20139月份四级考试样卷4

Model Test 4

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic What Is in the Way of Paying Back the Loans. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 目前一部分学生是通过银行贷款完成学业的;

2. 但是有少数学生毕业后没有按时还贷;

3. 你认为有哪些原因，应该如何解决此类问题。

What Is in the Way of Paying Back the Loans

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will 6e a pauses. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding Letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single Line through the centre.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A) A research assistant. B) A writer.

C) An office clerk. D) A student.

2. A) Call a taxi for the woman. B) Ride a horse with the woman.

C) Take the woman to the bus station. D) Drive the woman to the train station.

3. A) Keep looking far his wallet. B) Report the theft of the wallet right away.

C) Put his wallet in the jacket pocket. D) Be more careful with his wallet.

4. A) She thinks the man should have helped earlier.

B) She doesn't need the man's help.

C) She doesn't know the boxes are heavy.

D) She wants the man to help with the boxes.

5. A) The movie is bad. B) The movie is exciting.

C) She wants to see it again. D) She should have watched it on TV.

6. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures.

B) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.

C) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.

D) The guest lecturer's opinion is different from Dr. Johnson's.

7. A) The woman received a phone call from Mark yesterday.

B) The man injured Mark in a traffic accident yesterday.

C) The man met a friend of theirs by chance.

D) The woman contacted Mark on business.

8. A) Her guests don't like punch. B) Her husband left two gallons of punch.

C) She has too many gallons of punch. D) She will run out of punch.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A) Washing cars. B) Cleaning clothes.

C) Taking a bath. D) Drinking.

10. A) Separating different types of garbage. B) Disposing of trash properly.

C) Having a family clean-up party. D) Not wasting paper.

11 .A) We can protect the forests. B) We can cut down on waste.

C) We can save money. D) We can save the animals.

12. A) 'They visit a recycling center. B) They clean a neighborhood park.

C) They collect trash. D) They collect newspapers.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. A) It's too expensive.

B) The neighborhood is noisy.

C) It's located some distance from school.

D) She can't bear her roommate.

14. A) Somewhere that is within a short driving distance of campus.

B) An apartment with furniture already in it.

C) A place where she can live alone.

D) A big house with a parking space

15. A) He is planning on calling a friend who owns an apartment building.

B) He will check the newspapers to see if he can find an apartment for rent.

C) He is going to visit an apartment building near his place.

D) He will put an ad on TV for same sources of houses.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡I上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) Far away from the city. B) Inside the city.

C) Near the city. D) In the city center.

17. A) Traveling by bus or car. B) Living in an expensive way.

C) Enjoying city life. D) Finding places to live in.

18. A) When they are on holidays. B) On Sunday morning.

C) On Saturday night. D) As soon as they have information.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) They help to care anxiety.

B) They help gain insight into the cause of anxiety.

C) They help to control anxiety.

D) They help patients to work efficiently.

20. A) They reduce a person's appetite.

B) They keep a person from being persistent in face of trouble.

C) They make a person's nerve system weak.

D) They make a person more vulnerable to disease.

21. A) Prejudiced. B) Enthusiastic.

C) Indifferent. D) Objective.

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) She died across from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development.

B) US Department of Housing and Urban Development threw the dead woman out onto the

street.

C) She died in Washington D. C.，the nation's capital.

D) No one cared about the homeless woman.

23. A) Because they do not want to pay for the houses.

B) Because they have financial troubles.

C) Because they like traveling across the country.

D) Because they like drinking out.

24. A) Finding houses; training for jobs; medical treatment.

B) Treatment for those who use drugs or alcohol; finding places to live; training for jobs.

C) Finding them jobs; sending them to hospitals; locking for houses.

D) Building houses for homeless people; teaching them English; finding doctors for them.

25. A} Because it is a personal and economic problem as well as a social one.

B) Because it is a totally personal problem.

C) Because it is a huge burden on economics.

D) Because it is a social problem.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the fast time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. For 6lartks numbered from 26 to 35 you required to fill in the missing information. Finally, when the passage is read for the third tune，you should check what you have written.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡I上作答。

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive, Some experts ( 26 )_________the answer is to make jobs more (27)___________.There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more ( 28 )___________，it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is (29) __________, the variety is not an important (30) ___________.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job is important. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its (31) ___________machinery which must be used in a (32) _________way. Another important consideration is how much each worker (33) ___________to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now (34) _________ having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker does more to the production of the cars on his line.

To what extent more money led to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money, nor shorter working hours be (35) _______ to them.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one ward for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single Line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child (36) when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

Language learning begins with listening. (37) children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken (38) some time before they can speak though the word obey is (39) .Accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak，many children will also question by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any(40) to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to (41) difficulties. It is (42) that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to shoe the baby's (43) to communicate they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed ,too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to(44) new sounds to their repertoire(能发出的全部声音).This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then (45) as to the point at which one can say that these imitation can be considered as speech.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) individual B)intention C ) regarded D)hardly

E) agreed F)making G) instruction H)performs

I) attempt J)considerable K) arises L) cooperative

M) add N) challenges O) well

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Managing Conflicts

A) Will your relationships with other people grow and be strengthened, or will they dry up and

ultimately die? The answer on how you manage conflicts within them. Conflict is the clash of opposing attitudes, ideas，behaviors，goals，and needs. People engage in many behaviors to cope with or manage their conflicts. Some are positive and some are negative. The ways to cope with conflict may be discussed under five major patterns.

B) One of the most common -and certainly one of the easiest一ways to deal with conflict is to withdraw. Withdrawal is physical or psychological removal from the situation.

C) Physical withdrawal is of course the easiest to identify. Done and Tom are in conflict over Tom's smoking. When Dorie says, "Tom, I thought you told me that whether you stopped smoking completely or not, you weren't going to smoke around the house. Now here you are lighting up!”Tom may withdraw physically, saying “I don't want to talk about it.”, as he goes to his basement workshop.

D) Psychological withdrawal may be more difficult to recognize. Using the same example, when Dorie speaks to Tom about his smoking, Tom sit quietly in his chair looking at Dorie, but while she is speaking, he is thinking about the card game he will be going to the next evening.

E) Both of these common withdrawal behaviors are negative. Why? Because they neither eliminate nor attempt to manage the nature of the conflict. For instance, when Tom withdraws physically，Done may fallow him to the basement, where the conflict will continue; if not, the conflict will undoubtedly surface later一probably in an intensified manner when Dore and Tom try to cope with another issue.

F) There appear to be two types of situations where withdrawal may work. The first is when the withdrawal is temporarily used for the purpose of letting the heat of the conflict cool down. When Bi11 and Margaret begin to argue over having Bill's mother fox dinner, Margaret feels herself get angry about what her mother-in-law had said to her recently about the way she and Bill were raising their daughter. Margaret says，"Hold it a minute. Let me make a pot of coffee. We can both relax a bit and then we'll talk about this some more” A few minutes later she returns, temper under control and ready to approach the conflict more objectively. Margaret's action is not true withdrawal, it is not meant as a means of avoiding confrontation. It provides a cooling-off period that will probably benefit both of them. The second case where withdrawal may work is when a conflict occurs between people who don't communicate often. Jack and Mark work in the same office: At the two office gatherings they have gotten into arguments about whether the company really cares about its employees. At the next office gathering Mark avoids sitting near Jack. Withdrawal is a negative pattern only when it is a person's major way of managing conflict.

G) Surrender means giving in immediately to avoid conflict. Some people are so afraid of being in conflict that they will do anything to avoid it. For instance, Jeff and Marian are discussing their vacation plans. Jeff would like just the two of them to go somewhere together, but Marian has talked with two of their friends about going together. After Jeff mentions that he'd like the two of them to go alone, Marian says, "But I think it would be funny to go with another couple，don't you think so?" Jeff replies，“OK, whatever you want.”Jeff really wants the two of them to go alone. Rather than describe his feelings or give reasons for his position, he gives in to avoid conflict

H) Surrender is negative for at least two reasons(1)Decisions should be made on values, if one person gives in, there is no evaluation of the decision一no one knows what would really be best.(2) Surrender can anger the other person. When Marian tells Jeff her thoughts, she would probably like Jeff to see her way as the best. But if Jeff just surrenders, Marian will perceive Jeff

not as liking her plan but as martyring(牺牲)himself. His unwillingness to present his reasons could cause even more conflict.

I) The use of physical or psychological power to get one's way is aggression. Through aggression people attempt to force others to accept their ideas. Through aggression a person may“win"，but it seldom does anything positive for a relationship. Aggression is an emotional reaction to conflict. Aggression never deals with tire values of the issue一only who is bigger or who can talk louder. J) Persuasion is the attempt to change either the attitude or the behavior of another person. At times during a conflict one person might try to persuade the other that a particular action is the right one. Doris and Jack are considering buying a car. Doris says，“Don't we need room?" Jack, her husband，might reply, "Enough to get us into the car together, but I don't see why we need m ore than that.”At this point, Doris and Jack's conflict comes into focus. Now Doris might say, "Jack, remember the other day when you were complaining about our present car because it doesn't have much back-seat room? We carry a lot of stuff. I do food shopping, you're always carrying somewhere with us.”Statements like this one are attempts at resolving the conflict through persuasion. When persuasion is open and reasonable, it can be a positive means of resolving conflict.

K) Discussion involves talking to solve problems. It involves weighing and considering the good and bad points of the issues in conflict. Discussion is the best means of dealing with conflict in a relationship; however, it is often difficult to accomplish.

I) Problem-solving might follow the formal method of defining the problem, analyzing the problem，suggesting possible solutions，selecting the solution that best fits the analysis，and working to implement the decision. For instance，if Jeff and Marian were discussing, they might focus on the problem of how they would spend their vacation. They would suggest places to go and the possibilities of going there with or without others. Then they would select the place and decide whether to go with their friends.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Instead of explaining one's real feelings and reasons, a person agrees with what the other suggests to avoid conflict, this is surrender.

47. Through aggression, people try to compel others to accept their ideas.

48. Discussion is the best way of handling conflict, but ii is difficult to accomplish.

49. Even people use aggressive power to make others accept their ideas, it may not be helpful for handling conflict.

50. The aim to manage conflicts is to grow and strengthen the relationships between people.

51. Psychological ignorance of the conflicts is a way of withdrawal to manage conflicts.

52. For persuasion to be positive in solving conflict, it needs to be open and reasonable.

53. Withdrawal is negative only when it becomes a person's major way o# coping with conflicts.

54. Discussion involves considering the pro-sides and con-sides of the issues in conflict.

55. In face of the wife's complaint, the husband just goes to bed and sleeps away her complaint, this is an example of physical withdrawal to deal with the clash.

Section C

Direction: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B, C tend D. You should decide on, the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil would be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engines was invented, oil became of world-wide importance.

What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and airplanes? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was farmed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea-bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by process of chemistry，pressure and temperature were changed into what we know as oil through long ages. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of the sea life，are found close to the ail. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea-bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.

56. Before the time when paraffin-oil could be made from oil,_

A) some people had made an enormous profit from it

B) people had not made much profit from it

C) oil had been of world importance

D) engines using oil had long been existing

57. Paragraph 2 is mainly about_·

A) how oils can be found nearby the sea

B) the possible origin of oil

C) how sedimentary rocks can be used

D) the general view of oilfields in the world

58. Which of the following is not one of the key conditions for the formation of oil?

A) high temperature B) chemical change

C) proper pressure D) sedimentary rocks

59. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that_.

A) oilfields in the world are very far away form one another

B) oilfields in the world are very near to one another

C) sedimentary rocks contain much in general

D) sedimentary rocks usually contain nothing but shale

60. Oil is likely to be found at the place_.

A) where there are minute sea creatures

B) where there is shale

C) nearby the rocks of marine origin

D) where there is paraffin-oil

Passage 2

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system，and the traditional system.

In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles，shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, fording somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence，the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy，goods and services are bought or sold for money.

An alternative to the market system is administrative controlled by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by government, shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.

In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition，too. People belonging to a certain group of caste may give an obligation to care for other person, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve，a stagnant society may result.

61. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A ) to outline contrasting types of economic system

B) to explain the science of economics

C) to argue for the superiority of economic system

D) to compare barter and money-exchange markets

62. In the second paragraph, the word "real" in "real goods" could be replaced by which of the following?

A) high quality B) concrete

C) utter D）authentic

63. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to_.

A) rapid speed of transactions B) misunderstandings

C) inflation D) difficulty for the traders

64. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?

A) individual households B) small businesses

C) major corporations D) the government

65. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person's place in a traditional society?

A) family background B) age.

C) religious belief D) custom

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐在公司工作。很少人愿意到研究单位。在崇尚物质的社会里，这是一个不可避免的问题。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找，工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹，现在纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

大学英语四级考试真题及答案(三套全)

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick. D) They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research. B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species. 6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance. C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.

大学英语四级试卷)

大学英语四级期末试卷 Part I: Multiple choice 20% Directions:For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. 1. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____. A. constructive B. feasible C. favorable D. stiff 2. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____ from the list for promotion. . A. eliminated B. retreated C. pried D. wrenched 3. We need someone really ____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.. A. crucial B. realistic C. essential D. efficient 4. I am pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously __. A. paid off B. taken its toll C. made a difference D. shown up 5. As a reporter, I was paid to __ into other people’s lives. A. pry B. convert C. blurt D. carve 6. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services. . A. essential B. appropriate C. equivalent D. lucrative 7. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger. A. went after B. followed up C. started up D. took on 8. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and__ increase its market power. A. therefore B. thereby C. hence D. further 9. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架)，so that you don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions. A. withstand B. mount C. implement D. dwell 10. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases. A. efficient B. stagnant C. intricate D. appropriate 11.___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.. A. prospective B. responsible C. ethnic D. realistic 12.However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlintong agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.. A. convert B. render C. cancel D. eliminate 13.This course focuses on the ____ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behaviour. A. conception B. combination C. application D. introduction 14.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ___ ground and air attacks. A. launch B. withstand C. contest D. contend

CET4试点样卷：大学英语四级考试样题及答案

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ab15686523.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）CET4试点考试样卷（一） Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Landfills考试大论坛 You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don't think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don't have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an Astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills. How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills. What Is a Landfill? There are two ways to bury trash: Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people's idea of a landfill!)

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