2013年人教政治选修6：专题一第二框速效提能演练

一、单项选择题

1．道德建设要继承优良传统就需()

①继承中华传统道德②继承中华传统美德③继承革命传统④继承“仁、义、礼、智、信”

A．①②B．②③

C．③④D．①③

解析：选B。优良传统突出“优良”品质，而①④都既有精华也有糟粕，所以不能选。

2．“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”反映了中华民族传统道德中的()

A．崇高志向、重视节操的精神境界

B．勤劳勇敢、酷爱自由的民族精神

C．乐群贵和、孝慈友恭的传统道德

D．“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”的传统美德

解析：选D。题目考查继承优良传统这一知识点，很显然，题干中的传统道德与选项D 中的传统道德相一致，说明的都是“以天下为己任”的中华传统美德。A、B、C项不符合题目要求，故选D。

3．现在我们提倡“以德治国”，而在春秋时期，孔子就提出过“以德治国”的主张。这说明()

A．不管时代怎样发展，我们所遵循的道德准则是一致的

B．对以儒家思想为核心的传统文化必须批判地加以继承

C．对传统文化必须绝对地加以肯定

D．“德治”将要取代“法治”

解析：选B。此题考查对中国传统文化的态度。孔子的“以德治国”与我们提倡的“以德治国”有其内在的相承性，但并不完全一致。对古代优秀文化传统，我们不能全盘否定或肯定，只能批判地继承。A、C、D三项说法错误，选B。

4．我国载人航天工程近些年取得了令人瞩目的成就。我国载人航天发展史是一部与时俱进、自主创新的历史，它表明，伟大的事业需要伟大的精神，伟大的精神成就伟大的事业。这体现了()

A．只要有伟大的精神就会成就伟大的事业

B．航天精神是一种民族精神

C．航天精神是一种先进的文化力量，会促进社会事业的发展

D．航天精神是在航天事业发展过程中产生的

解析：选C。本题考查航天精神作为一种健康的、先进的社会精神力量对社会发展的促进作用。A项说法错误，B、D项不符合题意。

5．当今世界是开放的世界，我国的公民道德建设也需要学习别国的经验。对此认识正确的是()

A．各国的一些道德精华，我们应大胆学习、借鉴

B．我国是社会主义国家，别国经验不适合，应否定

C．资本主义国家比我们发达，他们的道德观念是先进的，我们应全部引进来

D．民族文化对社会进步有重要作用

解析：选A。本题考查对待道德精华的态度问题，我们应批判继承，取其精华，去其糟

粕。B、C项错误，D项与材料不符，故选A。

二、非选择题

6．孔子思想中，兼容并蓄的文化观、和而不同的交往观、仁义礼智信的道德观，都是中国的历史和民族文化基因，对世界具有一定的普遍适用的意义。走进先哲，聆听古训，能让我们站在地上行走，去实践，去以身践道，实现自我的社会人格。

联系材料回答，我国应如何加强道德建设？

解析：从材料中提取关键信息“孔子思想”信息告诉我们要继承传统，“对世界具有一定的普遍适用的意义”告诉我们要走出去，面向世界。“以身践道”告诉我们要立足于实践。

答案：(1)要继承优良传统。孔子思想中蕴含的中华传统美德，是中华文化的精华，始终是中华民族强大的精神支柱。加强道德建设，提高全社会的道德水准，就必须继承这份宝贵的财富。

(2)要弘扬时代精神。要立足于发展中国特色社会主义的伟大实践，把继承优良传统与弘扬时代精神结合起来。

(3)要博采众长、为我所用。要认真研究和借鉴各国的文明成果，在学习和借鉴世界各国道德建设成功经验的过程中，还必须坚持以我为主、为我所用的方针。

(4)要反对错误倾向。一方面，要反对妄自尊大、唯我独尊；另一方面，要反对妄自菲薄、全盘照搬、全盘西化。

一、单项选择题

1．许多传统的中华格言如“富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”“先义而后利者荣，先利而后义者辱”和中华杰出人物的故事如诸葛亮鞠躬尽瘁、岳飞精忠报国等，都对我们今天的道德建设产生很多启示。这告诉我们，在今天的公民道德建设中应该() A．反对民族虚无主义，批判地继承中华传统道德

B．反对妄自尊大，唯我独尊

C．坚持以我为主，为我所用

D．全盘继承我们中华民族的传统道德

解析：选A。D项说法错误，中华的传统道德中有优秀的道德，也有糟粕。B、C两项不符合题意。

2．下列传统格言中，包含爱国主义精神的是()

①天行健，君子以自强不息②涕兮，哀民生之多艰③苟利国家生死已，岂因祸福避趋之④天下兴亡，匹夫有责⑤唯公则生明，唯廉则生威⑥损躯赴国难，视死忽如归A．①②③④B．②③④⑤

C．②③④⑥D．③④⑤⑥

解析：选C。②③④⑥符合题意。①包含的是：要有自强不息的精神；⑤的意思是：只有公正无私才能明察决断，只有清正廉洁才能使人敬服。①⑤与材料无关。

3．道德的进步，总是表现为传统道德的精华与时代精神相结合。在继承优良传统的同时，大力弘扬时代精神，是我国公民道德建设的内在要求。我们今天的公民道德建设的立足点是()

A．中国特色社会主义的伟大实践

B．中华传统美德

C．人民群众的根本利益

D．《公民道德建设实施纲要》

解析：选A。公民道德建设属于精神文明建设范畴，根据社会存在和社会意识的关系可

知社会存在决定社会意识或实践决定认识，因此中国特色社会主义伟大实践是道德建设的立足点。

4．在新加坡，随地吐痰最高罚款1000新元(约合4800元人民币)，乱停车最高罚款1000新元，乱丢垃圾罚款1000新元，而一般工人的月薪只有1000新元左右。这启示我们() A．用高额罚款取代道德教育

B．依法管理社会，为公民道德建设提供法律保障

C．法制建设要以规范生活小节为重点

D．要逐步提高人民群众，特别是一般工人的收入

解析：选B。根据题意，要求公民加强道德建设，全面提高个人素质。A、C、D都不能很好说明材料。

2011年十一届全国人大四次会上通过《国民经济发展十二五规划纲要》后，国务院总理温家宝提出把宏伟蓝图变成美好现实需要付出极大的努力，特别要大力发扬艰苦奋斗精神。在新时期发扬艰苦奋斗精神就是要求真务实，就是要敢于面对困难，就是要有创新精神。广大干群一定要与时俱进，开拓创新，不可因循守旧，不思进取，这样才能使我们的工作永葆生机和活力。据此回答5～6题。

5．温总理特别强调在大力发扬艰苦奋斗精神的同时，要与新时期新形势相联系。要有创新精神，一定要与时俱进，开拓创新。从道德建设角度讲，这充分体现了() A．继承优良传统

B．大力弘扬时代精神

C．在继承优良传统的同时，大力弘扬时代精神

D．坚持法律与道德相结合

解析：选C。本题材料是温家宝总理的讲话，因此要从讲话的本意看其意图，既要继承优良传统又要弘扬时代精神。A、B两项没有体现出关系，D项虽然正确，但与题干不符，故选C项。

6．我们在继承中华传统美德的同时，还要注意学习借鉴世界各国道德建设的成功经验和先进文明成果。因此，我们要()

①站在世界文明发展的前沿，认真研究和借鉴各国的文明成果

②从中国的国情出发，不能全盘照搬

③反对历史虚无主义

④坚持以我为主、为我所用的方针

A．①②③B．①②④

C．②③④D．①③④

解析：选B。材料强调的是借鉴外国经验，故③不切题。

7．在我国现阶段的公民道德建设过程中，对待外国道德建设经验的方针是()

A．全盘吸收、全盘西化

B．全盘抵制

C．兼收并蓄

D．批判继承、博采众长；以我为主、为我所用

解析：选D。外国道德建设经验中有精华也有糟粕，因此在借鉴外国道德建设经验时，应取其精华，去其糟粕，因此A、B、C都是错项。

二、非选择题

8．近年来以“唱红打黑”闻名的重庆市市委书记薄煕来在2011年5月初向港澳传媒表示，“唱红打黑非搞运动”，并强调用精神和道德的力量薰陶下一代很有意义，直言“精神可以变物质”，不仅有助当地经济发展、更可维稳，意义重大。

联系所学知识，谈谈上述材料体现了哪些道理？

解析：本题以薄煕来的言论为背景，考查道德建设的继承和发展的问题。主要考查学生解读和获取信息的能力。做好此题的关键是要结合材料对应教材的知识点，做到材料和知识的有机结合。从题型来看，属于“体现型”，可以遵循材料＋知识的思路作答。

答案：(1)在公民道德建设中，要在立足中国特色社会主义现代化建设伟大实践的基础上，继承优良的传统。中华民族历史上形成的中华传统美德是中华民族的强大精神支柱。材料中唱红歌、弘扬革命精神，体现了这一点。

(2)在继承优良传统的同时，大力弘扬时代精神，是我国道德建设的内在要求。因此，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，要大力弘扬时代精神。唱红歌，“用精神和道德的力量薰陶下一代”，注重了在继承传统的基础上，弘扬时代精神，体现了这一点。

9．材料1：资本主义国家在公民道德建设中积累了一些成功经验，比如，一些国家把道德建设与强化社会管理和必要的立法结合起来。又如，一些国家重视基础文明的养成在道德建设中的地位，注重从幼儿抓起，强化公共意识、诚信意识和责任心教育，等等。

材料2：毛泽东说：“中国应该大量吸收外国的进步文化，作为自己文化食粮的原料，这种工作过去还做得很不够。这不但是当前的社会主义文化和新民主主义文化，还有外国的古代文化，例如各资本主义国家启蒙时代的文化，凡属我们今天用得着的东西，都应该吸收。但是一切外国的东西，如同我们对于食物一样，必须经过自己的口腔咀嚼和胃肠运动，送进唾液胃液肠液，把它分解为精华和糟粕两部分，然后排泄其糟粕，吸收其精华，才能对我们的身体有益，决不能生吞活剥地毫无批判地吸收。”

对以上两则材料展开讨论，你认为我国社会主义公民道德建设应怎样正确对待世界各国道德建设的成功经验？

解析：对待外国的道德建设经验，应根据我国的需要，取其精华，去其糟粕，既不闭关自守，也不能妄自菲薄。因此在组织答案时注意此层次。

答案：(1)我们必须站在世界文明发展的前沿，认真研究和积极借鉴各国的文明成果，博采众长。我国社会主义公民道德建设，不能离开世界文明发展的大道。

(2)中国特色社会主义的公民道德建设，只能从中国的具体国情出发。学习世界各国道德建设的经验，必须坚持以我为主、为我所用。①既要反对妄自尊大、唯我独尊；又要反对妄自菲薄、全般照搬、全盘西化。②既要以开放的心态对待外域文化，积极汲取世界各国的长处，又要坚决抵制各种消极腐朽的思想道德文化的侵蚀，决不能把腐朽当神奇。

人教版高中英语选修6课本练习答案

Unit1 课内练习答案（P3Ex.1） P3Ex.3 1F2T3T4T5T6T P4Ex.1 1superb2aim3ridiculous4faith5evident 6conventional7gallery8abstract9technique10sculpture P4Ex.2 possess a great deal By coincidence adopt attempted On the other hand predict 详解： 翻译：《这些作品是凡高的真迹吗？》最受欢迎的艺术风格在西方国家就是印象派，许多人想拥有一幅印象派作品并且不惜花巨资去买一幅，巧合的事是，一些采用印象派画法的画家也可以画出不为人知的“杰作”，有一位画家，奥托?沃森，用凡高的风格作画并且迅速赚了很多钱，许多评论家都觉得它是凡高的真迹，一方面，一些评论家发现了，另一方面，一些评论家好奇是否有许多“杰作”被挂在画廊上，一位膜拜凡高作品的人说：“如果这种杰作的数量超过200，我也不会惊奇.”于是有人预言下一幅“杰作”在什么地方什么地点会被发现？ P5Ex.2 1W2F3W4F 5.If he had right to choose his holiday,he would go to Mexico. 6.If I were not allergic to shellfish,I would enjoy eating them. 7.If the marble statue were not big for her garden,the housewife would

8.If we knew more about the disease,we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. P5Ex.3 1were would make2were would be3were would be 4could would paint5were would help6could take 7knew would send8could9were would be 10would come could P7Ex.2

(完整版)新课标人教版高中英语选修6单词-中文

选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱

(完整word版)浙江省高中政治选修3选考真题

专题一： （2016年4月选考）34、【加试题】某国政治生活中存在着多个政党，其代议机关由选民直接选举产生，国家元首是“虚位元首”。据此判断，该国 A、是多党制国家 B、是君主立宪制国家 C、可能是议会制国家 D、可能是总统制国家 （2016年10月选考）33.2016年6月23日，上海合作组织成员国元首理事会依据上合组织宪章，签署了关于印度和巴基斯坦加入上合组织义务的备忘录，打开了“扩员”的窗口。这说明国际组织 ①由常设机构处理日常事务②由多个国家的政府组成 ③有其特定的宗旨和原则④独立运作并自主开展活动 A.①② B. ③④ C. ①④ D. ②③ （2017年11月选考）33.【加试题】近代以来，民主共和制之所以成为发达资本主义国家维护资产阶级统治最好的政治外壳和有效的国家管理形式，是因为 A.唯有这一外壳才使资产阶级十分可靠地确立自己的统治 B.君主立宪制并不适合现代资本主义国家政权的运行 C.采用这一外壳可以掩盖资本主义国家的阶级性质 D.采用这一外壳可以在资本主义国家实现多数人的统治 专题二 （2016年10月选考）34.英国“脱欧”公投结束、卡梅伦宣布辞职后，保守党党代会选举特雷莎.梅为新党首。随后英国女王任命特雷莎.梅为新首相并授权其组阁。由此可见，在英国（） A.首相拥有党政大权 B.国王拥有一定的人事任命权 C.内阁行使最高行政权力 D.党首担任政府首脑 （2017年4月选考）33.【加试题】日前，由英国内阁提交的脱欧法案在下议院获得通过，上议院最后也向下议院妥协，通过这一法案。在女王批准该法案后，内阁启动了脱欧程序。恰在此时，苏格兰要求再次举行独立公投，内阁首相严辞拒绝了这一要求。从这里可以看出，英国 A.采用地方集权型单一制的国家结构形式 B.真正的国家权力掌握在议会和内阁手中 C.上议院和下议院在立法方面有同等权力 D.内阁制是维护资产阶级统治的最好政治外壳 （2015年10月选考）41.【加试题】2015年3月30日，英国女王同意首相卡梅伦提出解散议会、举行大选的请求。5月8日，在新一轮大选中保守党赢得下院650个席位中的331席，工党赢得232席。大选结束后，女王召见保守党领袖卡梅伦，任命其为首相并授权组阁。随后，卡梅伦提出内阁名单，经女王任命后组成新内阁。 运用《国家与国际组织常识》的知识，回答下列问题： （1）指出英国保守党与工党的政治关系。（2分） （2）分析材料体现的英国国王、首相各自拥有的权力。（7分） 解答：（1）资本主义制度下的政治竞争关系。 （2）女王同意首相卡梅伦提出解散议会、举行大选的请求，并根据议会选举结果，任命多数党领袖卡梅伦为首相，根据其提名任命内阁成员。这表明国王作为“虚位元首”，其拥

人教版选修6 UNIT 4 Global warming词汇及句型精讲

(1)She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. 她心理稳定，这不是偶然发生的。(2016·江苏) (2)How did it come about that he knew where we were? 他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？ It comes/came about that...……发生。 How does/did it come about that...？……是怎样发生的？ When it comes to...当谈到…… 名师点拨 come about相当于happen或occur，均无被动形式；且常用it作形式主语。 2．subscribe to同意；赞成；订购；捐助 (1)I subscribed to the magazine for only 32 a year.订阅 (2)How much did you subscribe to the disaster fund？捐助 (3)Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy？同意 3．quantities of大量的 4．go up上升；增长；升起 5．result in导致 6．be opposed to反对…… 7．keep on继续 8．on the whole大体上；基本上 9．on behalf of代表……一方；作为……的代言人(＝on one’s behalf)代表……一方；作为……的代言人[选词填空] on behalf of，stand for，represent (1)What does WHO __________(代表)? (2)I apologize to you __________(代表) my family. (3)He __________(代表) our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him. 名师点拨 (1)on behalf of是介词短语。 (2)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”。 (3)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体(政府等)”“某种标志代表什么”“某物表现的是 什么”和“把某人(物)描绘成什么”。

人教版英语选修六课文原文资料讲解

人教版英语选修六课 文原文

Unit 1A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is

人教版高中英语选修6各单元课文原文

选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.

人教版英语选修六课文原文.doc

Unit 1A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exsist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object,

政治选修3重要知识点总结完整版汇编

选修3《国家和国际组织常识》考点必背 专题一各具特色的国家和国际组织 一、国家的本质 1、国家性质 国家的性质即国体，就是国家的阶级本质。反映社会各阶级在国家中的地位，表明政权掌握在什么阶级手中，什么阶级是统治阶级，什么阶级是被统治阶级。统治阶级的性质决定国家的性质。因此判断国家性质的根本标志是看国家政权掌握在什么阶级手中，实行的是为哪个阶级服务的政策。 划分国家类型的依据是国家性质。 2、专政与民主的关系（★★） （1）、专政 国家的含义：国家是经济上占统治地位的阶级进行阶级统治的政治权力机关。 国家的职能：国家的根本职能是政治统治职能，即统治阶级凭借国家权力，强制被统治阶级服从统治阶级的意志，这就是专政。国家也具有社会管理职能，如管理经济、文化、教育、卫生事业，维护公共秩序，兴建公共设施，保护自然环境。国家的社会管理职能从根本上是为统治阶级服务的。 （2）、民主 民主作为一种国家制度，其实质是在统治阶级范围内，按照多数人的意志，实现国家职能。民主具有鲜明的阶级性，是服务于统治阶级的，体现统治阶级的意志和利益。世界上不存在着超阶级的民主。 （3）、民主与专政的关系 民主与专政相互区别。专政是指国家的政治统治职能，即统治阶级凭借国家权力，强制被统治阶级服从统治阶级的意志，这是国家的根本职能。所有国家都是一定阶级对其他阶级的专政。作为国家制度的民主，其实质是在统治阶级范围内，按照多数人的意志，实现国家职能。民主具有鲜明的阶级性，是服务与统治阶级的。民主只适用于统治阶级内部，专政则适用于被统治阶级。 民主与专政相互依存，共同体现国家的性质。凡实行民主制度的国家，必然包括一定阶级的民主，同时也包括对其他阶级的专政。 3、国体与政体的关系（★★） （1）、国体与政体 国体即国家性质，反映社会各阶层在国家中的地位。政体即国家管理形式，是国家政权的组织形式。 统治阶级组织政体的必要性：掌握国家政权的阶级为实现政治统治、行使社会管理职能，必然要采取某种形式组织政权机关。统治阶级为维护其根本利益，总是力求采用最有效的政权组织形式。 （2）、国体与政体的关系 ①国体决定政体，并通过一定的政体来体现；②政体体现国体，并服务于特定的国体，适当的政体能够巩固国体，不适当的政体会危害国体。③政体也具有一定的独立性，国体是影响政体的决定因素但不是唯一因素，地理环境、文化传统外来势力、历史条件、阶级力量对比、传统习惯、国际环境等都可以成为影响政体的因素。 （两种类型的国家制度：民主制度与专制制度。国家制度：包括国体和政体，即内容与形式两个方面。从国体、政体两个方面看民主制国家：实行民主制度的国家，从国体意义上讲，都是专政和民主的统一体；从政体意义上讲，则是实行同专制政体相对立的民主政体的国家。） 二、现代国家的管理形式 1、现代国家，大都实行代议制的国家管理形式 代议制就是由选举产生的、代表民意的机关来行使国家权力的方式。代议制本质上是一种间接民主，也是现代民主政体的共同特征。 代议制充当公民与国家之间的政治纽带，成为现代民主政体的共同特征。原因：一方面，只有公民广泛参与，才是现代意义上的民主政体；另一方面，不可能全体公民都经常性地直接管理所有国家事务。 影响国家管理形式的因素有：地理环境、历史渊源、文化传统、人口素质、发展程度等。

高中英语选修6课文word人教版

高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new

高三政治复习：选修3《国家和国际组织常识》最新考点知识归纳梳理(专题二)

2009 年高三政治复习：选修3《国家和国际组织常识》最新考点知识归纳梳理 专题二君主立宪制和民主共和制：以英国和法国为例 1、英国国王 一、“光荣革命”与英王的保留英国政体的显著特征是存在君主。国王名义上是国家元首和武装部队总司令，形式上有权任命首相、各部大臣等高级官员，有权召集、停止和解散议会，有权批准法律。但是在实际政治生活中，国王受到许多法律和惯例的严格制约，仅具有象征性的地位，真正的国家权力掌握在议会和内阁手中。 二、英王的现代职能与危机 1、英国国王的作用作为国家元首，体现英国政治制度的历史延续性。承担国家元首礼仪性的职责。维持英联邦的团结。在政治生活中，行使三项重要的权力：磋商权、鼓励权和警告权。 2、英国王室的危机对英国王室的社会功能提出质疑；认为英王代表着特权阶层利益，世袭君主制是旧时代的产物，纳税人每年为王室提供巨额资金是否值得；王室内部的丑闻打破了王室充当道德模范的神话，加深了王室的困境，引发了争议。 3、决定英国君主立宪制存在与否的因素决定英国君主立宪制存在与否，既有历史文化因素，也有国王本身的社会职能因素，但归根到底取决于英国资产阶级统治的需要。 2、英国的议会和政府 一、至尊的议会 1、英国议会是“议会之母” ： 英国是世界上第一个建立议会制的国家。1688 年“光荣革命”后，议会逐步获得至尊无上的地位，不仅拥有立法权，而且是行政权力的最高来源。 在资产阶级革命和改良后的许多资本主义国家中，都效法英国建立起各具特色的议会制，因此英国议会被称为“议会之母” 。 2、英国议会的地位及上、下两院的权力议会是英国最高立法机关，主要有上议院和下议院组 成。英国议会下院历来有“至尊议会”之称，拥有极大的权力，包括立法权、一定的财政权和司法权、对政府的监督权，是行政权力的最高来源。 上院在议会体系中只起辅助作用，表现在监督下院工作、协助下院立法、通过行使“延搁权” 修改或否决议案等方面。它也是英国最高司法机关。 20 世纪以来，英国议会的实际权力不断萎缩。内阁在决策、立法、财政等方面的作用越来越大，甚至议会的工作日程也受内阁左右。其主要原因在于：由下院多数党组成的内阁，要求其议会党团服从

人教版《英语选修6》(普通高中课程标准实验教科书)

人教版《英语选修6》(普通高中课程标准实验教科书) 单元词汇、音标、词义。Unit 1 realistic/ri?'listik/ a.现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 abstract/'?bstr?kt/ a.抽象的；深奥的n.摘要 sculpture/'sk?lpt??/n.雕塑 sculptor/'sk?lpt?/n.雕刻家；雕塑家 gallery/'g?l?ri/n.美术陈列室；画廊 faith/feiθ/n.信任；信心；信念 faithfully/'feiθfuli/ad.忠实地 consequently/'k?nsikw?ntli/ad.所以；因而 aim/eim/n.目标；目的vi.vi.瞄准；(向某方向)努力 conventional/k?n'ven??nl/ a.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 typical/'tipik?l/ a.典型的；有代表性的 evident/'evid?nt/ a.明显的；明白的 Giotto di Bondone乔托 renaissance/r?'neis?ns/n.新生；复兴；复活 the Renaissance文艺复兴(时期) adopt/?'d?pt/vt.采用；采纳；收养 humanistic/hju:m?'nistik/ a.人道主义的 possess/'p?'zes/vt.拥有；具有；支配 possession/p?'ze??n/n.所有；财产 superb/sju:'p?:b/ a.卓越的；杰出的；极好的 perspective/p?:'spektiv/n.透视画法；透视图；观点 technique/tek'ni:k/n.技术；方法；技能 Masaccio/mɑ:'zɑ:tt?ou/马萨乔 coincidence/'k?uin'sid?ns/n.巧合(的事)；相合 by coincidence巧合地 masterpiece/'mɑ:st?pi:s/n.杰作；名著 impressionism/im'pr???n'iz?m/n.印象主义；印象派 impressionist/im'pre??nist/ a.印象派的n.印象派艺术家 post-impressionist a.后印象派的n.后印象派艺术家 a great deal n.大量 shadow/'??d?u/n.阴影；影子 ridiculous/ri'dikjul?s/ a.荒谬的；可笑的 controversial/'k?ntr?'v?:??l/ a.争论的；争议的 attempt/?'tempt/n.努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图 on the other hand adv.(可是)另一方面