增译法
增译法
一、根据意义上或修辞上的需要
（一）增加动词
In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final report.
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最终报告。
（二）增加形容词
With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building their motherland!
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设他们的祖国啊！
（三）增加副词
In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractors together.
在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。
The crowds melted away.
人群渐渐散开了。
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
He was fascinated by the political processes -- the wheeling and dealing of presidential politics, the manipulating, releasing and leaking of news, the public and private talks.
一幕幕政治花招真使他看入迷了：总统竞选活动中的勾心斗角，尔虞我诈；对新闻消息的幕后操纵、公开发表和有意透露，以及公开和秘密的谈话。
（四）增加名词
1、在不及物动词后面
To wash before meal
To wash after getting up
To wash before going to bed
Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.
玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。
Day after day he came to his work -- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天来干活――扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。
2、在形容词前面
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这部打字机真是价廉物美。
3、在名词后
After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the US to San Francisco.
一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。
He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。
（五）增加表示名词复数的词
1、增加重迭词
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.
记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。
There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.
一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。
2、增加数词或其他词
The lion is the king of animals.
狮子是百兽之王。
The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.
连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。
The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.
群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色长影。
（六）增加表
示时态的词
The old man said, "They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are”.
老头儿说：“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。”
I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.
我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。
（七）增加语气助词
Don't take it seriously. I'm just making fun of you.
不要认真嘛！我不过是开开玩笑罢了。
（八）增加量词
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon.
一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。
November 26: "Started trying to read a Russian story. Constant use of dictionary and many questions”.
十一月二十六日：“……开始试读一篇俄国短篇小说。词典不离手，问题一大堆。”
He gave her a sly look.
他狡猾地看了她一眼。
Once, they had a quarrel.
有一次，他们争吵了一番。
（九）增加反映背景情况的词
In April, there was the "ping" heard around the world. In July, the ping "ponged”.
四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回来。
（十）增加概括词
You and I
The Soviet Union, the United States, England and France
militarily, politically and economically
（十一）增加承上启下的词
Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion.
不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！
二、根据句法上的需要
1、增补原文省略的动词
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。
We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.
我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。
2、增补原文比较句中省略的部分
The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress.
仆人们愿意服侍她，就象他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。
Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
3、增补原文含蓄条件句中的省略成分
We didn’t admit it (escape) was impossible. To do so would have been to surrender one of our few hopes.
我们认为越狱不是不可能的。如果认为不可能，那就等于把我们仅存的一点希望也放弃了。
At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster.
肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功，就是闯大祸。
课堂练习
（1）What about calling him right away?
（2）If only I could see the realization o
f the four modernizations.
（3）Indeed, the reverse is true.
（4）就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
（5）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
（6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
（7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
（8）三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
（1）What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？ （增译主语和谓语）
（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）
（3） Indeed, the reverse is true.
实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）
（4） 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词）
（5）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词）
（6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）
（7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）
（8）三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语）
I’ve done all the thinking anyone could do about those knolls. And everybody else on the board has too.
要说这些土岗子，别人能够想得到的我全想过了。董事会里别的人也都想过了。
A big man with grizzled whiskers and gleaming shaven head on which a stray sunbeam was dancing.
他是个大个子，花白胡子，头剃得晶光瓦亮，偶然有一道阳光在他的头顶上摇晃着。
Sophia felt with a thrill of joy that what she was doing had real living roots, that she was not the only one who was thinking and worrying about the young trees. She started two study groups – in the collective farm and at the school.
莎菲乐得心头跳起来，（因为一来）她所干的是有真的活的事实做根据的，（二来）想念着关心小树的人不光是她一个。（后来)她组织了两个研究小组，（一个）在农庄里，（一个）在学校里。
He was smooth and agreeable.
他待人处事，八面玲珑。