新编大学英语 1 Unit 3 背景知识之 cultural shock

cultural shock

The term, culture shock, was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place.

Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer that another for different

the emotional “roller coaster” they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in

new culture. There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping

rom person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional

gical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keep sakes are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.

新编大学英语第三册课文翻译共23页

Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持

不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 ２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 ３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 ４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 ５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。 ６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实

新编大学英语视听说第三册原文及答案

Unit 1 Listen1_Ex1 Interviewer:Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been living in Canada for a long time, haven't you? Angela:Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now. Interviewer:Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality? Angela:Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I have two personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer:That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean? Angela:Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home. Interviewer:Do different cultures have different ideas as to what is polite? Angela:Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent. Interviewer:Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela:Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am. 1.Angela immigrated from Canada to Korea.(F ) 2.Angela is about 20 years old now.(F ) 3.Angela had two different personalities,one at school and one at home.(T ) 4.Sun-Kyung is Anglela's gilefriend at school.(F ) 5.Angela agrees that culture affects personality.(T ) 6.Being expected to two different cultures is sometimes confusing.(T) 1) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow 5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly 7) look at my feet 8) shy and silent Listen2_Ex1 I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am. I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself. I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things. It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People

新编大学英语3 第三单元课后练习答案 第三版

Unit 3 Social Problems In-class Reading Passage 课内阅读练习答案 Part One Preparation 1. Describing the Pictures Picture A：A couple is dining at a restaurant. Both of them are smoking. But they call and complain to the waiter, saying that those sitting at the other tables are coughing too much and that bothers them. However, they have not realized that actually it is their smoking that has caused those people to cough. I have seen many people who behave like this couple. They never take other people’s interest into consideration. They are selfish and always ready to find fault with others. They never see their own wrong doings but always make a false counter-charge. They are despised by most other people. Picture B: In this picture I see a strange beggar. While most beggars beg for food or drinks, this guy begs for money in order to buy wines. He wants to try all the 596,704 wines existing in this world. He said he already tasted 38,279 wines out of that number. Suppose he tries one kind of wine one day, it would have taken him more than 100 years to come so far. He is really an ambitious man. However, if he has the ambition to try all the existing wines, he should work hard and make money himself instead of begging for other people’s money to enjoy what life can offer. There are some people like this beggar these days. They want to enjoy life, but not based on their own hard work or effort. They want a free lunch and many of them live on borrowed money. I don’t think this is a good attitude towards life. Everyone should work hard to make a good living. Picture C: I see a court with a judge, a defendant and probably a lawyer in the picture. What is strange about this picture is that I find a tip pot, which is usually placed in a restaurant for waiters or waitress. They get tips for their excellent services to their customers. Waiters or waitresses who get generous tips will provide even better service to customers. However, a court is a place for people to seek justice and fairness. It punishes the guilty and releases the innocent. If judges start to take tips, I doubt that there will be any more justice. People will no longer be treated equally and truth will not be valued. Judgment will not be made based on facts, but on how big the tip is. What an evil place! Picture D: In this picture I see two men behind bars. One is telling his fellow prisoner that he did not commit the crimes that he had been accused of committing. His mistake was that he stole the identity of a guy who had committed those crimes. The police took him for that guy and put him in jail. They actually got the wrong person. And he was innocent. Was he really innocent? I don’t think so. He was a thief, and he was not innocent at all. However, he received a heavier punishment than he deserved. So that was an irony. The guy stole another person’s identity and in a sense he inherited his crimes as well. So never take other people’s stuff, whatever it is. No one can escape

新编大学英语Book4第三版课后答案

Unit 1 Vocabulary 1 entertaining / entertainment / entertained /entertainer recognizable / recognized / recognition tempting / temptation / tempt reasoned /reasoning / reasonable / reason analyzed / analytical /analyst /nanlysis valuable / valuation / valued values /value humorist / humor /humorous /humorist understandable /understanding /understand /misunderstand Tanslation 1) Lively behavior is normal_for a four-year-old child. （活泼的举止是正常的） 2) Fast cars appeal to John, but he can’t afford one. （速度快的车对······有吸引力） 3) Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse argument. （多种多样的论据） 4) I asked my boss for clarification, and she explained the project to me again. （我要求我的上司为我解释清楚） 5) Photographic film is very sensitive to light. （对光很敏感） 6) Mutual encouragement can be a great help, especially in the early days. （互相鼓励） 7) Jimmy cried when people made fun of him. （拿他开玩笑） 8) John won’t give up. He persists in his opinion. （坚持他的观点） 9) Ted always wants to be the focus/center of attention. （成为注意的焦点） 10) Is it cheaper if we buy our tickets in advance? （我们提前买票） Unit 2 Translation 1.However the main drawback with this type of search engine (这种搜素引擎的主要缺陷) is its tendency to include too much information. 2. She is very generous with her time（她从不吝惜自己的时间）--- always ready to help other people. 3. You may have known someone else for 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acquaintance （他们永远只是泛泛之交）. 4. He doubted that the car was hers （他怀疑这车不是她的）because everyone knew she had no money. 5. It’s impossible to forget such horrible events---they will remain in the memory forever （它们会永远留在记忆中）. 6. In a world too often filled with uncertainties （在这样一个常常充满各种不确定性的世界上）, it is nice to have a safety net, something you can rely on. 7. The earthquake happened a year ahead of the prediction by the research group （比该研究小组的预报提前了一年）, but earthquakes are usually difficult to predict. 8. I don’t mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn’t make a habit of it （只要她不养成习惯）. Unit 3 Vocabulary 1.

新编大学英语综合教程3课文翻译

Unit 1 Personality In-Class Reading 羞怯的痛苦 1 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。 3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感： 6 1．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 7 2．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 8 3．疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 9 4．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 10 5．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。

新编大学英语综合教程3第三版部分课后答案

新编大学英语综合教程3 第三版课后答案 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction: (para.1) Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para.2—3) People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence. People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. 3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para.4—15) i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. ii) Set reasonable goals. iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame. iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. v) Do not make negative comments about yourself. vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully. vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences. viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate. ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly. x) Practice being in social situations. 4) Conclusion: (para.16) The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F 3. Group Discussion 1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time. 2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success. The opposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness. Modest people don’t want to talk about their

新编大学英语3读写译课文翻译

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