2018新人教版选修6高中英语专题Unit3Ahealthylife3GrammarWriting试题含解析

专题Unit 3 A healthy life 3 Grammar Writing

it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、

动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情

一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。

1. 指动物和植物。

? Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。

2. 指代无生命的东西。

? This is my watch. It’s made in Switzerland.这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。

3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。

? Well, you mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！

二、用于指代人

1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。

?—Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？

—It’s me. ——是我。

2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。

?—Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? ——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？

—It may be the headmaster. ——可能是校长。

3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。

?—Who’s that? ——那人是谁？

—Is it Helen? ——是海伦吗？

—Yes, I think you’re right. It’s Helen. ——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。

三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等

1. 表示时间。

?—What’s the date? ——今天是几月几日？

—It’s the third of March. ——今天是3月3日。

2. 表示距离。

?It’s only five minutes’ walk from here.离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。

3. 表示自然现象。

? It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。

4. 表示环境、形势等。

? If it’s convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。

四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句

1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。

? It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。

2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。

? It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。

3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的时候了＂。

? It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。

4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……次做……＂。

? It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。

5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

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高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the

高中英语选修6作业

Unit 1 P4 Answer key for Exercise 1 1 superb 2 aim 3 ridiculous 4 faith 5 evident 6 conventional 7 gallery 8 abstract 9 technique Answer key for Exercise 2 Possess, a great deal, By coincidence, adopt, attempted, On the other hand, predict P5 Answer key for Exercise 1 If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint? What would you rather do - paint pictures, make sculptures or design buildings? If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see … Answer key for Exercise 2 1 W 2 F 3 W 4 F 5 If he had right to choose his holiday, he would go to Mexico. 6 If I were not allergic to shellfish, I would enjoy eating them. 7 If the marble statue were not too big for her garden, the housewife would buy it. 8 If we knew more about the disease, we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. Answer key for Exercise 3 1 David is not a sculptor. If he were, he would make a sculpture for the exhibition. 2 Sally is not an aggressive woman. If she were, she would be a more successful businesswoman. 3 If Sam were here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh. 4 If I could paint, I would paint you an abstract painting in the style of Matisse. 5 Mr Ling isn’t here. If he were, he would help you with your geometry. 6 It’s Miss Liang’s birthday today. I wish I could take her out to a superb restaurant for dinner. 7 We don’t know her address. If we knew it, we would send her a big bunch of flowers. 8 People say that the art exhibition is worth seeing. I wish I could go with you but I’m too busy these days. 9 If Masaccio were alive, he would be amazed at how artists paint today. 10 If Peter would come to our school, he could go to our art classes. P42 Answer key for Exercise 1 1 exhibit (v.) – exhibition (n.) 2 impress (v.) – impression (n.) possess (v.) – possession (n.) 3 civilize (v.) – civilization (n.) realize (v.) – realization (n.) 4 profession (n.) – professional (adj.) convention (n.) – conventional (adj.) 5 prefer (v.) – preference (n.) differ (v.) – difference (n.) 6 evident (adj.) – evidence (n.) permanent (adj.) – permanence (n.) 7 fragrant (adj.) – fragrance (n.) distant (adj.) – distance (n.) 8 controversy (n.) – controversial (adj.) industry (n.) – industrial (adj.) Answer key for Exercise 2 café, district, avenue, shadow, typical, bunch, painting, fragrant, signature, reputation Answer key for Exercise 3 1. 虽然我不是现代艺术方面的学者，但是去看展览的主意对我很有吸引力。 Although I’m not a scholar in contemporary art, the idea of going to the exhibition appeals to me. 2. 你知道几何学在传统的西方艺术中曾被用来勾画绘画作品吗？