缠绕式双卷筒提升机(有cad图 文献翻译)
摘要
单绳缠绕式矿井提升机的工作原理：钢丝绳的一端用钢丝绳夹持固定在卷筒幅板上，另一端经卷筒的缠绕后，通过井架天轮悬挂提升容器。这样，利用主轴旋转方式的不同，将钢丝绳缠绕上或放松，以完成提升或下降容器的工作。
主轴装置是单绳缠绕式矿井提升机的主要工作机构，它的作用是：①缠绕提升机钢丝绳；②承受各种正常载荷(包括固定载荷和工作载荷)；
③承受各种积极情况所造成的非常载荷。在非常载荷作用下，主轴装置部分不应有残余变形。单绳缠绕式矿井提升机的主轴装置是其核心部件，要求我们应认真设计，精心制造，这对于确保矿井提升机安全可靠运行，预防和杜绝故障及事故的发生，也具有十分重要的意义。
本设计根据生产实际和预选的数据，以提升机的配套设备为核心，经过科学的计算和分析，设计、选择了一套矿井提升机的传动系统设备，并采用了光电测速传感器作为深度指示系统的数据采集装置，实现了从机械控制到数电控制的转变，同时为提升机控制系统的技术改造奠定了基础。
关键词：提升机，主轴，制动器，光电测速传感器
ABSTRACT
What the principle of the single rope twines mine pit elevator is that: One end of the steel wire rope is fixed to Winding by the steel wire rope nip, another end after twined hangs and promotes the vessel by derrick wheel. In this way, we make use of the differences of the revolve way to twine or relax the steel wire rope so that to complete the vessel to step up or drop down.
Main axle is the core part of the mine elevator. Its functions are:① the steel wire rope of twines the type mine pit elevator ; ②endure a kind of normal load( including fixed load and work load );③endure the kinds of unusual load which is result from positive situation. Under the unusual load function, the part of the main axle equipment should not remain remaining distortion. It required us to be careful designing and manufacture when designing and manufacturing. Only in this way, we can prevent the occurrence of failures or accidents .Obviously, the possesses is very significance.
This design is on the basis of the data which are chosen by advance and actually, take the elevator supplementary equipment as the core, after the analysis and computation in science, has designed and chosen a set of the transmission system of the mine pits elevators, and used the electrical-light sensor as the equipment of the indicating system which to measure the amount of the depth of the tank. It enforced the change from the mechanically control to the numerical control, at the same time, has laid the foundation for improve the control system of the elevator.
KEY WORDS: elevator, main axle, brake, electrical-light measurement velocity sensor
目录
1 前言--------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1提升机的用途和发展概况-------------------------------- 1
1.2提升机的结构和用途------------------------------------ 2
2 课题设计简介-------------------------------------------- 5 2.1设计课题---------------------------------------------- 5 2.2设计步骤---------------------------------------------- 5
2.3设计思路---------------------------------------------- 5
3 JK—3提升机 (Ｅ系列)主轴装置的原始资料------------------ 6 3.1本产品的型号、名称------------------------------------ 6
3.2本产品的性能指标和设计参数---------------------------- 6
4 JK—3提升机（E系列）的选择和设计------------------------ 7
4.1 JK—3矿井提升机的工作原理和主要结构 ------------------ 7
4.1.1主轴---------------------------------------------- 7
4.1.2卷筒---------------------------------------------- 7
4.1.3主轴承-------------------------------------------- 8
4.1.4盘形制动器装置 ------------------------------------ 9
4.1.5深度指示系统 -------------------------------------- 9
4.1.6减速器------------------------------------------- 10
4.1.7联轴器------------------------------------------- 10
4.2主轴装置的设计依据----------------------------------- 11
4.2.1钢丝绳------------------------------------------- 11
4.2.2卷筒宽度B --------------------------------------- 11
4.2.3钢丝绳最大静张力
F----------------------------- 11
j
max
4.2.4钢丝绳最大静张力差△F ---------------------------- 12
4.2.5最大提升速度Vmax --------------------------------- 12
------------------------------------- 12
4.2.6电动机功率P
N
4.3主轴的选择------------------------------------------- 13 4.4主轴的设计------------------------------------------- 13
5 主要通用部件的选型计算 --------------------------------- 15
5.1盘形制动器------------------------------------------- 15 5.2减速器----------------------------------------------- 15 5.3齿轮联轴器------------------------------------------- 16
5.4弹性棒销联轴器--------------------------------------- 16
6 主轴的校核--------------------------------------------- 17
6.1主轴强度校核----------------------------------------- 17
6.1.1工况一:提升开始, m
/
1=
,
=。 -------------- 18
h
a450
s
m
6.1.2工况二:提升终了, 0
=
h。------------------- 21
=
a，0
6.2主轴挠度校核----------------------------------------- 26
6.2.1工况一:提升开始 ---------------------------------- 27
6.2.2工况二:提升终了 ---------------------------------- 27
7 轴承寿命计算------------------------------------------- 29 7.1左轴承----------------------------------------------- 29
7.2右轴承----------------------------------------------- 30
8 螺栓联接的计算和校核 ----------------------------------- 31 8.1螺栓选用型号----------------------------------------- 31 8.2高强度螺栓平面摩擦联接校核--------------------------- 31
8.3受扭转力矩铰制孔螺栓强度计算 ------------------------- 31
9 机器的安装调试和维护 ----------------------------------- 33 9.1机器的安装要求--------------------------------------- 33
9.1.1主轴装置 ----------------------------------------- 33
9.1.2卷筒--------------------------------------------- 34
9.1.3盘形制动器 --------------------------------------- 34
9.1.4电动机------------------------------------------- 34
9.1.5减速器------------------------------------------- 35 9.2机器的调整------------------------------------------- 35
9.2.1产品空运转试验要求 ------------------------------- 35
9.2.2机器的负荷试车 ----------------------------------- 36
9.2.3机器的加载试车 ----------------------------------- 36
9.3机器的维护和保养------------------------------------- 37
9.3.1机器的维护和安全使用 ----------------------------- 37
9.3.4制动器的保养 ------------------------------------- 37 9.4机器故障的排除--------------------------------------- 38 结论----------------------------------------------------- 40 致谢----------------------------------------------------- 41 参考文献-------------------------------------------------- 42 附录①单绳缠绕式提升机设计规范(摘录) ---------------------- 44 附录②光电测速传感器 ------------------------------------- 52
1 前言
1.1提升机的用途和发展概况
提升机是矿山大型固定设备之一，是联系井下与地面的主要运输工具，在矿山生产建设中起着重要的作用。矿井提升机主要用于煤矿、金属矿和非金属矿中提升煤炭、矿石和矸石、升降人员、下放材料、工具和设备。
矿井提升机与压气、通风和排水设备组成矿井四大固定设备，是一套复杂的机械——电气排组。所以合理的选用矿井提升机具有很大的意义。
矿井提升机的工作特点是在一定的距离内，以较高的速度往复运行。为保证提升工作高效率和安全可靠，矿井提升机应具有良好的控制设备和完善的保护装置。矿井提升机在工作中一旦发生机械和电器故障，就会严重地影响到矿井的生产，甚至造成人身伤亡。
熟悉矿井提升机的性能、结构和动作原理，提高安装质量，合理使用设备，加强设备维护，对于确保提升工作高效率和安全可靠，防止和杜绝故障及事故的发生，具有重大意义。
矿井提升机已有很长的发展历史。早在八百多年以前，我国古代劳动人民就发明了轱辘，用手摇骨碌从地下提升煤炭和矿石，以后发展成畜力绞车。十九世纪，由于电力的发展，电力拖动的提升机逐渐代替蒸汽提升机。近几十年来，矿井提升机有了更大的发展，出现了多绳摩擦式提升机以及先进的拖动和控制系统。目前，国外的矿井提升机正向体积小、重量轻和自动化的方向发展，以适应深井和大量的需要。
解放以前，我国根本不能制造大型矿井提升机。解放以后，我国建立了矿井提升机的制造工厂，并已由仿制和改进国外产品发展到能自行
设计和制造。目前，我国已能成批生产近代化的大型矿井提升机。
1958年，我国设计并试制成功第一台DJ2*4多绳摩擦式提升机，为我国矿井提升机的制造和使用开辟了一个新的领域。目前，我国已能成批生产JKM型多绳摩擦式提升机，并正在逐渐形成多绳摩擦式提升机的新系列。
1.2提升机的结构和用途
每台提升机都由若干部分组成：主轴、缠绕机构、轴承和主制动器。这些便是基本部分。缠绕机构有好几种，最常用的结构是单圆柱形滚筒及双圆柱形滚筒。对于单圆柱形滚筒，两根钢丝绳功用一个滚筒缠绕面；第一根钢丝绳自滚筒松开而相应地漏出的滚筒面由另一根钢丝绳缠上。对于双圆柱形滚筒，没根钢丝绳都缠绕在特有的滚筒上，即在任何时刻钢丝绳都只是缠在两支滚筒总缠绕面的一半上。在这种情形下，一个滚筒结实地固定在主轴上，另一个则活套在主轴上，借助于离合器与主轴相连，以便在必须时可使二滚筒作相对转动。滚筒相对转动的可能行使得提升设备的操作变得容易，因为可以容易地调节由于钢丝绳弹性变形而逐渐伸长的长度。此外，还可以补偿由于对钢丝绳做周期性的试验而截下的长度。依次，在每个滚筒的表面除了等于提升高度的钢丝绳长度外尚需附加30米长的钢丝绳，这样才有可能当滚筒作相对转动以使一根钢丝绳的铅垂长度增加时并不使另一根钢丝绳缩短。当有双滚筒提升机时还可能更换操作水平。当上容器停在井口车场时而下容器移至新的位置。这在一个提升水平但有个承受台时也是需要的，例如翻转式罐笼当提升重物及提人时容器的终端位置是不同的。当用单滚筒或滚筒的离合器不作用时，除原定水平外，如要服务于另一水平或承受台则仅能用一个提升容器；第二个容器不过起着平衡锤的作用，此时，提升生产率骤
矿井提升机
矿井提升机 是矿井井下和地面的工作机械。是一种大型绞车。用钢丝绳带动容器（罐笼或箕斗）在井筒中升降，完成输送物料和人员的任务。矿井提升机是由原始的提水工具逐步发展演变而来。现代的矿井提升机提升量大，速度高，已发展成为电子计算机控制的全自动重型矿山机械。 目录
?1简介 ?2说明 ?3组成 ?4分类 ?缠绕式提升机 ?摩擦式提升机 ?制动装置 ?5绞车的调整和保养?绞车的调整 ?绞车的润滑 ?绞车的试运转 简介 编辑 名称：矿井提升机 英文名：mine hoist 2说明
编辑 是一种大型提升机械设备。由电机带动机械设备，以带动钢丝绳从而带动容器在井筒中升降，完成输送任务。矿井提升机是由原始的提水工具逐步发展演变而来。现代的矿井提升机提升量大，速度高，安全性高，已发展成为电子计 算机控制的全自动重型矿山机械。矿井提升机 3组成 编辑 矿井提升机主要由电动机、减速器、卷筒（或摩擦轮）、制动系统、深度指示系统、测速限速系统和操纵系统等组成，采用交流或直流电机驱动。按提升钢丝绳的工作原理分缠绕式矿井提升机和摩擦式矿井提升机。缠绕式矿井提升机有单卷筒和双卷筒两种，钢丝绳在卷筒上的缠绕方式与一般绞车类似。单筒大多只有一根钢丝绳，连接一个容器。双筒的每个卷筒各配一根钢丝绳，连接两个容器，运转时一个容器上升，另一个容器下降。缠绕式矿井提升机大多用于年产量在120万吨以下、井深小于400米的矿井中。摩擦式矿井提升机的提升绳搭挂在摩擦轮上，利用与摩擦轮衬垫的摩擦力使容器上升。提升绳的两端各连接一个容器，或一端连接容器，另一端连接平衡重。摩擦式矿井提升机根据布置方式分为塔式摩擦式矿井提升机（机房设在井筒顶部塔架上）和落地摩擦式矿井提升机（机房直接设在地面上）两种。按提升绳的数量又分为单绳摩擦式矿井提升机和多绳摩擦式矿井提升机。后者的优点是：可采用较细的钢丝绳和直径较小的摩擦
建筑类外文文献及中文翻译
forced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、steel mechanical link 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.
建筑-外文翻译
外文文献： Risk Analysis of the International Construction Project By: Paul Stanford Kupakuwana Cost Engineering Vol. 51/No. 9 September 2009 ABSTRACT This analysis used a case study methodology to analyse the issues surrounding the partial collapse of the roof of a building housing the headquarters of the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). In particular, it examined the prior roles played by the team of construction professionals. The analysis revealed that the SAZ’s traditional construction project was generally characterized by high risk. There was a clear indication of the failure of a contractor and architects in preventing and/or mitigating potential construction problems as alleged by the plaintiff. It was reasonable to conclude that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It appeared justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. The risk analysis facilitated, through its multi-dimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. It further served to emphasize the point that clients are becoming more demanding, more discerning, and less willing to accept risk without recompense. Clients do not want surprise, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. KEY WORDS:Arbitration, claims, construction, contracts, litigation, project and risk The structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Piesold (KP). Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins, Leshnick & Bath (HLB). The contract was awarded to Central African Building Corporation (CABCO) who was also responsible for the provision of a specialist roof structure using patented “gang nail” roof
机械毕业设计430缠绕式双卷筒提升机论文
摘要 单绳缠绕式矿井提升机的工作原理：钢丝绳的一端用钢丝绳夹持固定在卷筒幅板上，另一端经卷筒的缠绕后，通过井架天轮悬挂提升容器。这样，利用主轴旋转方式的不同，将钢丝绳缠绕上或放松，以完成提升或下降容器的工作。 主轴装置是单绳缠绕式矿井提升机的主要工作机构，它的作用是：①缠绕提升机钢丝绳；②承受各种正常载荷(包括固定载荷和工作载荷)； ③承受各种积极情况所造成的非常载荷。在非常载荷作用下，主轴装置部分不应有残余变形。单绳缠绕式矿井提升机的主轴装置是其核心部件，要求我们应认真设计，精心制造，这对于确保矿井提升机安全可靠运行，预防和杜绝故障及事故的发生，也具有十分重要的意义。 本设计根据生产实际和预选的数据，以提升机的配套设备为核心，经过科学的计算和分析，设计、选择了一套矿井提升机的传动系统设备，并采用了光电测速传感器作为深度指示系统的数据采集装置，实现了从机械控制到数电控制的转变，同时为提升机控制系统的技术改造奠定了基础。 关键词：提升机，主轴，制动器，光电测速传感器
ABSTRACT What the principle of the single rope twines mine pit elevator is that: One end of the steel wire rope is fixed to Winding by the steel wire rope nip, another end after twined hangs and promotes the vessel by derrick wheel. In this way, we make use of the differences of the revolve way to twine or relax the steel wire rope so that to complete the vessel to step up or drop down. Main axle is the core part of the mine elevator. Its functions are:① the steel wire rope of twines the type mine pit elevator ; ②endure a kind of normal load( including fixed load and work load );③endure the kinds of unusual load which is result from positive situation. Under the unusual load function, the part of the main axle equipment should not remain remaining distortion. It required us to be careful designing and manufacture when designing and manufacturing. Only in this way, we can prevent the occurrence of failures or accidents .Obviously, the possesses is very significance. This design is on the basis of the data which are chosen by advance and actually, take the elevator supplementary equipment as the core, after the analysis and computation in science, has designed and chosen a set of the transmission system of the mine pits elevators, and used the electrical-light sensor as the equipment of the indicating system which to measure the amount of the depth of the tank. It enforced the change from the mechanically control to the numerical control, at the same time, has laid the foundation for improve the control system of the elevator. KEY WORDS: elevator, main axle, brake, electrical-light measurement velocity sensor
外文翻译建筑学
芬兰建筑主要因两点而闻名实用而直接的现代主义和一种同自然之间的虚构的关系。从阿尔瓦·阿尔托和他同时代——包括埃里克·布吕格曼和保利·布卢姆斯泰特 . 在内——的那些设计了年前的芬兰现代建筑作品的建筑师开始就是如此。阿尔托在年代的设计特别是完成于年的帕伊米奥疗养院布吕格曼设计的私人住宅和图尔库的公寓区以及布卢姆斯泰特的教堂设计都是芬兰现代建筑早期阶段的标志。在这之后现代主义运动的主流和分支总是成为芬兰建筑学习的对象。如此忠诚于现代主义的原因可以归结到芬兰自年独立以来的社会发展以及北欧人一贯的建筑和设计方向。北部的地理位置和文化在北欧的多种现代主义中建筑是与众多北部 欧洲的文化特性交织在一起的。起决定性的因素是气候和自然环境 同时还有从路德教而来、体现在北欧福利国家的一种共有的精神。这里值得一提的是在当地民众与自然之间的关系形成的过程中有一个关键因素——“自由信步”的理念简而言之即在一定限度内每个人都有权利进入到自然环境及其所赋予的一切中去。这一传统在那些居住环境与自然紧密相联的地方广为人知在北欧国家更是根深蒂固。波罗的海地区的自然环境十分富足、多样且尺度较小。内陆中不计其数的湖面形成了广阔的水路。芬兰被称为“千岛之国”。实际上可以说芬兰的自然环境充满了各种独特的场所。我们没有一望无际的海岸沙滩或巨大的高差但是我们拥有河、湖和群岛。多样且无所不在的水陆交替为芬兰的自然环境提供了一种韵律。这种韵律既是视觉上的也是精神上的。此外四季的变换——温暖明亮
的夏季和寒冷多雪的冬季——强化了景观的多变对自然空间的应用有着显著影响。关于芬兰建筑前文所述都与芬兰人所认知的好建筑密切相关。在这里成为好建筑的关键因素是同地段或场所的联系 及其空间体验。当代芬兰建筑中的自然和现代主义尤哈那·拉赫蒂孙凌波译: . , . , . ' , , ' , ' , , . , , . Finland' , . , , , . ' , , " ", , , , . , , , . , , . Finland . , . . , , . . . , , , , . Finland. , , . , , . ’ . , , . , . , 首先成为好建筑要尊重地段及其历史无论它是在自然环境里还是在城市之中。以阿尔瓦·阿尔托为代表的年代的芬兰建筑师一贯坚持在项目进程中对地段上的树木加以保护。这是让自然成为建筑院落一部分的方式之一。在这个时代区域划分成为城市规划的一部
建筑类外文翻译范例-毕业设计外文翻译范例
土木工程概论 摘要：土木工程是个庞大的学科，但最主要的是建筑，建筑无论是在中国还是在国外，都有着悠久的历史，长期的发展历程。整个世界每天都在改变，而建筑也随科学的进步而发展。力学的发现，材料的更新，不断有更多的科学技术引入建筑中。以前只求一间有瓦盖顶的房屋，现在追求舒适，不同的思想，不同的科学，推动了土木工程的发展，使其更加完美。 关键词：土木工程；建筑；力学；材料 土木工程是建造各种工程的统称。它的原意是与“军事工程”相对应的。在英语中，历史上土木工程、机械工程、电气工程、化工工程都属于Civil Engineering ，因为它们都具有民用性。后来，随着工程科学技术的发展，机械、电气、化工都已逐渐形成独立的科学，Civil Engineering 就成为土木工程的专门名词。至今，在英语中，Civil Engineering 还包括水利工程、港口工程；而在我国，水利工程和港口工程也成为与土木工程十分密切的相对独立分支。土木工程既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测，设计施工，保养，维修等专业技术。 土木工程是一种与人们的衣、食、住、行有着密切关系的工程。其中与“住”的关系是直接的。因为，要解决“住”的问题必须建造各种类型的建筑物。而解决“行、食衣”的问题既有直接的一面，也有间接的一面。要“行”，必须建造铁路、道路、桥梁；要“食”，必须打井取水、兴修水利、进行农田灌溉、城市供水排水等，这是直接关系。而间接关系则不论做什么，制造汽车、轮船也好，纺纱、织布、制衣也好，乃至生产钢铁、发射卫星、开展科学研究活动都离不开建造各种建筑物、构筑物和修建各种工程设施。 土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。 土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要
名片翻译补充
名片翻译补充材料 ?商务名片中的人名、职位和地址翻译?名片上常用的有关缩略词及翻译 ?名片上常常出现的部门名称及其翻译
商务名片中的人名、职位和地址翻译 一、人名的翻译 1.把中文人名翻译成英文时，一般都直接按汉语拼音拼写。姓和名的第一个字母大写，姓在前，名在后，名字的拼音写在一块。例如，“余秋雨”应该写作“Yu Qiuyu”(不应写作“Yu Qiu Yu”或“Yu QiuYu”)。如果姓是复姓，也要连在一起。如“诸葛小培”要写成“Zhuge Xiaopei”，因为“诸葛”是姓。 2.有些中国人也会起一个英文名，再在后面加上汉语拼音的姓，这在文化层次较高的年青人和知名人士中间比较流行，比如像“Peter Zhang”、“David Wang”、“Mary Zhao”等等，还有搜狐总裁张朝阳的英文名是Charles Zhang，影星成龙的英文名为Jackie Cheng。在翻译名片时也可以按照这种方法，但要注意在翻译时英文名最好和中文名发音一致，如果做不到，也要争取英文名和中文名局部发音一致或尽量相近相关。如：郑丽丽Lily Zheng；杨俊June Yang；梁梅May Liang；张韩平Happy Zhang；李翠Tracy Li。并且要注意已有固定英文姓名的中国及华裔知名人士应使用其固定的英文姓名。如李嘉诚（Li Ka-shing）。当然有时也可以根据情况把中文名意译加上姓，如：张长河River Zhang,梁梅Plum Liang,李苹Apple Li 。
3.英文姓名最好按照已有的约定俗成的名字译成中文，不能乱译。如Elizabeth翻译成为“伊丽莎白”；Obama翻译成“奥巴马”；White翻译成“怀特”而不是“白”。有的英文名字中的中间名用缩略形式，在翻译时可以照抄下来，在中文中还用缩略形式，或者干脆不用。 另外，由于英汉两种不同文化在语言上存在的差异，英语国家姓名的排列顺序是：名在前，姓在后。而在汉语中则是姓在前，名在后。在对人名进行英汉翻译时，我们要尊重并保留英语中名在前、姓在后的书写和表达习惯。例如：Tom Johnson通常汉译为汤姆·约翰逊，汤姆是名，放在前面，约翰逊为姓，放在后面；名和姓之间用点隔开，以更清楚地区分哪部分是名，哪部分是姓。 4.汉语中的人名一般会反映出人的性别。例如“玉”、“琼”、“珍”、“玲”、“丽”、“花”等常出现在女性的名字中，而“磊”、“伟”、“强”、“刚”、“军”“力”等多用在男性的名字中。为了使汉译后的英文名字也符合汉语的这种习惯，翻译时可尽量选择一些带有性别色彩的汉语名字，如将Anna译为“安娜”，Daphne译为“达芙妮”，Joan译为“琼”，Mary译为“玛丽”等，让人一看就知道这些是女性。 5.如果英文名比较偏，找不到约定俗成的翻译方法，可以参考已有的姓名和音译方法组合成新的中文人名，如Spote Tail一名，可参考Spotts（斯波茨）与Auguste（奥古斯特）取前者的首音节与后者的尾音节，组成“斯波特”。Tail一词可参照Tailor（泰勒）译为“泰尔”，全名可译为“斯波特·泰尔”。
建筑设计外文翻译文献
建筑设计外文翻译文献 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 外文： Structural Design of Reinforced Concrete Sloping Roof Abstract: This paper point out common mistakes and problems in actual engineering design according immediately poured reinforced concrete sloping roof especially common residential structure.It brings out layout and design concept use folded plate and arch shell structure in order to reduction or elimination beam and column Layout to reduce costs and expand use function for user of garret . The paper also discussed the need to open the roof holes, windows, and with other design with complex forms . The corresponding simple approximate calculation method and the structure treatment also described in this paper. Keywords : sloping roof;folded plate; along plane load;vertical plane load
中高级口译翻译补充练习
中高级口译翻译补充练习 一保温瓶的清洁与保养： 第一次使用之前,将保温瓶清洗、冲净并擦干。使用之后，必须将保温瓶倒空。在水中加入苏打粉或洗洁精，用手清洗。使用瓶刷，使保温瓶的里面得到彻底清洁。 二相关提示： 1. 用热水对保温瓶进行预热（或用凉水预凉），可增进保温效果。勿在微波炉、烤箱或冰箱内使用保温瓶。 2. 不可在保温瓶内存放碳酸饮料。因为此种饮料在瓶内会产生压力，将瓶塞顶出。 The rapidly-changing Shanghai is a driving force/propeller/engine of China’s economy. A case in point/a typical example is the Lu Jiazui Finance and Trade Zone in the Pudong New Area which has turned itself to an international financial center represented by Shanghai Securities Exchange and the seats of many international financial institutions, hotels and conference centers since its establishment in the 1990s under the visionary guidance of the Chinese government. With 101 floors above ground level and soaring into a height of 492m, Shanghai World Financial Center is located in the center of the zone. Reflecting a concept of vertical integrated city, SWFC serves as a platform where people can share information and get absolute safety and enjoy warm-hearted service. Key for Reference: Cleaning and maintenance of thermos/vacuum bottle/flask Wash,rinse and dry the vacuum flask before using it for the first time. Always empty the vacuum flask after use. Wash it by hand, adding soda powder or washing-up liquid/detergent to water. Use a bottle brush to make sure the inside is thoroughly cleaned. Good to know/Notice/Tips: 1. Pre-heating the flask with hot water or cooling it with cold water will improve its performance. Never use a vacuum flask in a microwave oven, baking oven or refrigerator/freezer. 2. Do not keep carbonated/soda beverages/soft drinks in the flask, for the pressure it generates can push the cork out. 根据《中华人民共和国物权法》、《中华人民共和国土地管理法》、《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》、《上海市房地产登记条例》等有关法律、法规的规定，为保护土地使用权人、房屋所有权人的合法权益、对权利人申请登记的土地、房屋及其他附着物，经审核，准予登记，颁发此证。 In accordance with/In (the) light of/In reference to/On the principle of/According to/Based on the Property Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of Land Administration of the People’s Republic of China,
建筑外文文献及翻译
外文原文 Study on Human Resource Allocation in Multi-Project Based on the Priority and the Cost of Projects Lin Jingjing , Zhou Guohua SchoolofEconomics and management, Southwest Jiao tong University ,610031 ,China Abstract----This paper put forward the affecting factors of project’s priority. which is introduced into a multi-objective optimization model for human resource allocation in multi-project environment . The objectives of the model were the minimum cost loss due to the delay of the time limit of the projects and the minimum delay of the project with the highest priority .Then a Genetic Algorithm to solve the model was introduced. Finally, a numerical example was used to testify the feasibility of the model and the algorithm. Index Terms—Genetic Algorithm, Human Resource Allocation, Multi-project’s project’s priority . 1.INTRODUCTION More and more enterprises are facing the challenge of multi-project management, which has been the focus among researches on project management. In multi-project environment ,the share are competition of resources such as
提升机实验报告
矿业工程系 学生实验报告 课程名称提升机实验报告专业名称采矿工程 姓名孙渊 学号 114381731035 矿业工程系实验室 ２０14年月日
实验名称提升机实验报告实验日期2014年月日 指导老师艾德春老师分组号实验地点矿矿业工程系实验室 提升机实验报告 一、实验目的： 1.明白实验室立井罐笼提升与保护演示装置和立井落地式多绳摩擦提升与保护演示装置并且会操作。 2.能区分立井罐笼提升与保护演示装置和立井落地式多绳摩擦提升与保护演示装置。 二、实验原理： 1. 立井罐笼提升 ①单卷筒提升机，一般作单钩提升。钢丝绳的一端固定在卷筒上，另一端绕过天轮与提升容器相连；卷筒转动时，钢丝绳向卷筒上缠绕或放出，带动提升容器升降。 ②双卷筒提升机，作双钩提升。两根钢丝绳各固定在一个卷筒上,分别从卷筒上、下方引出,卷筒转动时，一个提升容器上升，另一个容器下降。缠绕式提升机按卷筒的外形又分为等直径提升机和变直径提升机两种。 缠绕式提升机的主要部件有主轴、卷筒、主轴承、调绳离合器、减速器、深度指示器和制动器等。双卷筒提升机的卷筒与主轴固接者称固定卷筒，经调绳离合器与主轴相连者称活动卷筒。 多绳缠绕式提升机提升机在超深井运行中，尾绳悬垂长度变化大，提升钢丝绳承受很大交变应力，影响钢丝绳寿命；尾绳在井筒中还易扭转，妨碍工作。 2. 立井落地式多绳摩擦提升 多绳摩擦式提升机具有安全性高、钢丝绳直径细、主导轮直径小、设备重量轻、耗电少、价格便宜等优点，发展很快。除用于深立井提升外，还可用于浅立井和斜井提升。钢丝绳搭放在提升机的主导轮（摩擦轮）上，两端悬挂提升容器
或一端挂平衡重(锤)。运转时，借主导轮的摩擦衬垫与钢丝绳间的摩擦力,带动钢丝绳完成容器的升降。钢丝绳一般为2～10根。 三、实验步骤： 1. 立井罐笼提升 (1)、罐笼上升到井口时，碰上停车开关后自动停车。 (2)、在正常提升过程中在加速段可进行过速停车演示，具体是当提升机发出较大的声音时，表示处于加速或等速较高速段，此时按下控制箱上的过速开关可以听到提升机发出更大的声音，表示高速段过速，随后保护回路起作用而使提升机断电停车，在减速段，提升机声音骤然降低，此时可按下控制箱上的限速按钮，进行终端限速保护演示，具体现象是提升机又发生较高的声响，表示减速段的速度超限，随后安全回路起作用而自动停车。 (3)、进行过卷演示时，即按下过卷按钮，此时罐笼虽然碰到停车开关也不停下而继续上升，直到碰到过卷开关后方停车，同时发出铃声，按下过卷按钮，铃声停止，重新起动，罐笼下降恢复正常。
建筑设计论文外文翻译(2)
设计（论文）外文参考资料及 译文 译文题目：Discussi on on The Pla nning and Design of Commercial Buildi ngs 学生姓名：XXX 学号：09******83 专业：________________ 建筑学______________ 所在学院：_____________ XX学院____________ 指导教师：_____________ XX _____________ 职称: ________________ 畐U教授 ___________ 201X年XX月XX 日
原文: Discussion on The Planning and Design of Commercial Buildings Abstract: the commercial building in residential buildings has become, most attract sb.'s atte nti on, the largest build ing is in flue need by the type of en ergy and Ian dscape of the city pla nning, desig n of commercial buildi ngs will face more problems. This paper discusses how to carry on pla nning and desig n of commercial buildi ngs, the con structi on of a rati on al, reas on able, appropriate bus in ess build ing, so as to create a good social and econo mic ben efits. Keywords: con structi on pla nning; commercial build in gs; architectural desig n Preface Comprehe nsive is the developme nt trend of moder n commercial buildi ngs, architects in the design of commercial buildings and functions are changing, different positioning of pla nning, bus in ess characteristics and local cultural in flue nce commercial buildi ng mode, which requires us to continuously improve our project products, create more in line with the bus in ess n eeds of the best pla n and desig n works, and fin ally let inv estors and con sumers feel a con sta nt value, so that they feel superior comb in atio n of spatial con ti nu ous operati on, let the customer feel shopp ing pleasure, feel the beauty of life and the world. 1. Commercial architectural scheme Commercial buildi ngs are gen erally large inv estme nt, high risk, long cycle, the successful operati on of returns, differe nt commercial patter ns determ ine differe nt commercial build ing form, and commercial patter n is determ ined and market positi oning, the positi oning accuracy of the architect, to commercial buildi ng various fun cti ons, property, facilities should have full understanding and effective organization, and different commercial construction pla nning ideas to produce commercial architectural desig n works are differe nt, econo mic ben efits of inv estme nt has great differe nce. Good architectural pla nning has decided the success or failure of architectural desig n. I. Market survey of commercial building design must be based on the market survey results. Based on the characteristics and trend of foreig n con sumpti on, econo mic con diti ons, traffic con diti ons, the surro unding commercial patter n, city in frastructure, city developme nt pla nning, full market research bus in ess situati on, on the project itself, choose format, format portfolio, the distributi on of in dustrial cha in and area proporti on, in dustry select ion, distribution and area ratio to the shops, division, architectural form, area and the floor function, people oriented system, project environment and supporting facilities are set in adva nce. Provide desig n basis for the architect to desig n. 2. Mode dema nd regardless of commercial buildi ng is ren tal, sale or ren tal run
英文补充协议
编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载 英文补充协议 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________
Supplementary agreement In order to guarantee the interests of the school and the foreign teacher and facilitate the smooth development of teaching and the foreign teacher ' s safe and orderly life, we clarify our respective responsibility further and add additional terms listed as follows: Party a:Party b: 1, the rented accommodation is only for the teacher. The foreign teacher shouldn ’ t allow others to live in the apartment in order to avoid accidents. 2, during the work, the foreign teacher should have the civilized words and deeds and won t develop any improper friendship or relationship (such as love, etc.) with students. 3, the foreign teacher will bear the cost of utilities (such as water bill) and Internet flow fee (90yuan per month). The school is only responsible for the accommodation expenses, not including other living expenses. As the foreign teacher first comes to Beijing, he is not familiar with a lot of things. To show humanistic care, the school has paid the power bill (600 yuan for 1200 degrees). By November 30, if the actual consumption power number is more than 1200 degrees, the foreign teacher should pay the rest. If the foreign teacher continues to teach in CuiWei middle school, the school will bear the cost of 200 degrees per month, but the excess part is borne by the foreign teacher. The school has installed the broadband network and the foreign teacher should burden Internet flow fee (about 90 yuan ) every month. So the foreign teacher will pay 270 yuan for the cost of 3 months. 4, the foreign teacher shall observe the school ' s work system and regulations concerning administration of subject teachers such as job duties, classroom norms, work discipline, school group activities. Also, the foreign teacher shall complete the tasks agreed on schedule and guarantee the quality of work. At the same time, the school will also