英语泛读教程4__课文翻译
第一单元第一篇
"Good words cost nothing, but are worth much,"said Thomas Fuller,the 17th century British scholar.
“良言不费分文,但价值甚大,”托马斯说丰满,17th世纪英国学者。
They serve to give encouragement and smooth away differences and misunderstandings, as this article explains.
他们服役给予鼓励和克服差异和误解,因为这篇文章解释了。
"Maybe when I'm a hundred,I'll get used to having everything I do taken for granted,"a young homemaker confided to her neighbor.
“也许当我一百岁时,我就会习惯吃我做的一切视为理所当然,”一个年轻的家庭主妇被任命她的邻居。
"If Bill would compliment me once in a while, he'd make my life much happier."
“如果法案恭维我,偶尔也好,他会使我的生活更幸福。”
Few of us realize how much we need encouragement.
我们很少有人意识到我们是多么需要鼓励的。
Yet we must bask in the warmth of approval now and then or lose our self-confidence.
但是我们仍然必须沐浴在温暖的批准,否则现在失去自己的自信。
All of us need to feel needed and admired.
我们都需要去感觉需要和赞赏。
But unless we hear words of praise from someone else,how can we know that we are valued friends or co-workers?
但是如果我们听到别人的赞扬之词,我们怎样才能知道我们有价值的朋友或同事呢?
Anyone who wants to improve his relationships with others need only show a sympathetic understanding.
任何人想要提高自己的和其他人的关系之间只需要显示一个有同情心的理解。
The way to express this understanding and to give others the feeling of importance and worthiness boils down to this:always look for something in the other person you can admire and praise--and tell him about it.
这种理解的方式来表达,给别人的感觉,重要性和价值归结为:总是寻找一些其他的人,你可以欣赏和赞美——告诉他这件事。
We each have a mental picture of ourselves,a self-image.
我们每个人都有自己的脑海里,一个自我形象。
To find life reasonably satisfying,that self-image must be one we live with,one we can like.
去发现生活相当满足、自我形象必须是一个我们生活在一起的人,一个我们可以像。
When we are proud of our self-image,we feel confident and free to be ourselves.
当我们以我们的队伍为荣的自我形象,我们相信自由是我们自己。
We function at our best.
我们最好的一面。我们功能
When we are ashamed of our self-image,we attempt to hide it rather than express it.
当我们自觉惭愧我们自己,我们尝试把它藏起来,而不是把它表达出来。
We become hostile and hard to get along with.
我们变得敌意和很难相处。
A miracle happens to the person whose self-esteem has been raised.
会发生奇迹的人的自尊已经复活了。
He suddenly likes other people better.
他突然喜欢其他的人更好地。
He is kinder and more cooperative with those around him.
他是仁慈和更多的合作与他周围的那些人。
Praise is the polish that helps keep his self-esteem bright and sparkling.
赞美是波兰才使他的自尊心明亮晶莹剔透。
What has this to do with your giving praise?
这有什么用你的赞美?
A lot.You have the ability to perform that kind of miracle in another person.
一个lot.You有能力执行这样的奇迹在另一个人。
When you add to his self-esteem,you make him want to like you and to cooperate with you.
当你加入他的自尊,你让他想爱你,与你携手合作。
In a classic bit of advice,Lord Chesterfield suggested to his son that he fellow the example of the Duck de Nivernois:"You will perceive that he makes people pleased with him by making them first pleased with themselves."
在一个经典的一些建议,主切斯特了他的建议,他的儿子为例Nivernois鸭德:“你会认识到他使人满意他通过使他们第一次满意自己。”
The effects of praise can be great indeed.
赞美的影响可以确定无疑。
A new minister called to a church jokingly referred to as "the refrigerator",decided against criticizing his congregation for its coolness toward strangers.
一个新部长被召到教堂开玩笑地称为“冰箱”,决定不指责他的会众面前它对于陌生人冷淡。
Instead,he beban welcoming visitors from the pulpit and telling his flock how friendly they were.
相反,他beban接待来访者从讲坛,告诉自己的羊群怎样友好他们。
Time after time he held up a picture of the church as he wanted it to be,giving his people a reputation to live up to.
一次又一次地让他举起了一幅巨大的教堂,因为他想做的,让他百姓的名声,使其与之相配。
The congregation thawed.
会众解冻。
"Praise transformed the ice-cube members into warmhearted human beings,"he said.
“赞扬改变了颗冰块或成员带入人类温情的,”他说。
Sincerity is essential in giving praise.
真诚的赞美是十分必要的。
It lends potency to a compliment.
它把一个恭维。效力
Coming home after a hard day's work ,the man who sees the faces of his children pressed against the window,watching for him,can water his soul with their silent but golden opinion.
回家后,一天的辛苦工作的人,看到他的孩子们的脸紧贴着窗外,看着他,他们自己的灵魂能水无声但黄金的意见。
Praise helps rub off the sharp edges of daily contact.
赞美有助于掉色刀边上的日常联系。
Nowhere is this truer than in marriage.
没有哪个国家比在婚姻。
Yet it is perhaps in the home that the value of praise is less appreciated than elsewhere.
然而,这也许是在家里的价值比其他地方更少感谢赞美。
The spouse who is alert to say the heartening thing at the right moment has learned one of the most important requirements for a happy family life.
配偶谁是提醒说令人振奋的事情正好学会最重要的条件之一,一个幸福的家庭生活。
Children ,especially,are hungry for praise,reassurance and appreciation.
儿童,特别是,都渴望赞美,安全感和欣赏。
A young mother told her pastor of a heartrending incident:
一位年轻的母亲告诉她的牧师令人伤感的事:
"My little boy often misbehaves,and I have to scold him.
“我的小男孩常常言语,我不得不骂他。
But one day he has been especially good.
但是有一天,他一直特别好。
That night,after I trucked him in bed and started downstairs,I heard him crying.
那天晚上,我躺在床上,开始交换他下楼时,我听到他在哭。
I found his head buried in the pillow.
我发现他的头埋在枕头里。
Between sobs he asked,'Mommy,haven't I been a pretty boy today?'"
他啜泣之间问道:“妈妈,我还没成为一个漂亮的男孩,今天好吗?”
"That question went through me like a knife,"the mother said.
“这个问题经过我像刀子一样,”妈妈说。
"I had been quick to correct him when he did wrong,but when he had behaved,I hadn't noticed.
“我已很快纠正他当他做错了,可是当他的表现之后,我没注意到。
I had put him to bed without a word of praise."
我已经把他放到床没有一句赞扬。”
T ake the trouble to find something to commend in your child,and you will discover that both his ability and attitude will improve.
不嫌麻烦来找点东西来表彰在你的孩子,你会发现他个人的能力和态度会提高。
Encouragement though praise is the most effective method of getting people to do their best.
鼓励虽然赞美是最有效的方法让人们尽了自己最大的努力。
As artists find joy in giving beauty to others,so anyone who masters the art of praising will find that it blesses the giver as much as the receiver.
作为艺术家找到快乐美丽给别人,所以谁掌握了艺术的赞扬会发现它不但赐福施予者一样多接收器。
There is truth in the say ing,"Flowers leave part of their fragrance in the hand that bestows them."
真理是存在的﹐在说:“花离开他们的部分香味赋予他们的手。”
第一单元第三篇
I never learned hate at home, or shame.
我从未听说过恨在家里或羞耻。
I had to go to school for that.
我不得不去上学的。
I was about seven years old when I got my first big lesson.
我大约七岁的时候,我得到了我的第一个重要的一课。
I was in love with a little girl named Helene Tucker, a light-complexioned little girl with pigtails and nice manners.
我爱上了一个小女孩名叫海伦塔克,一个小女孩light-complexioned辫子又好的礼貌。
She was always clean and she was smart in school.
她总是干净,她在学校是聪明的。
I think I went to school then mostly to look at her.
我想我去学校然后主要是看她。
I brushed my hair and even got me a little old handkerchief.
我拂去我的头发,甚至让我有点陈旧的手帕。
It was a lady's handkerchief, but I didn't want Helene to see me wipe my nose on my hand.
这是一个女士的手帕,但我不想让海伦看我擦擦鼻子在我的手上。
The pipes were frozen again, there was no water in the house, but I washed my socks and shirt every night.
管子再次被冻结了,没有水在那栋房子,但我洗了我的袜子和衬衣的每一个晚上。
I'd get a pot, and go over to Mister Ben's grocery store, and stick my pot down into his soda machine and scoop out some chopped ice.
我会得到一个锅,去先生本的杂货店,并把我的锅下入自己的汽水机,挖出一些切碎的冰。
By evening the ice melted to water for washing.
至傍晚,冰融化的水清洗。
I got sick a lot that winter because the fire would go out at night before the clothes were dry.
我生病了很多冬季,因为火会在晚上出门之前,衣服就干。
In the morning I'd put them on, wet or dry, because they were the only clothes I had.
在清晨,我把它们放在,干、湿,因为他们是唯一的衣服。
Everybody's got a Helene Tucker, a symbol of everything you want.
每个人都有一个海伦塔克,象征着一切你想要的。
I loved her for her goodness, her cleanness, her popularity.
我爱她,因为她善良,她的清洁,她的声望。
She'd walk down my street and my brothers and sisters would yell, "Here comes Helene," and I'd rub my tennis sneakers on the back of my pants and wish my hair wasn't so nappy and the white folks' shirt fit me better.
她将沿着我的街道和我的兄弟姐妹会大喊,"海伦来了,而且我擦我的网球运动鞋在我背后的裤子,希望我的头发不是如此的尿和白色衬衫适合我家人的更好。
I'd run out on the street.
我在街上跑出去。
If I knew my place and didn't come too close, she'd wink at me and say hello.
如果我知道我的地方,没有走得太近,她会对我眨眼和她打个招呼。
That was a good feeling.
那是一段美好的时光。
Sometimes I'd follow her all the way home, and shovel the snow off her walk and try to make friends with her momma and her aunts.
有时候我会一路跟着她的家,铲雪掉她走了,试着和她结交朋友的妈妈和她的阿姨。
I'd drop money on her stoop late at night on my way back from shining shoes in the taverns.
我就把你的钱在她堕落深夜在回来的路上的光芒鞋子的酒馆。
And she had a daddy, and he had a good job.
39她有一个爸爸,他有一个好工作。
He was a paper hanger
他是一个纸衣架
I guess I would have gotten over Helene by summertime, but something happened in that classroom that made her face hang in front of me for the next twenty-two years.
我想我会了海伦的夏季,但一些发生在那个教室,让她的脸挂在我的前面为下一年二十二岁。
When I played the drums in high school, it was for Helene, and when I broke track records in college, it was for Helene, and when I started standing behind microphones and heard applause, I wished Helene could hear it too.
当我踢鼓在高中的时候,那是海伦,当我打破了在大学里的记录,那是海伦,当我开始站在后面麦克风和听到掌声,我希望海伦都可以听到它太。
It wasn't until I was twenty-nine years old and married and making money that I finally got her out of my system.
直到我二十九岁,结婚,赚钱,我终于得到了从我的系统。
It was on a Thursday.
它是在一个星期四。
I was sitting in the back of the room, in a seat with a chalk circle drawn around it.
我正坐在房间的后面,在一个座位与粉笔圈画它。
The idiot's seat, the troublemaker's seat.
这个白痴的座椅,座椅的麻烦制造者。
The teacher thought I was stupid.
老师以为我是愚蠢的。
Couldn't spell, couldn't read, couldn't do arithmetic.
不能法术,不识字,不能做算术。
Just stupid.
只是愚蠢。
Teachers were never interested in finding out that you couldn't concentrate because you were so hungry, because you hadn't had any breakfast.
老师们从不感兴趣发现你不能集中精力,因为你太饿了,因为你没有吃过早餐了。
All you could think about was noontime; would it ever come?
所有你能想到的是正午,它会不断来临?
Maybe you could sneak into the cloakroom and steal a bite of some kid's lunch out of a coat pocket.
也许你可以溜进衣帽间,去偷吃一些孩子的午餐的外套的口袋里。
A bite of something.
咬东西。
Paste.
粘贴。
You can't really make a meal of paste, or put it on bread for a sandwich, but sometimes I'd scoop a few spoonfuls out of the big paste jar in the back of the room.
你不能真的让一顿饭的粘贴,或将它放入面包吃三明治,但有时我想挖几勺子从大酱罐在屋子的后面。
Pregnant people get strange tastes.
怀孕的人得到古怪的味道。
I was pregnant with poverty.
我怀孕的时候和贫穷。
Pregnant with dirt and pregnant with smells that made people turn away.
怀着污垢和怀孕的气味使人离开。
Pregnant with cold and pregnant with shoes that were never bought for me.
孕妇怀孕期间又冷,鞋子,从来没有给我买的。
Pregnant with five other people in my bed and no daddy in the next room, and pregnant with hunger.
怀着五人在我的床上,没有爸爸在隔壁的屋里,和怀孕的饥饿。
Paste doesn't taste too bad when you're hungry.
粘贴尝起来没有味道太糟了,当你饿了。
The teacher thought I was a troublemaker.
老师认为我是一个捣乱者。
All she saw from the front of the room was a little black boy who squirmed in his idiot's seat and made noises and poked the kids around him.
她看见前面的房间是一个黑人小男孩在他的白痴的肚子发出声音的座位,他周围跑来跑孩子们。
I guess she couldn't see a kid who made noises because he wanted someone to know he was there.
我猜她看不到一个孩子发出声音,因为他希望有人知道耶稣在那里。
It was on a Thursday, the day before the Negro payday.
它是在一个星期四,前一天黑人发薪日。
The eagle always flew on Friday.
老鹰总是飞星期五。
The teacher was asking each student how much his father would give to the Community Chest.
老师要求每个学生多少他父亲给的公益金。
On Friday night, each kid would get the money from his father, and on Monday he would bring it to the school.
星期五晚上,每个孩子将得到的钱和自己的父亲,星期一,他会把它带到学校。
I decided I was going to buy a daddy right then.
我决定我本来要买一个爸爸就在那时。
I had money in my pocket from shining shoes and selling papers, and whatever Helene Tucker pledged for her daddy I was going to top it.
我在我的口袋里有钱的光芒鞋和卖报纸,不管海伦塔克宣称对她的爸爸我要上它。
And I'd hand the money right in. I wasn't going to wait until Monday to buy me a daddy.
和我的手在金钱权利。我不想等到星期一给我买一个爸爸。
"My Daddy said he'd give two dollars and fifty cents.
“我爸爸说他会给两美元五十美分。
" "That's very nice, Helene.
“那很好,海伦。
Very, very nice indeed.非常,非常好的确。”
That made me feel pretty good.
这让我感觉不错。
It wouldn't take too much to top that.
这不会花太多的上面。
I had almost three dollars in dimes and quarters in my pocket.
我几乎已经3美元1角和2角5分硬币放到我的口袋里。
I stuck my hand in my pocket and held on to the money, waiting for her to call my name.
我把我的手放在我的口袋,把住了钱,等待她叫我的名字。
But the teacher closed her book after she called everybody else in the class.
但是老师闭上她的书在她叫班上其他人。
I stood up and raised my hand.
我站起来,举起手。
"What is it now?
“又有什么事?
" "You forgot me?
“你忘记我了吗?
" She turned toward the blackboard.
”她转身朝黑板。
"I don't have time to be playing with you, Richard."
“我没有时间跟你玩,理查德。”
"My daddy said he'd...
“我的爸爸说他会…
" "Sit down, Richard, you're disturbing the class.
“坐下,理查德,你打扰类。
" "My daddy said he'd give...
“我爸爸说他想给…
fifteen dollars."
15美元。”
She turned around and looked mad.
她转过身来,看疯了。
"We are collecting this money for you and your kind, Richard Gregory.
“我们正在收集这钱给你和你的善良,理查德·格雷戈里。
If your daddy can give fifteen dollars you have no business being on relief."
如果你的爸爸能给15美元你就用不着被救援。”
"I got it right now, I got it right now, my Daddy gave it to me to turn in today, my daddy said. .."
“我现在得到了,我知道了现在,我的爸爸给我转向,今天我爸爸说。。”
"And furthermore," she said, looking right at me, her nostrils getting big 2 and her lips getting thin and her eyes opening wide, "We know you don't have a daddy."
“而且,”她说,正在盯着我,她的鼻孔里得到大2和她的嘴唇变薄和她的眼睛睁得:“我们知道你没有爸爸。”
Helene Tucker turned around, her eyes full of tears.
海伦塔克转过身来,她的双眼充满泪水。
She felt sorry for me.
她对我表示遗憾。
Then I couldn't see her too well because I was crying, too.
然后我再也看不见她太好,因为我哭了,太。
"Sit down, Richard.
“坐下,Richard。
" And I always thought the teacher kind of liked me.
“我一直以为老师种喜欢我。
She always picked me to wash the blackboard on Friday, after school.
她总是把我抱到清洗黑板星期五放学后。
That was a big thrill; it made me feel important.
那是一个很大的兴奋;它使我觉得自己很重要。
If I didn't wash it, come Monday the school might not function right.
如果我不洗的话,下周的学校可能不会正确的功能。
"Where are you going, Richard!
“你要去哪儿,Richard !
I walked out of school that day, and for a long time I didn't go back very often.
我走出学校的那一天,还有很长一段时间里我经常没回头。
There was shame there.
那里有羞耻。
Now there was shame everywhere.
现在到处都有羞耻。
It seemed like the whole world had been inside that classroom, everyone had heard what the teacher had said, everyone had turned around and felt sorry for me.
似乎整个世界都是那个教室里,每个人都听到老师讲了些什么,每个人都转过身来,对我表示遗憾。
There was shame in going to the Worthy Boys Annual Christmas Dinner for you and your kind, because everybody knew what a worthy boy was.
有羞耻的男孩去值得一年一度的圣诞晚餐为你和你的善良,因为每个人都知道一个有价值的男孩。
Why couldn't they just call it the Boys Annual Dinner-why'd they have to give it a name?
为什么不可以就叫它是男孩子们年度Dinner-why要他们给它一个名字吗?
There was shame in wearing the brown and orange and white plaid mackinaw' the welfare gave to three thousand boys.
有羞耻的穿棕色、橘色和白色的格子mackinaw的福利给三千个男孩。
Why'd it have to be the same for everybody so when you walked down the street the people could see you were on relief?为什么要对谁都一样,所以当你走在街上人们可以看到你在解脱吗?
It was a nice warm mackinaw and it had a hood, and my momma beat me and called me a little rat when she found out I stuffed it in the bottom of a pail full of garbage way over on Cottage Street.
这是一个温暖mackinaw也有一个发动机罩和妈妈战胜了我,叫我有一只小老鼠当她发现我塞进一桶底部充满垃圾在街道上的小屋。
There was shame in running over to Mister Ben's at the end of the day and asking for his rotten peaches, there was shame in asking Mrs. Simmons for a spoonful of sugar, there was shame in running out to meet the relief truck.
有羞耻的跑到本先生在一天结束的时候要求他腐烂的桃子,有羞耻的问夫人西蒙斯为一勺糖,有羞耻的跑出来迎接救援卡车。
I hated that truck, full of food for you and your kind.
我讨厌那卡车,充满了食物给你和你的善良。
I ran into the house and hid when it came.
我冲进房子,藏的时候问题就来了。
And then I started to sneak through alleys, to take the long way home so the people going into White's Eat Shop wouldn't see me.
然后我开始潜行于大街小巷,以长回家的路上,所以人们会吃成白色的商店不会看见我。
Yeah, the whole world heard the teacher that day,we all know you don't have a Daddy.
是的,整个世界听到老师那天,我们都知道你没有爸爸。
第四课
ne cold afternoon in 1937 a football game was taking place.
一个寒冷的下午的足球比赛是在1937年发生。
The players were students at Harvard University, near Boston, in the United States of America.
这些球员是哈佛大学的学生,在波士顿附近,在美利坚合众国。
American football is a rough game in which it is easy to get hurt.
美式足球是一个粗糙的游戏,很容易受伤。
The players are usually strong, solid young men.
球员们通常是强大的,坚实的年轻人。
But on this occasion one player was tall and thin.
但在这场合一名球员是长得又高又瘦。
He wasn't really heavy enough for football.
他没有足够的足球非常拥挤。
But he was keen to succeed in spite of that.
但他是敏锐的,而是,尽管成功。
He loved outdoor games and played most of them well.
他喜欢户外运动和出场大部分得很好。
Whatever he did he did with all his heart.
他无论做什么都是尽心去。
He was John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
他是约翰。肯尼迪。
Twenty-three years later he would become President of the United States.
23年后,他将成为美国的总统。
As the excitement of the game increased everyone rushed for the ball at once.
像激动的游戏模式增加了每个人匆忙球在一次。
They landed on top of one another on the hard, frosty ground.
他们降落在彼此的顶部在坚硬的、冷冰冰地。
John Kennedy was underneath.
约翰·肯尼迪下面。
As the other men picked themselves up, ready to continue the game, he lay still.
当其他的男人挑选自己站起来,准备继续比赛,他一动不动的躺着。
At first it was difficult to move.
最初它是难以移动。
He felt as if he had twisted something in his back.
他觉得如果他揪住了他背后的东西。
His arms and legs didn't seem to work.
他的胳膊和腿似乎不工作。
Slowly he rose to his feet.
他慢慢地站了起来。
Sharp pains shot up his back as he stood upright.
锋利的感到剧痛他回来直立行走。
But he refused to have help as he walked off the field.
但他拒绝有帮助,他离开了现场。
That day he hurt his back so badly that it gave trouble the rest of his life.
那天,他伤害他的背得如此厉害,以致它给麻烦他余下的生命。
But few people, either then or later, knew how often this busy and attractive man was in pain.但是很少人无论在玩牌的时候,还是以后,知道这常常忙和有吸引力的人是痛苦的。
It wasn't in his character to give up.
这不是他的性格中放弃。
John Kennedy was born, as the saying goes, with a "silver spoon in his ninth".
约翰肯尼迪出生,就像一句老话说的那样,“银勺在他九岁”。
His father, Joseph Kennedy, was a wealthy banker.
他的父亲约瑟夫·肯尼迪,是一个富有的银行家。
His mother, Rose, was the daughter of a well-known Boston politician.
他的母亲,玫瑰,是一个著名的波士顿的女儿的政治家。
She had been educated in France.
她在法国受过教育。
Joseph Kennedy had enough money to give each of his nine children a million dollars as they reached the age of twenty-one.
约瑟夫·肯尼迪有足够的钱给他的每个一百万元九个孩子的母亲,他们到达了21岁。
John didn't really have to struggle very hard.
约翰真的没有很努力奋斗。
He didn't have to work for his liv ing.
他不需要工作,他的生活。
But his parents brought their children up to lead useful lives no matter what riches were coming to them.
但是他的父母带孩子来领导使用寿命不管什么财富都要他们。
They taught them to struggle as hard as they could for whatever they believed in and not to be afraid of competition.他们教人们如何挣扎硬得像他们能无论他们相信并且不要害怕竞争。
They taught them to face life with courage, without complaining.
他们教人们如何面对生活的勇气,没有抱怨。
This was lucky.
这是幸运的。
For, although John had the best doctors that money could provide, he never had the gift of perfect health or of freedom from pain.
因为,尽管约翰的钱可以提供最好的医生,他从来没有完美的健康的礼物或疼痛的缓解。
The Kennedys were a lively family who quarrelled and fought among themselves, as most children do.
肯尼迪家族是一个活泼的家人彼此争吵和斗争,因为大多数的孩子才会做的事。
But they were very loyal to one another.
但他们彼此非常忠诚。
They came from an Irish family and belonged to the Catholic Church.
他们来自一个爱尔兰人家庭和属于天主教堂。
Their religion was important to them and they learned as children to defend their faith.
他们的宗教对于他们来说很重要,他们学会了儿童保护他们的信心。
For the United States is a strongly Protestant country.
美国是一个强烈的新教的国家。
The Kennedy parents were ambitious for their children.
肯尼迪的父母对子女的。
Nothing seemed impossible.
什么似乎是不可能的。
Their grandfathers had arrived in America penniless and uneducated and had made their fortunes.
他们的祖父辈已经抵达美国时身无分文,教育,使他们的财富。
They themselves had worked hard to give their children a good chance in life.
他们自己的努力给他们的孩子在生活中一个很好的机会。
Who knew what John and his brothers and sisters might do?
谁知道约翰和他的兄弟姐妹可能会做什么?
The children looked to their oldest brother Joe to lead the way.
孩子们向他们的古老的哥哥乔带路。
Like many American children he hoped to be president one day.
像许多美国儿童,他希望有一天成为总统。
He was gay and quick-tempered, a fine student and confident leader.
他是同性恋的,性情急躁,好学生和自信的领导人。
He studied to be a lawyer and seemed certain to be a politician like both his grandfathers.
他研究是一个律师,似乎肯定是他祖父的政治家都喜欢。
John was quieter.
约翰是安静的。
He liked books and study although he didn't get top marks at school like his brother.
他喜欢书籍和研究虽然他没有得到前在学校的成绩,像他哥哥。
He seemed likely to become a teacher or writer.
他似乎很可能成为一个老师或作家。
As the boys grew up they travelled to foreign countries.
当孩子长大成人之后就到国外旅行。
John spent a summer in England when he was eighteen.
约翰花了一个暑假在英国当他十八岁。
When he was twenty he travelled through Europe with a friend.
当他二十岁时他和一个朋友穿越欧洲。
It was then 1937.
就在1937年。
Europe was moving towards the Second World War. Most Americans weren't much interested in what was happening outside the United States.
欧洲走向第二次世界大战。大多数美国人不感兴趣外面发生了什么美国。
But when John returned to Harvard he began to take a more serious interest in history and government.
但当约翰回到哈佛他开始接受一个更严重的兴趣在历史上以及政府。
He still spent a lot of time out of doors, swimming and sailing.
他还花了很多时间在户外,游泳和航行。
Instead they went towards another island several miles away.
相反,他们走向数英里外的另一个海岛。
They swam, or floated on a log, to the shore.
他们游,或者一个日志上漂来漂去,到岸边。
One of his companions was wounded so John, who was a very good swimmer, pulled him along by a rope which he held in his teeth until they reached the island.
他的一个同伴受伤所以约翰,他是一个很好的游泳者,把他同用一根绳子,他控制住自己的牙齿,直到他们到达岛上。
That night, tired as he was after nearly twelve hours in the water, he swam out again to look for help.
那天晚上,他几乎累后12小时在水里,他又游了寻找帮助。
For a week he continued to make one attempt after another to fetch help for his eleven men.
一个星期以来,他继续做一个接一个的尝试去拿帮助他的十一个人。
They had no food or water.
他们没有食物或水。
At last he discovered a native of the islands who proved to be friendly to the Americans.
最后他发现了一个证明了岛上的土著美国人要友善。
He took a message which brought an American boat to rescue them.
他把一个信息带来的美国船去救他们。
By this time they were so weak and sick they couldn't have stayed alive much longer.
这时候他们是如此的虚弱和生病的他们不能一直活得更长一些。
John's courage at this time brought him honour.
约翰的勇气,在这个时间使他尊贵。
But he had sacrificed his own strength.
但他牺牲了自己的力量。
He was ill for more than a year after his rescue and was forced, at last, to retire from duty in the Navy.
他病了一年多之后,被迫救他,最后,从海军退役的职责。
The war was almost over but it was a sad time for John.
战争快结束了,但这是一个悲伤的时间为约翰。
He learned that both his brother and his brother-in-law (his sister's husband) had been killed.
他知道他的兄弟和他的两个姐夫(他姐姐的丈夫)被杀死。
John had to consider what he would do next.
约翰不得不考虑他下一步干什么。
He went as a newspaper reporter to the San Francisco meeting that began the United Nations organisation.
他作为一名报社记者去到旧金山会议开始,联合国组织。
It was a very important world event.
这是一个很重要的世界事件。
When he got back to Boston, his father mentioned that a congressman from their state of Massachusetts was giving up his post.
当他回到波士顿,他的父亲提到一个国会议员从马萨诸塞州的放弃了他的职务。
"Why don't you stand for election to Congress, John?
“你为什么不参加竞选国会吗,约翰?
" he added.
“他补充说。
John thought it over and decided to try.
约翰考虑清楚了,决定试一试。
It seemed impossible that he would be elected.
它似乎是不可能的,他会当选。
He was too young, rich and inexperienced to have a serious chance of winning.
他太年轻的,富裕的和没有经验的有严重的获胜的机会。
And there were nine other candidates, a lot of competition.
和其他候选人有9个,很多比赛。
Although he was tall and manly, with thoughtful eyes and a friendly smile, he was thin and pale and looked delicate.
尽管他身材高大,有男子气概,一流的眼睛和一个友好的微笑,他消瘦而苍白,看起来精致。
But there were several things in his favour.
但有几件事对他有利。
One was his courage.
是他的勇气。
Another was his honesty.
另一个是他的诚实。
Massachusetts had had its share of dishonest politicians.
麻萨诸塞州有其股票不诚实的政客。
The Kennedy money helped to make him known to a wide public.
肯尼迪的钱帮助让他知道的广泛关注。
The large Kennedy family united to make speeches and public appearances for him and helped to win a lot of votes.
肯尼迪家族的大曼联为他的演讲和公开露面,也有助于赢得很多选票。
Most of all, John himself was determined to succeed, as he always was, and nothing could stop him.
最重要的是,约翰自己下定决心要成功,因为他总是是,没有什么可以阻止他。
He worked terribly hard and got little sleep.
他工作非常努力,有少的睡眠。
He went into homes, shops, factories, hotels, wherever he might meet people and shake their hands.
他走进房屋、商店、工厂、酒店、无论他可能会遇到一些人,摇动他们的手。
He promised to work for better conditions for the poor — better pay, houses and medical care.
他答应工作为穷人提供更好的条件——更好的待遇、房屋和医疗保健的水平。
He didn't consider himself a rich man's son.
他不认为自己是一个富人的儿子。
He showed that he was ready to help the people who couldn't help themselves.
他表明他很乐意帮这不能帮助自己的人。
He was easily elected and was sent to Washington as a United States Congressman.
选举,他还是很容易被派往华盛顿为美国国会议员。
From then on John Kennedy, with his serious manner and easy charm, became the golden boy of American politics.
从那时起,约翰·肯尼迪,他的严肃态度和容易的魅力,变成了金色的男孩的美国政治。
He couldn't lose.
他不能失去。
After six years as Congressman he returned to Washington in the more important job of Senator from Massachusetts. 6年之后他回到了华盛顿,国会议员在更重要的工作从麻萨诸塞州的参议员。
Then in 1960 he was elected President of the richest and most powerful nation in the world.
后来在1960年,他当选总统的最富有的和世界上最强大的国家。
At forty-three he was the youngest president there had ever been, and the first one who was a Catholic.
在四十三岁的他是最年轻的总统有过,第一位是天主教徒。
The Kennedys, young, gifted and attractive, were like a royal family.
肯尼迪家族,年轻、有才华、有吸引力,像一个皇室家庭。
And John's lovely wife Jacqueline was the perfect young queen.
当下、约翰的可爱的妻子杰奎琳是完美的年轻的皇后。
The Kennedys still stuck together.
肯尼迪家族还粘在一起。
John's brother Robert, aged thirty-five, now became his most trusted adviser and the country's Attorney General.
约翰的兄弟罗伯特,年龄35岁了,现在成了他最信任的顾问和国家的司法部长。
Three years later President Kennedy was dead.
三年后,肯尼迪总统死了。
He was shot by an assassin as he rode with his wife in an open car through the streets of Dallas, Texas.
他被一个刺客,他骑他的妻子一个开着车穿过街道的德克萨斯州的达拉斯。
What made him, in that short time as president, such a bright spot on the American political scene?
是什么使得他,在如此短的时间作为总统,这样一个明亮的光点在美国政治场面?
Why is he better known than presidents who lived longer and did much more?
他为什么比总统更出名的寿命长和表现得更多?
What did the name John Kennedy stand for?
约翰·肯尼迪什么名字代表什么?
Perhaps the answer is to be found in
也许答案是可以发现在
With his brother, the Attorney General, he tried to make sure that the laws of his country gave black people an equal chance with white people.
与他的哥哥,司法部长,他试图确保法律对他的国家给黑人与白人平等的机会。
It was time, he said, to make it "clear to all that race has no place in American life or law".
这是时间,他说,让它“明确一切种族没有发生在美国生活或法律”。
He tried, without success, to obtain better medical care for old people.
他试过了,没有成功,为了获得更好的医疗照顾老人。
He wanted to improve education.
他想改善教育。
History has already begun to show that Kennedy, as President of the United States, made serious mistakes.
历史已经开始显示肯尼迪,作为美国总统,严重的错误。
It was in the name of freedom that he led his country deeper into its cruel, hopeless war in Vietnam.
这是在自由之名,他带领他的国家的深入研究,其残酷的,是没有希望的越南战争。
It was Kennedy, the man, who put his stamp on the world of the early 1960s.
这是肯尼迪,这个人,他把他的邮票贴在1960年代早期的世界。
Instead of the tired old men who led most of the nations, a new star had risen.
而不是疲倦的老人带领大多数的国家,一个新的明星已上升。
A bright, gifted and brave young man, who could do most things well, chose the rough life of politics because he wanted a better world for everyone.
一个明亮的、有才华、勇敢的年轻人,他能做很多事情做好,选择了政治的简陋的生活因为他想要一个美好的世界。从而让每个人。
He made men — and particularly Americans — think better of themselves because he was one of them.
他使人——特别是美国人——认为更好的自己,因为他是其中之一。
He greatly admired the kind of courage that makes men stand alone for the things they believe are rig ht.
他非常钦佩什么样的勇气使人独自站在一边的东西他们认为是正确的。
Once, when he was recovering from illness, he wrote a book about people who were examples of that kind of courage.
有一次,当他从伤病中恢复生病,他写了一本关于人的例子的那种勇气。
He was an example of it himself.
他是一个例子,它自己。
1. But few people, either then or later, know how often this busy and attractive man was in pain. It
wasn't in his character to give up. (L.14-L.16)
但是，不论在当时还是以后的日子里，很少有人知道，这位政务繁忙、富于魅力的人有多少时候是
病魔缠身的。他的性格中没有屈服二字。
2. But his parents brought their children up to lead useful lives no matter what riches were coming
to them. (L.22-L.23)
他的父母从小教育子女，不论将来会拥有什么样的财富，都要过一种有意义的生活。
3. For, although John had the best doctors that money could provide, he never had the gift of perfect
health or of freedom from pain. (L.25-l.26)
因为，约翰虽然请得起最好的医生，但他却从未拥有过天赐的健康体魄，也从未能免受病痛的困
扰。
4. Massachusetts had had its share of dishonest politicians. (L.87)
不诚实的政客在马萨诸塞州已经够多的了。
5. From then on John Kennedy, with his serious manner and easy charm, became the golden boy
of American politics. (L.97-L.98)
从那时起，由于他那端庄而又潇洒的风度，约翰·肯尼迪成了美国政治的宠儿。
6. What made him, in that short time as president, such a bright spot on the American political
scene? (L.107-L.108)
是什么使他在短暂的总统任期内在美国政治舞台上如此光彩照人？
Part IV. Key to T or F and MC questions
F T F T T F T T
D D C C C D
第七课
The Word hero can be confusing, for it has several meanings.
这个词的英雄会混淆,因为它,有好几个意义。
It is often applied to ordinary people who happen to perform an act of great courage- a fireman who saves someone from the principal character of a day ,a novel, or a film is known as the hero of the story, even if he is not particularly brave.
它常用于普通百姓发生在执行一项行动的极大的勇气——一个消防员扑救的人一天的主要角色,小说或电影被称为英雄的故事,即使他并不特别勇敢。
But the heroes and heroines that we are going to consider now constitute a third group.
但英雄辈出,我们也会考虑现在构成第三集团。
They are the giants, the out-of-the-ordinary figures whose superiority fills our hearts with admiration and awe; the men and women who give us a high example to follow, a purpose in life, or sometimes just a dream, because they represent the person that we would like to be.
他们是巨人,其优越性out-of-the-ordinary数据填补了我们的心的赞叹和敬畏,男人和女人给我们一个高的例子去追随,有个生活目标,或者有时仅仅是一个梦,因为他们代表了人,我们愿意。
Humanity has always had such heroes.
人类总是有这样的英雄。
Some have been the saviors or the builders of their country, like George Washington, who gave generations of Americans their model of determination, selflessness, and honor.
有些已经建造的救助者或他们的国家,像乔治华盛顿,谁给一代又一代的美国人他们的模型的决心,无私和荣誉。
Others have been religious leaders or gorgeous women; conquerors, athletes, or pioneers; characters in novels or revolutionaries; saints, sinners, likable robbers, or movie stars.
有些宗教领袖或漂亮女人;征服者自居,运动员,或先驱;小说人物或革命者,圣徒,罪人,可爱的强盗,或电影明星。
Whatever they, they were all stars-shining, glorious, showing the way to their followers below.
不管他们,他们都stars-shining,荣耀,显示方式下对他们的追随者。
The desire to be worthy of them could bring out the best in their admirers.
渴望值得他们能将最好的一面呈现他们的崇拜者。
Many articles have appeared in recent years, claiming that there are no more heroes in the Western world.
近年发表的许多文章,声称没有更多的英雄在西方世界。
The authors says that, particularly in Europe and North America, the young now refuse to admire anyone; that we are liv ing in a world too well informed, too curious showing us the faults of the public figures who co uld become today’s stars, until we lose faith and start looking for defects in any person who seems worthy of respect.
作者说,特别是在欧洲和北美,现代的年轻人拒绝崇拜任何人,我们生活在一个世界太灵通,太好奇展示给我们的过失公众人物谁能成为今天的明星,直到我们失去信心,开始寻找缺陷的人似乎值得尊敬的。
In a neighbor or a statesman, we try to discover the weaknesses, failures, or ugly motives that are surely hiding behind his noblest action.
在一个邻居或一个政治家,我们试着发现我们的弱点,失败,或丑陋的动机,无疑是隐藏他的高尚的行为。
Is it true that we know too much?
这是真的,我们知道得太多了?
Were our ancestors lucky to be only partly informed?
我们的祖先是幸运的是只是部分通知吗?
Those who read the first biographies of Charlemagne, George Washington, Joan of Arc, or other great men and women of the past were not told that their hero had bad breath or disliked his mother; they only found a description of his great accomplishments and their admiration was strengthened.
那些读第一查理曼的传记,乔治华盛顿,圣女贞德、或其他伟大的男性和女性的过去并没有被告知他们心目中的英雄也有异味或不喜欢他的母亲,他们只找到一个描述他的伟大成就和仰慕得到加强。
In fact, early biographers didn’t hesitate to make up an admirable story or two about their hero.
事实上,早期的传记作者毫不犹豫地组成了一个极佳的两个故事关于他们的英雄。
The man who wrote the first biography of Washington, for instance, invented the cherry tree; he admitted later that there was no truth in it, but he said that it was in character and that it would give young men a god example to follow.
人写第一本传记的华盛顿,例如,发明了一棵樱桃树下,他承认后,无真相,但他说那是在性格上,它将会给年轻人的神的例子来跟随。
His readers didn’t seem to object; the book was reprinted eighty times-a tremendous success in those days.
他的读者似乎不对象;书再版八十times-a极大的成功,那些日子。
Modern biographers do not invent such stories; they respect the facts, as indeed they should.
现代传记作者不发明这样的故事,他们尊重事实,正如他们确实应该。
But we pay a price for their truthfulness, for in their efforts to show “the whole person,” they tell us more than we really need to know about private lives, family secrets, and human weakness.
但我们支付的价格为其真实性,因为他们在努力显示“完整的人”,他们告诉我们,比我们真的需要知道关于私人生活、家庭秘密,人类的弱点。
The true greatness of a fine man is often forgotten in the display; and people lose not only their admiration for him, but their willingness to trust any other ”star” completely.
真正的伟大的一个好的人,常常被人们忘记在显示;人们失去的不只是仰慕他,但他们愿意相信任何其他“明星”完全。
The shows clearly in the remarks of a group of high-school students near Los Angeles, who were asked whom they admired.
在备注中可以清楚地看到了一群高中生,在家开轰趴洛杉矶附近,那些被要求他们所欣赏。
“Nobody,” said a young man , “because the objects of our early admiration have been destroyed.
“没有,”一个年轻人说:“因为我们早期的对象被毁。钦佩
People we wanted to believe in have been described to us with all their faults and imperfections; that makes it hard to trust the ‘historical’ heroes.
我们想要相信了我们所有的缺点和缺陷,使得很难信任的历史的英雄。
” Another students, a girl, added, “the people we try to imitate are the unknown adults, the noncelebrities
“另一个学生,一个女孩,补充说,“我们试图模仿是未知的成年人,noncelebrities
in our lives.
在我们的生活中。
Instead of dreaming of being like some famous woman somewhere, I want to be like my mom’s best friend, whom no one in this room would know.
而不是梦想就像一些著名的女某个地方,我要像我妈妈最好的朋友,就是没有人在这个房间里就会知道。
But I know and admire her, and that’s enough to me.”
但是我也知道并且欣赏她,那是对我来说够了。”
The qualities required of a hero vary with the times, and some great figures of a certain period would surprise the people of another generation.
一种英雄的品质要求随著时代,和一些伟大人物的一个特定的时期会惊喜的新一代。
Consider the explosion of love and grief that followed the death of John Lennon in December 1980.
考虑爆炸的爱和悲伤的死亡后,约翰·列侬于1980年12月。
Few deaths have caused such deep sorrow, such mourning, in so many countries throughout the history of the world.很少引起死亡的悲痛,这样的悲哀,在很多国家在整个世界的历史。
There is no doubt that Lennon was a hero for his mourners.
毫无疑问,列侬为他的哀悼者是一个英雄。
Why?
新课标大学英语阅读教程3Unit4 A Promise Kept翻译
In a world where so many lives are being torn apart by divorces and heartaches, comes a story of a father and a daughter, and a promise that was kept. 现今，离婚和关系破裂粉碎了无数人的人生，然而在这样的一个时世，有着这么一个关于一对父女信守承诺的故事。 My father was not a sentimental man. I don’t remember him ever “ooohhing” or “ahhing” over something I made as a child. Don’t get me wrong; I knew that my dad loved me, but getting all 1)mushy-eyed was not his thing. I learned that he showed me love in other ways. 我父亲不善表露感情。我记得在我小时候，他从来不为我做的任何事情而发出“噢噢噢”或者“啊啊啊”之类的感叹。不要误会我的意思；我知道我父亲是爱我的，但是将感情外露不是他的性格。我知道他通过其他方式表达对我的爱。 There was one particular time in my life when this became real to me... 在我人生中，只有这么一回让我感受到他的爱是如此的真实…… I always believed that my parents had a good marriage, but just before I, the youngest of four children, turned sixteen, my belief was sorely tested. My father, who used to share in the 2)chores around the house, gradually started becoming 3)despondent. From the time he came home from his job at the factory to the time he went to bed, he hardly spoke a word to my mom or us kids. The 4)strain on my mom and dad’s
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无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现，是经过培养的，发展了的和受过训练的天赋。你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。它的任务就是创造。它是你的故事的创造者。 第二，将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作，它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样，有意识、谨慎而实实在在。天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分，而技艺却不是。它必须通过实践才能学到，并要通过实践才能掌握。如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上，光彩照人，那么，每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。 一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢？据说，我们从一生中的前二十年，或许前五年起就开始写作。这可能取决于个人，而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。无论如何，童年和少年时期的清晰印象，或多或少无条件地存在于我们的记忆中，未被解释，不受约束，而且栩栩如生，永不磨灭。困惑、徬徨、畏惧、喜悦、辉煌和平庸，在各种程度上以各种形式组合在一起。这些对往事的印象在心中悸动着。它们在等待什么？是在等待某种圆满的结果？还是对它们特有的真理的认可？似乎它们的创伤需要切开，隐秘的见解需要表露，发现需要与人分享，苦恼需要承认，这种飘渺的美需要形式。 我们就这样背负着各种任务渡过一生。时而,一个常常是小小的体验，撬开了记忆之门，抓住了这些虽已年代久远，却依然栩栩如生，呼之欲出的印象。于是，故事就如种子一般开始萌动。 这种经历人人都有，却鲜为人知。然而，一旦富有创造力的作家有了
英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译unit14
UNIT14 你怎么知道艺术品的优劣? 玛丽亚·曼尼丝 你喜欢艺术吗？你能说出哪些艺术品好哪些不好？是否存在评价艺术的标准？读一读下面这篇文章，看看玛丽亚·曼尼丝如何回答这样的问题。 设想没有评论家告诉我们，对一幅画，一个剧本或一段新乐曲怎样反应。设想我们无意间步入一个未署名油画的画展。我们依据什么标准，依据什么价值来评判它们是优是劣，是天才的还是没有天才的，是成功还是失败?我们又怎能知道自己的想法是正确的? 近十五或二十年来，艺术的批评与欣赏流行否认任何合理标准的存在，使“好”与“坏”成了无关紧要，无足轻重、无可适用的字眼。我们被告知，根本不存在先通过知识与经验获得，然后加在讨论的对象上的一套标准这回事。这一直是受到欢迎的方法，因为它解除了评论家评判的责任，公众也无须知识。它迎合那些不愿受规则约束的人，称头脑空虚者为开明来讨好他们，并使不知所措的人得到安慰。在民主平等之旗的掩护下--当然不是我们祖先所说的那种平等--它实际是在说：“你是谁，要来告诉我们什么是好，什么是坏?”这与大众传媒制作者的一贯伎俩如出一辙。他们坚持认为，由公众而不是由他们决定的它想要听和看的什么，而评论家说这个节目好而这个节目不好，这纯粹是个人趣味的反应。没有谁表达这一哲学，比近来弗兰克·斯丹坦博士，哥伦比亚广播电视公司极其睿智的总裁更为简明。在联邦通讯委员会的一次听证会上，他在接受询问时漏出此言：“一人眼里的平庸之作，却是另一人的佳作。” 最妙不过的说法是：“没有一个标准是绝对的”。造成这种放任观念的另一重要因素是：畏惧感----所有艺术形式的观察者们都有唯恐猜错的担心。这种担心极易遇到，谁没有听说当初饱受世人指摘的艺术家后来被称为大师？每个时期都有一些评判者，他们不和时代一起前进，无法区分进化和革命，风行一时的时尚、业余的实验与深刻的必然的变化之间的区别。谁愿意作出这样严重的判断错误而贻笑大方?安全得多，当然也容易得多的做法是：看着一幅画，一个剧本或一首诗，说道：“它很难懂，但也许很好”；或者干脆把它当作新形式加以欢迎。“新的”这个词--尤其在我们这个国度--具有魔力般的涵义。凡是新的都是好的；而旧的则极可能是不好的。如果评论家能用无人理解的语言描述新事物，那么他就更为安全。倘若他掌握了说话的艺术，用精巧复杂的言辞，却什么也没说，日后就无人能够说他曾经说过什么。 但是我认为，所有这一切实质上都是对评判责任的背弃。艺术家在创作中表现自己，而你则在欣赏中有自己的承诺。毕竟还是观众成就了艺术。欣赏的气氛对于艺术的繁荣不可或缺。公众的期望愈高，艺术家的表现就愈好。相反，只有被评论家误导的社会，才会在这几年把既不是艺术也不是文学的东西当做艺术和文学接受。如果一件东西没有了，一切也就没有了，而在废物堆最底层的是被抛弃的标准。 但这些标准究竟是什么?你怎样得到它们?你如何知道它们是正确的?你又如何能在这许多不可捉摸的东西，包括最不可捉摸的自我本身，理清出一个清晰的模式? 首先，很明显，你愈是多读、多看、多听，你将愈好地被装备起来实践建立在所有的理解与判断之上的联想艺术。愈是见多识广，愈能深刻意识到一个连贯一致的规律--犹如星辰、潮汐、呼吸、白昼黑夜一般具有普遍性--存在于万事万物中。我把这一规律与这一节奏称为一种秩序。并非秩序，而是一种秩序。其中存在着变化万千的各种形式。其外则是混乱--疯狂的毁灭因素----病态。最终应由你来区分健康的多样性与病态的混乱，而不运用联想的过程是无法做到的。没有联想的过程，你就不能将莫扎特乐曲的一节和维米尔油画的一角，斯特拉文斯基的乐谱与毕加索的抽象画，或者一个挑衅性的行为与弗兰茨·克兰的油画，一阵咳嗽声与约翰·凯奇的作品联系起来。 某些艺术表现形式是永恒的，而另一些却转瞬即逝，这并非偶然现象。尽管你不一定总要解释原因，但你可以提出问题。艺术家说了些什么永恒的东西?他怎样说这些?有多少是时尚，多少纯是反映?为什么如今沃尔特·司各特的作品如此难读，而简·奥斯丁却不是这样?为什么巴洛克艺术风格适合某一时期，而另一时期却显得过于炫目辉煌? 是否存在一个技巧标准，能够适用于所有时代的艺术，还是每个时代对标准都有各自不同的定义?你也许已不经意地意识到，这些年“技巧”已变成不入流的字眼，因为它含有“标准”的意思--即作品完成得好不好。这种方便的逃避的结果，导致了大量不能发出声音的演员，不会解释歌曲涵义的歌手，不能交流感情的诗人，词汇贫乏的作家--更不用说不会作画的画家。现在的教条是，技巧阻碍表达。不必说你不知道自己在做什么，如果你不知道怎样去做，那么你就能做得更好。 我认为，到了你帮助扭转这一潮流的时候了，方法是努力重新发现技巧：掌握选择的工具，无论是画笔、字词还是声音。当你开始觉察自由与草率，严肃的实验与自我疗法，技艺与即兴，力量与暴力之间的区别时，你就逐渐能够将山羊与绵羊区分开来，而这种区分形式我们竟阔别已久。所有你需要重新拥有的，不过是几条标准和能够看穿骗局的盖氏测量仪，而我们可以在急切需要这两者的领域－－当代绘画开始艺术之旅。 我不知道什么更糟糕：不得不面对大面积的拙劣艺术，为的是发现些许可取之处，还是阅读评论家对此说的一切。其他任何一个表现领域都不会象画界一样如此盛行煞有其事的言谈，流行如此多的废话：艺术与艺术生存的评论氛围之间紧密地相互依赖的进一步证据。我将很乐意和你共享我们时代典型的故弄玄虚的东西。
美英报刊阅读教程Lesson 1 课文
【Lesson 1 Good News about Racial Progress The remaining divisions in American society should not blind us to a half-century of dramatic change By Abigail and Stephan Thernstrom In the Perrywood community of Upper Marlboro, Md.1, near Washington, D.C., homes cost between $160,000 and $400,000. The lawns are green and the amenities appealing—including a basketball court. Low-income teen-agers from Washington started coming there. The teens were black, and they were not welcomed. The homeowners? association hired off-duty police as security, and they would ask the ballplayers whether they “belonged” in the area. The association? s newsletter noted the “eyesore” at the basketball court. But the story has a surprising twist: many of the homeowners were black t oo. “We started having problems with the young men, and unfortunately they are our people,” one resident told a re porter from the Washington Post. “But what can you do?” The homeowners didn?t care about the race of the basketball players. They were outsiders—in truders. As another resident remarked, “People who don?t live here might not care about things the way we do. Seeing all the new houses going up, someone might be tempted.” It?s a t elling story. Lots of Americans think that almost all blacks live in inner cities. Not true. Today many blacks own homes in suburban neighborhoods—not just around Washington, but outside Atlanta, Denver and other cities as well. That?s not the only common misconception Americans have ab out race. For some of the misinformation, the media are to blame. A reporter in The Wall Street Journal, for instance, writes that the economic gap between whites and blacks has widened. He offers no evidence. The picture drawn of racial relations is even bleaker. In one poll, for instance, 85 percent of blacks, but only 34 percent of whites, agreed with the verdict in the O.J. Simpson murder trial. That racially divided response made headline news. Blacks and whites, media accounts would have us believe, are still separate and hostile. Division is a constant theme, racism another. To be sure, racism has not disappeared, and race relations could —and probably will —improve. But the serious inequality that remains is less a function of racism than of the racial gap in levels of educational attainment, single parenthood and crime. The bad news has been exaggerated, and the good news neglected. Consider these three trends: A black middle class has arrived. Andrew Young recalls the day he was mistaken for a valet at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. It was an infuriating case of mistaken identity for a man who was then U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. But it wasn?t so long ago that most blacks were servants—or their equivalent. On the eve of
英语泛读教程3第三册Unit4课文翻译
寻找可以依靠的坚实臂膀 在美国，越来越多的老人独居。他们生病时处境通常显得很悲惨。简·格罗斯在下面的文章中指出这些老年人的问题。 每次人们在医生办公室给格雷斯·麦凯比递来一份紧急情况联系人表格时，空格处总令她心中发怵。对任何有配偶、伴侣或子女的人来说，这是个很简单的问题。但是，75岁的麦凯比女士一直独居。谁能和她一起渡过难关?情况最糟糕的时候，谁会关心她? 这些曾是假设的问题。但是现在，麦凯比女士视力越来越差，几乎完全看不见。她一直有很多朋友，但从没请过谁为她负起责任，比如，接急诊室半夜来的电话，或因为她自己不能写支票而帮助付账单。 她在所有的朋友中，选定了一个心地善良、遇事不慌、有解决问题能力的人。所以，她多次在空白处写止“夏洛特·弗兰克”，然后打电话说，“夏洛特，又把您写在单子上了，”于是，紧张时刻得到缓解。 麦凯比女士被一个鲁莽的司机撞倒在人行横道上，得了脑震荡，这时，年龄70岁，自己也独居的弗兰克女士在起居室长沙发上守了一夜。麦凯比女士再也看不清标)隹字体时，弗兰克女士给她弄了一台电脑，把字体设置到最大，这样，她就能读报纸，从商品单定购货物。 “你会发现，有些好朋友成了至交，”麦凯比女士说，“夏洛克既实际又形象地告诉我要，抓住不放，我这样做了。” 无法统计出不同年龄生病或有残疾的独居者的数字，医院安排出院的人和家庭健康照料机构说，他们服务的明显无人照顾的独居者越来越多。 人口调查报告中，单人家庭，包括从未结婚者、离婚者和丧偶者，其数目明显增加。2003年，近27％ 的美国家庭由独居者组成，高于1970年的18％，这些家庭注重的是不具有亲属的法律地位或社会地位的友谊。人口统计学家警告说，生育高峰期出生的人老年化，疾病和残疾成为老年不可避免的必然结果，这将使独居者家庭队伍壮大。 美国医院协会资深副会长詹姆斯·本特利说，独居者属于最棘手的情况。他说，任何病人或残疾人，在医院里和出院后都“需要有人负责照料他们”，但独居者在特别脆弱的时候，却是自己照料自己。 “病人不能同时想着两种角色，”他说，“但我们还没有一个好的机制来处理这个问题。” 医院里短期停留的病人增加，有时让不能自理的病人回家，这就使情况更糟。本特利先生说，医院必须找些新方法，让这类病人对面临的问题有所准备，并说独居者必须“在生病之前想一想”自己有哪些组织起来的关系网可以访问。 他说，“如果我们等到出生高峰时期出生的人需要这些的时候才来考虑，因为他们人数太多，没有办法特别处理，这是我们现在就要思考的问题，否则，到时候绝对会一团糟。”
英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT12
UNIT12 你为何如此聪明？ 卡伦·赖特 科学家们正在试图寻找可能管理着智力的“聪明”基因。但是智力基因能被用来测定遗传的智商吗？与生俱来的基因在多大程度上与智商有关系？下面的文章将告诉我们在这个问题上的 最新研究。 这是经济和社会成功最为重要的预测者之一。它帮助决定你在哪儿工作，在哪儿生活，和谁结婚，是否会离婚，是否会未婚生子，是否会有牢狱之灾。它可以被非常精确地测算，一生中很 少变化。它受你的基因的重大影响。 真是如此吗？ 当讨论说的是人类智能时，你不必太费力就能够找到论据。自从英国心理学家查尔斯·斯皮尔曼提出一种单个的综合智力管理着认知行为的许多方面的主张，一个世纪以来，科学家们和社会已对智力进行了长期而不断的争论：它是什么，作用是什么，谁拥有它，如何改进它，如何测算它，以及如何最好地解释和利用测算方式。 最近，由1994年出版的书《钟形曲线》所引发的争议,再次引起了人们对先天禀性和后天培育这个问题的争论：智力是可训练的还是遗传不变的？人类的思想是天生的还是创造出来的？经过几十年的研究，绝大多数智力科学家的结论是，两者兼而有之，分量大致均等。 因此，某处某人会开始寻找“聪明”基因，也许是不可避免的，。那个“某人”就是罗伯特·普洛明，一个从事智力研究已有25年之久的有经验的专家，他目前在伦敦的精神病学学院工作。去年，普洛明公开了一个基因与高智商相联系的第一个证据。今年，他又宣布发现了三个聪明基因的位置。在此后的几个月里，他期望发现至少两打最为重要的智力遗传决定因素。他的工作已经引起了和认知器管打交道的DNA医生的想象――以及不安。"我知道，没有别的人会发疯，以至来做这件事情，”他说。 普洛明的探索，是行为遗传学领域中最为大胆的探索之一。行为遗传学是一门致力于发现影响人类行为的遗传因素的学科。其中一项研究是通过比较双胞胎儿一起喂养和分开喂养的情况，来发现影响人类行为的遗传因素。另外一个办法是比较收养孩子的特征与他们的生父母、养父母及亲兄妹和非亲兄妹的特征相比较。如果进行得顺利，这些研究能决定一种特征的遗传性：在多大程度上个人之间的差异是由于基因的关系，而不是教养，营养，和教育这样的环境因素的作用。一旦一个特征的遗传模式建立起来，研究者们就可以确定有关的基因。 但是当要寻找的基因是聪明基因时，研究就变得复杂起来。一方面，智商测试所测量出来的智力是人类行为中可靠而稳定的部分。一生中它变化甚微，不同的测量往往得出相同的结果。智力也是所知道的精神特征中最能够遗传的：双胞胎和收养儿的研究表明，人们之间百分之三十到七十智商的差异可归因于基因。许多专家，包括普洛明，认为百分之五十是最为可能的数字。（像身高和体重这样的特征的可遗传性能高达百分之九十。） 但智力是一个复杂的现象，它受到数百个甚至数千个基因的控制。因此遗传模式并不明显。任何一个单个智力基因的发现都不可能会有太大的影响，普洛明承认。“任何植物或动物中任何一个复杂的特征，我们都不知道它涉及了多少基因，”他说。但是大多数聪明基因中的任何一个都有可能占不到百分之一的智力遗传性。 科学家们通过使用一条条在染色体上的位置已被精确地分配好了的DNA标记，把基因和特征联系起来。每一个标记的次序可以变化，正如蓝色眼睛的基因与棕色眼睛的基因稍稍有所不同。每个标记的这些不同形式称作对偶基因，与附近不同形式的基因相对应。如果带有一个DNA标记的特定对偶基因的人具有一种特征而不带有该对偶基因的人不具有此特征，那么此特征的基因就可能紧邻着那个标记，甚至与那个标记相同。
大学英语泛读教程2【第二版】unit1课文翻译
several nights a week Joseph woke up screaming from the same terrible could never recall his whole dream， only remembered that someone was running after was trying to get away，but in his dream he could not move。he continued having this nightmare for months。he was so tired in the morning that it was hard for him to go to work。Joseph，you see，is not a frightened child，but a grown man。 Milton Kramer is a psychiatrist and dream researcher Cincinnati， believes that it is very important that people don't ignore their dreams，because they are messages from our sleeping Kramer studied dreams and dreamers，he found that people wake up feeling very discouraged after they have a bad also found that after having a good dream，people feel more ,dreams can have harmful or beneficial a result,Kramer believes that we need to learn how to change our bad we understand what happened in our dreams,we can change negative，hurtful dreams to positive，helpful ones。 Before we can begin to change a nightmare，however，we first have to remember what happened in our say there are many ways to do can keep a journal or diary of what we do when we are awake. Then，before going to sleep，we can review our practice helps us to stay in we wake up，we should lie still while we try to remember our researchers say that by staying in the same sleeping positive，we are more likely to recall the should also try to remember an important word or picture from the image makes the rest of the dream easier to longer we sleep，the longer and more complex our dreams will be. Cartwright is a dream researcher， has developed another dream therapy for changing to ,dream therapy involves four simple steps you can learn on your first step is to recognize when you are having a bad dream that will make you feel helpless or upset the next second step is to identify what it is about the dream that makes you feel bad-for example，weak instead of strong，or out of control instead of in control. Next，stop any bad do not have to continue your bad dream，because you are in last step is to change the negative part of the you may have to wake yourself up and change the dream before you return to times it is possible to change the dream while you are still asleep. By using dream therapy，Joseph was able to change his ,his bad dreams stopped
新标准大学英语阅读教程4长篇翻译 unit 4
Unit 4全日制工作时代的终结 1997年，“粉丝”杂志在“Fast Company”杂志的一篇文章中指出，美国有大约2500万“自由球员”。一个自由球员，非常像体育运动，是一个没有任何限制行动的承诺的人，它包括所有非专业工作。自由人也被称为合同工，顾问和自由职业者。他们没有得到医疗保险福利，失业保险或集体谈判权。根据其独特的能力，自由代理人可以根据各种项目与多个客户合作。 2011年，凯利服务发现，由于美国人希望获得更多的自由，灵活性和获得专业技能的方式，自由人的数量已经增长到4400万。最近，MBO Partners的一项研究预计到2020年可能有7000万个免费代理商，创造了一个比全职员工更多的免费代理商的工作环境。这表明我们正在从一个支持全职工作和福利的经济转向同时拥有多个工作 的经济体。 公司正在雇用更多的免费代理商，因为他们节省了资金并获得利基专长来解决具体的业务问题。这与获得福利的全职工作人员和在他们领域的通才不同。CareerBuilder报道，2009年，公司雇佣了28％的
自由职业者，而现在在2012年，他们招聘了36％。Gray＆Christmas 的Challenger首席执行官John Challenger表示：“招聘自由职业者的另一个好处是，在缓慢的时期，[公司]不必坚持下去。”公司正在向“招聘”招聘策略，远离“人生招聘”之一。 在当前的经济中，没有工作保障，专业人士随着新技术的爆炸而变得无关紧要，员工们正在跨组织建立职业，而不仅仅是走上梯子。挑战者说，雇主与员工的社会契约正在演变为“忠诚度较低，重点更重要的项目”。所以如果你是一个自由球员，或是有志于成为自由球员，这里有一些重要的技巧要记住。 与其他自由人联合 您将会遇到的最大挑战是建立一个客户项目管道，以生存和发展。当您正在寻找下一个项目时，可能会有一段时间，而不像全职演员，您的经理向您提供下一个项目。你必须是一个好的销售人员，如果你想继续业务，就能够发展关系。挑战者说，这样做的一个方法是与其他志同道合的自由球员联系成为“大师级”。这样，您就可以更好地控制外包您的专业知识。通过绑定在一起，您可以共享资源，并以更可扩展的方式与客户进行持续的互动。您应该将工作转交给其他免费代理商，因为他们将来可能会回报。通过帮助别人创造的业力将在以后
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