Experimental Studies of the Viscosities in the CaO-FenO-SiO2 slag
Table
I.Materials Used in the Present Study
Material Purity Supplier
Calcium oxide
(CaO)anhydrous,AR grade Fisher Scienti?c (Fair Lawn,New Jersey)Iron oxide (Fe 2O 3)anhydrous,AR grade Fisher Scienti?c (Fair Lawn,New Jersey)Silicon oxide (SiO 2)proanalyze grade E.Merck
(Darmstadt,Germany)Iron (Fe)proanalyze grade E.Merck
(Darmstadt,Germany)Argon (Ar)
argon plus
AGA Gas (Stockholm)
Fig.1—Experimental setup.
Table II.
The Measured Viscosities of CaO-SiO 2and Fe n O-SiO 2Slags
Temper-ature,K Viscosity,mPa ?s CaO-SiO 2slag
(35.9pct mass CaO-64.1pct mass SiO 2)
1773176317531743173317281723171817131634.01699.51837.01999.72143.72253.32356.22459.32572.0Fe n O-SiO 2slag
(65.0pct mass Fe n O-35.0pct mass SiO 2)
175317231688167316431623157315231503
47.352.358.861.868.775.688.6112.5124.1
in the gas phase.The traces of moisture in the argon gas were removed by passing the gas through columns of silica gel and Mg(ClO 4)2,and the CO 2impurity was absorbed by ascarite kept in the gas stream.The gas was further passed through a column of copper turnings at 773K to remove the traces of oxygen.The oxygen partial pressure of the gas was monitored constantly by a ZrO 2-CaO oxygen probe and found to be about 10?9atm during both the preparation of the slags and the viscosity measurements.The slag sample was heated up to a temperature of 1753K and held at that temperature for more than 12hours.After furnace cooling,the slag was taken out and ocularly examined to ascertain that the sample had completely been melted.The slag along with the iron crucible was then stored in a desiccator before being used in the viscosity measurement.
II.
APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE
The rotating cylinder method was employed for viscosity measurements.Figure 1shows the experimental setup.A Brook?eld digital viscometer (model RVDV-3)controlled by a PC through a DV-III controller was used in the present work.The full scale torque associated with the viscometer was 7.187?10?4N ?m.The acquisition of the torque values and the calculations of the viscosities were carried out using the software supplied by Brook?eld.
A high-temperature furnace,Laboratory Furnace Group 1000,supplied by Thermal Technology Inc.(Santa Rosa,CA)was used for the measurements.The furnace had a specially designed graphite heating element and was con-trolled by a Eurotherm Model 818controller using an op-tical pyrometer sensor.The crucible containing the slag was placed in an alumina reaction tube mounted vertically in-side the furnace.Special care was taken to ensure that the crucible was positioned in the even temperature zone of the furnace.Alumina radiation shields were placed both above and below the crucible.This arrangement would ensure that the variation of the temperature in the uniform temperature zone of the furnace was less than ?3K in the entire ex-perimental temperature range.A Pt-10pct Rh/Pt thermo-couple in an alumina sheath was placed in contact with the bottom of the crucible so that the slag temperature could be measured accurately during the experiment.
The viscometer was rigidly mounted on a movable plat-form above the furnace so that it could be adjusted to be aligned to the crucible.A metal ?ange-TEFLON*bellows
*TEFLON is a trademark of E.I.Du Pont de Nemours &Co.,Inc.,Wilmington,DE.
coupling was used to close the gap between the viscometer and the alumina reaction chamber.
As mentioned earlier,the iron crucible used for the pre-melting of the slag was later employed for the viscosity measurement.The spindles used in the experiments were also made of pure iron (Armco iron)and were identical to each other.As shown in Figure 1,the spindle consisted of a bob and a shaft.The dimensions of the bob were 16mm in diameter and 27mm in height,with 45-deg tapers at the tip and near the shaft.The shaft was 4mm in diameter and 53mm in length.
In a general run,after the crucible with the premelted slag was placed in the uniform temperature zone of the furnace,the spindle mounted on the iron transducer was introduced into the alumina reaction tube.The reaction chamber was then sealed by coupling the TEFLON bellows and the metal ?ange.The length of the TEFLON bellows was adjusted to keep the iron spindle 1cm above the slag.A stream of argon gas was introduced through the gas inlet
Table III.
The measured Viscosities of Some CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2Ternary Slags Temperature,
K
CaO Pct Mass Fe n O Pct Mass Viscosities mPa ?s Temperature,
K
CaO Pct Mass Fe n O Pct Mass Viscosities mPa ?s 1753 5.5050.00155.2162324.3835.00109.31723 5.5050.00179.0157324.3835.00138.51698 5.5050.00210.7152324.3835.00183.61673 5.5050.00262.8149324.3835.00232.3175314.9535.00335.2147324.3835.00267.7172314.9535.00400.1175336.9018.00189.1167314.9535.00540.0173836.9018.00206.11753 6.9070.0022.31172336.9018.00226.51723 6.9070.0024.14169836.9018.00270.21673 6.9070.0027.88167336.9018.00325.81623 6.9070.0034.18175345.5711.00188.1175315.0050.0051.2173845.5711.00204.8172315.0050.0054.3172345.5711.00245.4172315.0050.0050.8175333.2835.0048.0167315.0050.0063.8172333.2835.0053.9167315.0050.0063.5167333.2835.0069.2162315.0050.0076.1162333.2835.0093.6162315.0050.0074.5157333.2835.00132.5157315.0050.0093.4155333.2835.00151.7152315.0050.00122.3175325.6050.0032.9147315.0050.00170.5172325.6050.0037.5142315.0050.00245.3167325.6050.0047.2172324.3835.0074.53162325.6050.0059.41673
24.38
35.00
85.9
1573
25.60
50.00
91.5
near the bottom of the furnace.The gas was led out through the gas outlet connected to the metal ?ange on the top of the furnace.After ?ushing the reaction chamber for 1hour,the ?ow rate of argon gas was reduced.Thereafter,a con-stant ?ow of argon (about 0.2L ?min ?1)was maintained during the entire course of the experiment.The slag was heated to a desired temperature at a heating rate of 5K ?min ?1.When the temperature was stabilized,the spindle,rotating at a speed of 40to 60rpm,was introduced into the molten slag by adjusting the length of the TEFLON bellows.The distance of the tip of the spindle from the crucible base was about 1.2cm,and the length of the shaft immersed in the melt was 1.0cm.The thermal equilibration time at each temperature set point was 30minutes.When the thermal equilibrium was obtained,viscosity measure-ments were carried out.Several rotation rates were em-ployed and the equilibration time for viscosity measurement at each speed of rotation was chosen to be 2minutes.The viscosity values obtained at different rotation rates were found to be in very good agreement.The viscosity meas-urements were usually carried out during the cooling cycle.However,repetitions of some measurements during the heating cycle showed very good reproducibility.
The viscometer was calibrated at 298?0.1K with four mineral oil standards with viscosities 0.0985,0.960,4.850,and 12.500Pa ?s,respectively.The viscometer was also calibrated in the temperature range of 1463to 1675K using a reference slag (consisting of Li 2O-Al 2O 3-SiO 2)developed for the BCR program of the European Union.[7]
After the viscosity measurements,some of the slags were subjected to chemical analysis using a sequential X-ray spectrometer SRS303supplied by SIEMENS*.The con-*SIEMENS is a trademark of Siemens Electrical Equipment,Toronto.
tents of CaO,FeO,and SiO 2obtained by analysis were in agreement with the weighed-in amounts within ?1pct.
III.
RESULTS
As mentioned earlier,one slag composition was chosen for both the CaO-SiO 2and Fe n O-SiO 2systems.The exper-imentally determined viscosities for the binary slags are listed in Table II.Viscosity measurements were carried out for nine CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2slags in the temperature range 1423to 1753K.The results are presented in Table III.It should be mentioned that the viscosity at each temperature listed in both Tables II and III is the average value over the experimental data obtained using ?ve different rotation rates.The maximum deviation of the experimental data from the mean values was generally found to be less than 1pct.As shown in Table III,measurements with some selected slag compositions were repeated,and the repro-ducibility of the measurements was found to be satisfactory.In all cases,the viscosity was found to decrease with the increasing temperature.
The viscosities in the CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2system at 1673K were earlier studied by different research groups.[2–5]The viscosities suggested by these researchers at this tempera-ture are compared with the present experimental data in Figure 2.While,in general,the results of the present work are within the range of the isoviscosity lines reported by Johannsen and Sishkov [4]and Kozakevitch,[5]the present viscosity values between 0.5and 1d.Pa ?s are somewhat lower than Kozakevitch’s results but agree well with the isoviscosity lines reported by Johannsen and Sishkov.The single viscosity value reported by Bodnar et al.[2]is much higher compared to the other works.Even the two values reported by Williams et al.[3]are considerably high.
Fig.2—A comparison of the present results obtained for a temperature of 1673K with the viscosities reported earlier.[2–5]
Table IV.The References of the Experimental Data Employed for the Model Calculations in the Case of Unary
and Binary Systems
System References
Unary CaO8
FeO9
SiO
210to16
Binary CaO-SiO
217to23
Fe
n O-SiO
2
20,24,and25 IV.DISCUSSION
The viscosity model developed earlier in the Division of Theoretical Metallurgy has been described in detail in an earlier publication.[1]To give an orientation to the reader, some of the salient features of the model when applied to oxide systems are presented in this section.
The viscosity,?,can be expressed by the equation
hN??G*
???exp()[1]
M R T
where h is the Planck’s constant;N is the Avogadro’s num-ber;R is the gas constant;T is the thermodynamic temper-ature;and?and M are the density and molecular weight of the melt,respectively.The term?G*in Eq.[1]is the Gibbs energy of activation for viscosity,which is consid-ered to be a function of both temperature and composition of the melt.
In the case of unary systems,the pre-exponent term in Eq.[1]can be calculated from the molecular weight and the density of the pure liquid,and the Gibbs energy of activation can be described as a temperature function in the following way:
?G*?a?bT?cT ln T? (2)
i
It has been found that the?rst two terms on the right side of Eq.[2]were suf?cient enough to describe viscosity adequately.[1]
In the case of multicomponent systems,the use of Eq.
[1]requires the molecular weight and the density of the melt.The molecular weight can be calculated by
M?X?M[3]
Σi i
where X
i
and M
i
represent,respectively,the mole fraction and the molecular weight of the component i in the solu-tion.There are a number of correlations available for de-scribing the densities in multicomponent systems.In the present model,as a?rst approximation,the average density of a solution is represented by the equation
??X??[4]
Σi i
where?
i
is the density of the pure component i in liquid state.
In the case of multicomponent systems,the Gibbs acti-vation energy can be represented as
?G*?X?G*??G*[5]
Σi i mix
where is the Gibbs energy of activation of the pure ?G*
i
component i in liquid state.The second term in Eq.[5]is due to the mutual interactions between different species and is expected to be a function of composition.In the case of ionic solutions,the Temkin description is adopted.An ox-ide ionic solution can be represented by the formula
(C1,C2,...Ci,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ab14569199.html,)(O)[6]
P Q
where P and Q are the stoichiometric coef?cients and C1, C2,Ci,...,Cn represent different cations.The ionic frac-tion of cation Ci within the cation grouping is de?ned as
N
Ci
y?[7]
Ci
N
ΣC
In Eq.[7],N represents the number of ions,and the sum-mation covers all the cations in the system.
The term may be considered to consist of two ?G*
m ix
parts:
E
?G*????T??G*[8]
mix mix
For an ionic solution,the mixing is considered to be within each of subgroupings.Hence,when only oxygen ions are present in the anionic grouping,the term??T is expressed by only the cationic terms,viz.
???R?P y?ln y[9]
ΣCi Ci
The?E term in Eq.[8]is meant to take into account G*
mix
all nonlinear,nonsymmetrical interactions between the var-ious ionic species.This term is expressed as
E
?G*?y y y L?
ΣΣΣ
mix Ci1Ci2O Ci1,Ci2(O)
y y y y[10]
ΣΣΣΣCi1Ci2Ci3O
L?...
Ci1,Ci2,Ci3(O)
In Eq.[10],while the product in the three-power sum-
Table
V.
Optimized Model Parameters for the CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2System
Component
i Density (kg ?m ?3)Molar Weight (kg ?mole ?1)?G *i
(J ?mole ?1)CaO 3.3?103 5.6079?10?2 1.85481265?105
Fe n O 4.7?1037.1846?10?2 1.33749591?105?18.0328243?T SiO 2
2.3?103
6.0085?10?2
5.33067968?105?53.2975311?T
Binary system
?E G *m ix (J ?mole ?1
)
CaO-Fe n O ?E G *m ix (CaO-Fe n O)?y Ca y Fe (1.42179806?106
?752.941653?T )
CaO-SiO 2?E G *m ix (CaO-SiO 2)?y Ca y Si (?8.57980880?105?127.654518?T ?2.61894794?105
(y Ca ?y Si ))Fe n O-SiO 2?E G *m ix (Fe n O-SiO 2)?y Fe y Si (?9.73864634?105?266.648920?T ?2.00595129?105(y Fe ?y Si ))
Ternary system
CaO-Fe n O
?E G *m ix (CaO-Fe n O)??E G *m ix (CaO-SiO 2)??E
G *m ix (Fe n O-SiO 2)?F CFS
-SiO 2
F CFS ?y Ca y Fe y Si (?1.46016880?106?1.79190291?103?T ?4.30933880?106?y Ca
?2.16403203?106?y Fe ?4.13867392?106?y Ca 2)
Fig.3—Viscosity of Fe n O as a function of temperature.
mation represents the binary interaction of different cations
Ci1and Ci2when anion O 2?is present,the product under the four-power summation represents the three-cation in-teraction when anion O 2?is present.The binary L param-eters can be expressed as
0122
L ?L ?L (y ?y )?L (y ?y )[11]Ci1,Ci2(Aj)b b Ci1Ci2b Ci1Ci2with
k k k L ?L ?L T
[12]
b
b 1b 2where k stands for 0,1,or 2.The ternary L parameters are expressed as 01
2
2L ?L ?L y ?
L y [13]
Σ
Σ
Ci1,Ci2,Ci3(Aj)t t
m m t
m m
m ?C1,C2
m ?C1,C2
with
k k k L ?L ?L T
[14]
t
t 1t 2The choice of L parameters and how many of them
should be taken into consideration depend on the system studied.
The application of the model to the ternary system CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2requires the Gibbs activation energies for the relevant unary systems and the binary interaction param-eters.In order to evaluate these parameters,model calcu-lations were carried out for the lower order systems using the experimental information from the literature,which are listed in Table IV.The optimized parameters are presented in Table V.The density data for the three oxides are also given in the same table.The only information on the vis-cosity of liquid CaO was due to Kozakevitch,who reported that liquid CaO had a viscosity less than 0.5d.Pa ?s near its melting point.Kozakevitch’s result as a private com-munication was quoted in the Slag Atlas.[8]This value was adopted in the present calculation.The calculated results for the pure liquid FeO and SiO 2are compared with the literature data in Figures 3and 4,respectively.It is seen that the experimental data are well ?tted by the model cal-culation in both cases.In view of the importance of the CaO-SiO 2system,a number of researchers [17–23]carried out viscosity measurements for the binary CaO-SiO 2slags.These results of the researcher [17–23]were found to be in reasonable agreement.Figure 5presents the comparison be-tween the model predications and the experimental viscos-ity data by different research groups [17–23]for the CaO-SiO 2
system.It is worthwhile to mention that the present exper-imental results are in good agreement with the literature data and are well reproduced by the model calculation.Sim-ilar comparison is made for the Fe n O-SiO 2system in Figure 6.In view of the considerable disagreement between the data reported by Urbain [26]in 1951and the other groups,[20,24,25]Urbain’s values were not adopted in the pres-ent calculation.It is seen in Figure 6that the experimental results by different researchers [20,24,25]are reasonably repro-duced by the model calculation,though not as impressively as in the case of the CaO-SiO 2system.This is due to the scatters in the experimental data employed for the model calculation.Experiment in the Fe n O-SiO 2system is dif?-cult,because the oxygen partial pressure has a strong effect on the slag composition and,consequently,on the viscosity
Fig.4—Viscosity of SiO 2as a function of
temperature.
Fig.5—Comparison of the model predictions with the literature data for
the CaO-SiO 2
system.
Fig.6—Comparison of the model predictions with the literature data for the Fe n O-SiO 2system.
measurements.The experimental results reported by Ur-bain [26]are also included in Figure 6.It is seen that most of Urbain’s data are far away from the calculated values.It is interesting to point out that the present experimental data are very well ?tted by the model calculation and lie in the middle of the scatter band,as shown in Figure https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ab14569199.html,ing the experimental data for the CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2sys-tem and the parameter in Table IV,the L parameters for
this ternary could be obtained.As mentioned earlier,the isoviscosity lines in the CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2system at 1673K suggested by Kozakevitch [5]and Johannsen and Sishkov [4]were in reasonable agreement with the present experimental data.However,these values were not employed in the model calculation in view of the lack of information of the raw data.It is also worthwhile to point out that because no experimental information for the CaO-Fe n O system was available,the parameters of the Ca 2+-Fe 2+binary interaction listed in Table V were obtained along with ternary param-eters based on the present experimental results.The ?E optimized for the CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2system is also G *mix presented in Table https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ab14569199.html,ing the parameters in this table,the Gibbs activation energy for the viscosity in the CaO-Fe n O-SiO 2system can be expressed as
?G *?X ?G *?X ?G *?X ?G *?
CaO CaO Fe O Fe O SiO SiO n n 22R T (y ln y ?y ln y ?y ln y )?Ca Ca Fe Fe Si Si E E ?G *(CaO-Fe O)??G *(CaO-SiO )?mix n mix 2[15]
E
6
?G *(Fe O-SiO )?y y y (?1.46016880?10
mix n 2Fe Ca Si 36?1.79190291?10?T ?4.30933880?10?y Ca 662?2.16403203?10?y ?4.13867392?10?y )
Fe Ca The calculated isoviscosity lines at 1573,1673,and 1723K are presented in Figures 7(a)through (c),respectively.The calculated results compare very well with the experi-mental values at all three temperatures.These ?gures in-dicate that,generally,the viscosity increases as the SiO 2content increases.The increase is more profound when the SiO 2content is reaching ?0.5.
X SiO 2In Figure 8,the viscosities at different temperatures are plotted as functions of composition when the mole fraction of CaO is ?xed at 0.2.It is seen that the replacement of SiO 2by Fe n O has a strong effect on the viscosity in the high SiO 2containing slags.The viscosity decreases dra-matically as the Fe n O content is increased from X FeO ?0.25
(a
)
(b
)
(c)
Fig.7—(a)Isoviscosity line in the CaO-Fe
n
O-SiO
2
system at1573K.(b)
Isoviscosity line in the CaO-Fe
n
O-SiO
2
system at1673K.(c)Isoviscosity
line in the CaO-Fe
n
O-SiO
2
system at1723K.
to X
FeO?
0.35,irrespective of the temperature.The effect
of temperature on the viscosity is also found to be profound
in the composition range near the SiO
2
saturation boundary.
Figure9presents the viscosities at different temperatures
as functions of composition when the mole fraction of Fe
n
O
is kept constant,viz.,X
FeO?
0.5.The viscosity is found to
increase when the slag composition is approaching both the
SiO
2
and CaO saturated boundaries.
V.SUMMARY
The viscosities of CaO-Fe
n
O-SiO
2
slags have been de-
termined using the rotating cylinder technique in the tem-
perature range of1423to1753K.Iron crucibles and
spindles have been employed.The comparison of the pres-
ent experimental results with the available literature data at
1673K has shown good agreement.Calculations have been
carried out using the viscosity model earlier developed at
the Division of Theoretical Metallurgy.The model calcu-
lations have been based on the present experimental data
and the information assessed for the viscosities in the rel-
evant lower order systems.The experimental data have
been very well?tted by the model calculations in the cases
of both the CaO-Fe
n
O-SiO
2
system and the corresponding
lower systems.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Partial?nancial support from the Swedish Research
Council for Engineering Sciences(TFR)for this work is
gratefully acknowledged.
Fig.8—Calculated viscosities at different temperatures,X
CaO?
0.2.
Fig.9—Calculated viscosities at different temperatures,X
FeO?
0.5.
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九年级课文翻译完整版
九年级课文翻译 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
人教版初中英语九年级U n i t3课文翻译 SectionA2d 何伟：这是欢乐时光公园——我所在城市最大的游乐园！ 艾丽斯：要尝试一些乘骑项目，我好兴奋呀！ 何伟：我们应该从哪里开始玩呢？有太空世界、水上世界、动物世界…… 艾丽斯：哦，你能先告诉我哪儿有洗手间吗？ 何伟：什么休息室你想要休息吗但是我们还没有开始玩呢！ 艾丽斯：哦，不是，我的意思不是休息间。我的意思是……你知道的，卫生间或盥洗室。何伟：嗯……那么你是指……厕所？ 艾丽斯：正是！对不起，也许“洗手间”一词在中国不常用。 何伟：对，我们通常说“厕所”或“卫生间”。就在那边。 艾丽斯：好的，我会很快的！我想知道公园今天何时关门。 何伟：九点三十，你不必着急！ SectionA3a 欢乐时光公园——永远快乐的时光 [艾丽斯和何伟在太空世界。] 艾丽斯：我想知道我们接下来应该去哪里？ 何伟：那边那个新项目怎么样？ 艾丽斯：好吧……看起来蛮吓人的。 何伟：快来吧！我保证它将激动人心！如果你害怕，只要大叫或者抓住我的手。 [云霄飞车之后……] 艾丽斯：你是对的！太有趣了！起初我好害怕，但大声喊叫还蛮管用的。 何伟：瞧，那玩意并不糟糕，对吧？某些东西你不去尝试，就绝不会知道。 艾丽斯：对，我很高兴我试过了！ 何伟：你现在想去水上世界么？ 艾丽斯：好，但我很饿。你知道我们在哪里能吃到好的快餐？ 何伟：当然！我建议在水上世界的水城餐馆，那里有美味可口的食物。 艾丽斯：好极了！我们走！ [在前往水城餐馆途中，艾丽斯和何伟经过鲍勃叔叔餐馆。] 艾丽斯：看！这家餐馆看起来蛮有趣的。这招牌上说这儿每晚有摇滚乐队演出。
四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧
四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基） 应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章） 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。
九年级英语unit课文翻译
九年级英语u n i t课文 翻译 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
unit3 Could you please tell me where the restroom are ? sectionA 2d 何伟：这就是欢乐时代公园——我们这座城市最大的游乐园。 爱丽丝：就要玩各种游乐项目了，我好兴奋呀！ 何伟：我们先玩那样呢？有太空世界、水世界、动物世界…. 爱丽丝：在我们决定前，麻烦你先告诉我哪儿有洗手间吗？ 何伟：什么？休息室？你想要休息了？我们可还没有开始玩呢！ 爱丽丝：不是的，我不是指休息的地方。我是说…..你知 道，一间洗手间或卫生间。 何伟：嗯….那么你是指….卫生间吗？ 爱丽丝：对啦！不好意思，也许中国人说英语不常用 restroom这个词。 何伟：就是的，我们常说toilets 或washroom 。不过，厕所在哪里。 爱丽丝：知道了，我一会儿就好！ 何伟：没问题，你不必赶的。 Section A 3a 欢乐时代公园————总是欢乐时光 [ 爱丽丝和何伟在太空世界] 爱丽丝：我不知道我们接下来该去哪里。
何伟：去玩玩那边那个新项目怎样？ 爱丽丝：啊…..看上去挺吓人的。 何伟：勇敢些！我保证会很好玩！如果害怕就喊出来或抓住我的手。 【乘坐后…..】 爱丽丝：你是对的，这真好玩！我起先有些害怕，但喊叫真管用。何伟：瞧：这并不糟糕，对吧？你需要去尝试，否则永远不会知道你能行。 爱丽丝：是这样的，我真高兴自己尝试了这个项目。 何伟：现在你想去水世界吗？ 爱丽丝：当然，但我饿了。你知道哪里有又好吃又快的地方？ 何伟：当然知道！我建议去水世界的水城餐馆他们做得很好吃。爱丽丝：太好了，我们去吧！ 何伟：[在去水城餐馆的路上，爱丽丝与何伟路过鲍勃叔叔的餐厅]爱丽丝：你瞧！这间餐厅看上去很有意思。牌子上写着有个摇滚乐队每晚在演奏。 何伟：我们为何不回头过来在这吃晚饭？咱们去问一下乐队演出几点开始。 【爱丽丝和何伟向门口的员工走去】 爱丽丝：劳驾，请问你们乐队今天晚上何时开始演奏？ 何伟：八点。那时人总是很多，所以得来早一点才有桌子。 爱丽丝：好的，谢谢！
高中英语作文范文赏析
高中英语作文范文赏析 Today, with the development of high-technology, we can get access to all kinds of high-tech products, such as computer, digital cameras and so on. These products make our life more convenient, we can keep in touch with family and friends any time any where. Our life has been changed by the high-tech, we live in a fast-pace world. Cell phone influences our life deeply, everyone owns it. While cell phone brings many dangers. First, cell hone contains radiation which hurts people’s body. Today, more and mo re people die of cancer, the main reason is that the high-tech products radiate their bodies, in the long run, the bodies get sick. Cell phone is one of such products, it hurts our bodies as long we use it. Second, cell phone distracts our attention about discovering the beauty of life. People pay their attention on cell phone, they count on it by reading news and making friends, being less going out. We should use cell phone properly. 今天，随着高科技的发展，我们可以接触各种各样的高科技产品，比如电脑，数字相 机等等。这些产品让我们的生活变得方便，我们可以和家人和朋友随时随地保持联系。我 们的生活受高科技影响而改变，我们生活在一个快节奏的世界。手机深深影响着我们的生活，每个人都有手机。然而手机给我们带来了危害。第一，手机包含了危害我们身体的辐射。现在，越来越多的人死于癌症，主要的原因是高科技产品辐射着他们的身体，长此下去，身体就得病了。手机就是其中的产品，只要我们使用，就会受到危害。第二，手机让 我们忽略了发现生活的美。 As we know, students should learn how to get on well with others. But how? First of all, we should respect others. Everybody has their own way to do things, so we should understand each other. Besides, it’s important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness. What’s more, we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble. If we live in the school’s dormitory, we should be careful not to disturb others. Don’t bring friends back to the dormitory in the mid-night after all the roommates are sleeping. Or playing computer games with the music turn up so loud. Such behaviors will hurt the relationships between you and your roommates. 我们都知道，学生应该学会与人相处。但是该怎样做呢?首先，我们应该相互理解体 谅对方。除此之外，和他人分享我们的喜怒哀乐也是很有必要的。我们还要对他人友善， 为他人提供必要的帮助。如果我们住在学校里面，就要注意不要打扰到他人。不要在午夜 时分舍友睡觉的时，把朋友带回来。或者是大声的开着音乐玩电脑。这种行为会伤害到你 与舍友之间的关系。
关于经典英文诗歌赏析
英语诗歌以其独特的文体形式充分调动、发挥语言的各种潜能，使之具有特殊的感染力。读来隽永，富有音韵美。下面是是由带来的关于经典英文诗歌，欢迎阅读! 【篇一】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 I Started Early - Took My Dog Emily Dickinson (1830-86) I started Early - Took my Dog And visited the Sea The Mermaids in the Basement Came out to look at me And Frigates - in the Upper Floor Extended Hempen Hands Presuming Me to be a Mouse Aground - upon the Sands But no Man moved Me - till the Tide Went past my simple Shoe And past my Apron - and my Belt And past my Bodice - too And made as He would eat me up As wholly as a Dew Upon a Dandelion's Sleeve And then - I started - too And He - He followed - close behind I felt His Silver Heel Upon my Ankle - Then my Shoes
Would overflow with Pearl Until We met the Solid Town No One He seemed to know And bowing - with a Mighty look At me - The Sea withdrew 【篇二】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 The Wild Swans At Coole William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirror a still sky; Upon the brimming water among the stones Are nine-and-fifty swans. The nineteenth autumn has come upon me Since I first made my count; I saw, before I had well finished, All suddenly mount And scatter wheeling in great broken rings Upon their clamorous wings. I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And now my heart is sore. All's changed since I, hearing at twilight, The first time on this shore,
高考英语满分作文赏析背诵佳选
一.用词准确;表达地道 【北京卷】【试题回放】第一节情景作文(20分) 美国中学生jeff将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。 注意：1. 信的开头已为你写好。 2.词数不少于60。 Dear Jeff, I’m Hua from Beijing Hongxing Middle School. I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing. While you are here, we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You’ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school t ogether by bike. At noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall. I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming. It’ll be a lot of fun. If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience. Best wishes, Li Hua [名师点评]
高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2．网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 3．让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so) 4．博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose) 【答案】 1．What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement. 【解析】 1．motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，后者也那样so it is with。也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy 表语从句thatthey can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment。overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，living room 起居室。故翻译为To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。故翻译为his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits
英语新课标九年级课文翻译Unit9-14
英语新课标九年级课文翻译Unit9-14 Unit9 I like music that I can dance to. SectionA 2d 吉尔:斯科特,周末你打算干什么呢? 斯科特:没什么事,我估计就是听听我新买的激光唱片吧. 吉尔:哦?是什么激光唱片? 斯科特:嗯,全是音乐的,没有歌曲。我喜欢听舒缓的音乐来放松自己,尤其是在工作了漫长的一周以后。 吉尔:听起来不错啊。嗯,如果你有空,愿意和我一起去看部电影吗?(电影的)导演很有名。 斯科特:嗯,那要看什么电影。我只喜欢有趣的电影,我只想笑一笑不想费脑筋,你懂我的意思吧? 吉尔:哦,那样的话,我还是去邀请喜欢看严肃电影的人吧. 斯科特:(你说的)电影是关于什么的? 吉尔:是关于第二次世界大战的。我喜欢能让我思考的电影。 section A, 3a 今天你想看什么(电影)呢? 虽然一些人坚持只看一种电影,但是我喜欢看不同种类的电影,(具体)由当时盼心情决定。 当我情绪低落或感到疲惫的时候,我更喜欢能让我开心的影片。比如,像《黑衣人》那样的喜剧片或像《功夫熊猫》这类的动画片,通常都有滑稽的对话和一个愉快的结局。影片中的人物不一定完美,但是他们都会尽力去解决问题,看了这样的电影,我所面对的许多问题突然间会显得不那么严重,我也会感觉好多了。两个小时的欢笑是一种很好的放松方式。 当我伤心或劳累的时候,我不看剧情片或纪录片。像《泰坦尼克号》这样的剧情片只会让我更伤心。像《帝企鹅日记》这样的纪录片,(通常)会针对某个特定话题提供丰富的信息,(内容)也很有趣,但是当我累的时候,我不想思考太多。当我太累不想思考时,我不介意看像《蜘蛛侠》这样的动作电影。我只想屏蔽我的大脑,坐在那里观看一个令人兴奋的超级英雄,他总是能在关键时刻挽救世界。 偶尔我会喜欢看恐怖片。虽然它们很有意思,但是我会因为太害怕而不敢独自一人看,我总会带上一位不怕这些类型的电影的朋友(一起看),这样就觉得没那么可怕了。 Secton B 2b 凄美 昨晚我的一个中国朋友带我去听了一场中国民间音乐会。其中有一首二胡曲令我特别感动。音乐出奇的美,但是在那美的背后,我感受到悲伤和痛苦。这首曲子有个简单的名字,《二泉映月》,但它是我听到过的最感人的曲子之一。二胡(的声音)听起来那么悲伤,以至于我在听的时候也几乎随着它哭了。后来我查阅了《二泉映月》的历史,开始理解音乐中蕴含的伤感。 这首曲子由一位民间音乐家阿炳写成,他于1893年出生在无锡市。在他还很小的时候,他的母亲就去世了。阿炳的父亲教他弹奏各种乐器,如鼓、笛子和二胡。到了十七岁,阿炳就以他的音乐天赋闻名。然而,他的父亲去世后,阿炳的生活变得更糟糕。他很穷,还得了很严重的疾病,眼睛瞎了。好些年他都没有家,他住在大街上,以弹奏音乐来谋生。即使在他结了婚有了家以后,他还是继续在街道上唱歌、弹曲,他以这种方式表演了好多年。 阿炳惊人的音乐技能让他在有生之年就非常出名。到他临终前,他已会弹六百多首曲子,大部分是他自己写的。遗憾的是,一共只有六首曲子被录了下来得以传世,但时至今日,他(的作品)依旧颇受人们喜爱。今天,阿炳的《二泉映月》成 了所有伟大的二胡演奏家弹奏和赞赏的曲子。它已成了中国文化魁宝之一。它的凄美不仅描绘出阿炳自己的生活,而且也让人们回想起自身的悲苦体验和最深的的痛。
英文诗歌赏析方法
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