论他是不是学习过文学。

This trend should have been obvious in 1 996．Even then，American’s richest man was BⅢ Bates．a cOllege dropout who did not need a lot of formal education to build the world’s most powerful information technology company．

这种趋势自1996年后变得很明显。甚至是美国最富有的人比尔盖茨。一个大学退学生，他不需要许多正常的教育来构建强有力的信息技术公司。

Or consider the panic over“downsizing”that gripped America in 1 996．An economists quicklv pointed out the rate at which Americans were losing jobs in the 90s was not especially

high bv historical standards．Downsizing suddenly became news because，for the first time，

white-coilar．college—educated workers were being fired in large numbers，even while skilled mechanists and other blue—collar workers were in demand．This should have signaled that the

days of the ever-rising wage premiums for people with higher education were over．或者，（咱们）考虑下1996年笼罩在美国的“裁员”恐巨慌。一个经济学家很快指出90年代在美国失业率与标准相比并不特别高。裁员突然成为新闻，因为第一次的，大批受过大学教育的白领工作被解雇，即使同时需求熟练的机械师和其他蓝领工人。这应该标志着以前对受过较高教育的人给予较高的工资奖金的时代结束了。

Eventualty,the eroding payoff of higher education created a crisis in education itself．Why should a student put himself through four years of college and several years of postgraduate work

to acquire academic credentials with little monetary value?These days,jobs that require only 6

or 12 months of vocational training-carpentry,household maintenance and so

on--pay nearly as much as if not more than a job that requires a master's degree,and pay more

than one requiring a Ph．D．．

最终，削弱高等教育的所获收入回报在教育本身也引起了危机。为什么一个上了四年大学和几年研究生的学生获得较高的学术资历但工作时获得较少的金钱价值？现在的时代，需要6-12个月的假期儿童看护工作，木工，家务保洁工等等，工资支付的几乎一样多，好象这些没有一个需要硕士学位的工作比需要博士学位的工作工资高一些。

So enrOllment in colleges and universities has dropped almost two-thirds，since

its peak at

the turn of this century．Today a place like Harvard is，a it was in the 1 9th century,more of a

social institution than a scholarly one——a place for children of the wealthy to refine their social graces and befriend others of their class．

因此高校入学率下降了约三分之二，而在本世纪初是入学的高峰。今天当哈佛这样的地方，在19世纪是一个社会性多于学者性的学院，是一个让有钱的孩子们变得在社会上优雅并能友好的对待他们同阶层的人的地方。

1．What is the author’s opinion of higher education in future?

A)It will be the key to economic success．

B)It will become something like professional training．

C)The devaluation of higher education will be the trend．

D)The focus of higher education will move to computer science．

2．The author gives the example of Bill Gates to—————．

A)prove the trend mentioned above

B)show the importance of formal education

C)tell readers how to build a computer company

D)illustrate the development of information technology

3．The word“downsizing”(Line 1，Para．4)probably means ．

A)turning down B)reducing in number

C)moving toward the lower side D、manufacturing a smaller version

4．Why is there a crisis in higher education?

A)People can’t get expected payoff from higher education．

B)people think it’s too long for them to acquire academic ．

C)Other professions are more attractive．credentials

D)It is too difficult for people to acquire a Ph．D．．

5．The best title for the passage would be—————．

A)The Depression of the White—collars B1 The Devaluation of Higher Education C)The impact of Information Technology D1 The Impact of“Downsizing”

Passage 4

We received your letter dated 2nd July, expressing your dissatisfaction with the present level of our sales in Nigeria. We shall try to explain as briefly as possible how it is that our competitors are doing so well so that you may see why it is that we are not. We shall also suggest ways of improving the present situation. Our difficulties may be summarized as follows.

Our competitors pay for extensive advertising in newspapers and magazines that reach every corner of Nigeria. We receive no financial help for advertising and do not receive sufficient commission (佣金) to pay for it ourselves.

The company referred to in your letter sent a two-man team on a tour of six provinces in a specially equipped lorry containing the models they wished to publicize. Their agent had arranged displays in the towns they were due to visit and announced them in the local press. With such backing from the manufacturer, high sales are inevitable!

What sells well in Europe does not necessarily sell well elsewhere. Our competitors know this and plan accordingly. They give maximum publicity to three or four models that are sure to sell well here. We would suggest that you do the same and concentrate on the 98cc Speedy, the 250cc Hunter and the 350cc Hawk.

In spite of the excellent containership(集装箱船) service between England and West Africa, we still have to wait far too long for orders to be shipped. Once they have placed an order, customers are impatient to receive it. Our present commission of 10% does not allow us to undertake sales tours in other regions. Nigeria covers an area of over 350,000 square miles and our present commission will not cover the expense of such trips.

1. What’s the purpose of writing this letter?

A.To express the dissatisfaction with the sales in Nigeria.

B.To express the difficulties in sales in Nigeria.

C.To suggest ways of improving the services in Nigeria.

D.To suggest sales methods in Nigeria.

2. The competitors are doing so well because ____________.

E.they advertise extensively

F.they receive sufficient commission

G.they receive financial help for advertising

H.they know how to advertise

3. We don’t advertise in Nigeria because ____________.

I.we are not allowed to do so

J.we can’t afford the advertising costs

K.we have publicized our models on sales tours

L.we think it is no use advertising there

4.According to the author, what sells well in Europe________________________.

A. sells well elsewhere

B. does not sell well elsewhere

C. may not sell well elsewhere

D. may generate a lot of profits

5. The relationship between the sender and receiver of the letter is that of ____________.

A. the manufacturer and the customer

B. business competitors

C. the sales agent and the manufacturer

D. the boss and the employee

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