2013年考博英语北京大学模拟题1

北京大学模拟题

Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)

（略）

Part Ⅱ Structure and Written Expression (20%)

Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.

21.. During the nineteen years of this career, France Battiate has won the _____ of a wide

audience outside Italy.

A. enjoyment

B. appreciation

C. evaluation

D. reputation

22.______as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

A. Being published

B. Published

C. Publishing

D. To be published

23.He quickly ______ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his

direction.

A. ducked

B. evaded

C. escaped

D. dodged

24.Their confidence in him was greatly ______ by his prolonged hesitation before taking any

action.

A. appreciated

B. confirmed

C. undermined

D. cherished

25.These photos of my family ______ happy memories of my early childhood.

A. refreshed me

B. brought to mind

C. stimulated

D. reminded himself

26.______ with overwork and injury done him, the good man died of cancer.

A. Because

B. If

C. Since

D. 'What

27.Wilson stood dazed in the middle of Times Square, ______of the crowds that surrounded

him.

A. oblivious

B. capricious

C. precipitous

D. ubiquitous

28.Tom _______ better than to ask his brother to help at such a critical moment.

A. shall

B. has known

C. shouldn't

D. should have known

29.Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; ______ is utter poverty.

A. now that all is left

B. now all which is left

C. now all that is left

D. now all what is left

30.______ I like very much to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students' papers and

thesis.

A. Much as

B. So far

C. In so far as

D. As far as

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a417829851.html,rgely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student

here works _______.

A. industrially

B. industriously

C. consciously

D. purposefully

32.I don't think it's sensible of you to _______ your greater knowledge in front of the

chairwoman, for it may well offend her.

A. show up

B. show off

C. show out

D. show away

33._______, he did become annoyed with her at times.

A. Much as he liked her

B. As he liked her much

C. Although much he liked her

D. Much although he liked her

34.If we don't stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will be______.

A. empowered

B. punished

C. polluted

D. annihilated

35.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research

and further thinking about a particular topic.

A. invent

B. stimulate

C. renovate

D. advocate

36.When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson

______ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.

A. took to

B. took up

C. took on

D. took in

37.In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or______ for language

learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program for, the reading skills.

A. appointed

B. assembled

C. acknowledged

D. adapted

38.In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe ______

Europe into a bloody war.

A. imposed

B. plunged

C. pitched

D. inserted

39.The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was

optimistic. They expect increased tax ______.

A. privileges

B. efficiency

C. revenues

D. validity

40.The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the

Congress is in ______ again next spring.

A. convention

B. conference

C. session

D. assembly

Part III Reading Comprehension

Ⅰ.Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)

Passage one

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only you’re your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some parts of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.

The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.

41. Some psychologists maintain that thinking is _______.

A. not a mental process

B. more of a physical process than a mental action

C. a process that involves your entire body

D. a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

42. Few people are able to listen to familiar music without _______.

A. moving some parts of their body

B. stopping what they are doing to listen

C. directing the orchestra playing it

D. wishing that they could conduct music properly

43. Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to_______.

A. hear the music

B. appreciate the music

C. enjoy the music fully

D. completely understand the music

44. According to the selection, muscle participation in the process of thinking is _______.

A. deliberate

B. obvious

C. not readily apparent

D. very pronounced

Passage Two

Laziness is a sin--everybody knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements, that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating -- rescheduling their day.

Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was "goofing off". Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone "lazy" to build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that "laziness" were caused by the worker's taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy" -- that is, taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.

45. The main idea of this passage is that _______.

A. laziness is a moral sin

B. there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazy

C. laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problems

D. lazy people do more careful work

46. The passage states that _______.

A. laziness is a disease

B. some people appear lazy because they are insecure

C. laziness is more beneficial than harmful

D. a good definition of laziness is emotional illness

47. Which of the following conclusion does the passage support?

A. The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.

B. Most of the time laziness is a virtue.

C. Most assembly line workers are lazy.

D. Most insecure people are lazy.

Passage Three

Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organism existence.

The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.

Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast.

48. A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water _______.

A. expands on freezing

B. is a great solvent

C. is like ammonia

D. has a very high heat capacity

49. From this passage, we may conclude that _______.

A. ocean and land masses are equal

B. ocean masses are smaller than land masses

C. it is difficult to get flesh water from the ocean

D. none of the above is correct

50. By "hydrosphere" the author means _______.

A. the moisture in the air

B. the part of the earth covered by water

C. the Milky Way

D. the frozen waters of the earth

Ⅱ.Directions: Read the following carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15%) Where do children play? Years ago, any open field, any vacant lot, any group of

trees -these were the places where children played. As families left family farms, small towns, and the countryside, and moved into cities, the places for their children to play in became rarer. Children in the cities had few options, fewer choices of places to play.

In fact, all people's lives change a lot when they move to the city. _51 In cities, homes are built on top of one another--in enormous apartment buildings. 52 The feeling of private space and ownership no longer exists in houses literally piled one on the other.

Psychologists have been studying the changes people experience when they leave rural area and move into urban environments. On clear findings from their studies is that people need green spaces for better mental health. Children can play on paved playgrounds. That's true. However they just don't have as much fun as children in small towns. _53 Without grass and trees and bushes and, yes, dirt and mud to get dirty, children miss an important part of childhood. 54 The human soul, it seems, needs to stay close to its roots.

Adults can plant lots of things like bulbs in window boxes and large containers. 55 However, tending window boxes isn't the same as being an amateur gardener and growing peas, tomatoes and salad greens in a backyard garden. The lack of green space is now recognized and understood as a problem.

Part IV Cloze Test (10%)

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Last year French drivers killed. 56 than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely 57 the 1,000 automated radar cameras as planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon 58 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500 59 radar devices this year.

So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses 60 the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last years London bombing, in which video cameras _61_ a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month 62_ the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for "anti-terror" 63 . In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were 64 to give up some civil liberty to improve 65 .

Part V Proofreading (10%)

Direction: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Examples:

e.g. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.

Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET 2: (66)begun → began

e.g. 2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.

Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET 2: (67) (Scarcely)had(they)

e.g. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.

Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET 2: (68)not

66 Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country. 67 Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.

68 But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.

In the cat and mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, 69 thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it

could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.

70 Canny college officials, in turn have found a tactical way to response. 71 Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applicants class rank.

72 The process has left them exasperating.

73 "If we're looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school with a rank we don't necessarily know that," said Tim Buck, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.

74 Admissions directors say strategy, can backfire. When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, 75 many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.

Part Ⅵ Writing (15%)

Direction: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper about 250 to 300 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of research workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. What has caused this situation in your opinion?

参考答案与解析

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(20％)

(略)

PartⅡ Structure and Written Expression(20％)

21.21．B．appreciation欣赏，赏识；enjoyment乐事；evaluation评价，估价；reputation

名誉，名声。

22.B。原句正常语序应为as it were published at such a time。

23.D。几个选项者隋“躲避，避开”的意思，duck急忙低头或弯下身(尤指为避开某物时

做此动作)；迅速移动(尤指为避免被看见)；evade强调“用心机或狡猾的手段逃避或回避对自己不利的东西”； escape做不及物动词时，意为“逃跑，逃脱”；dodge闪身躲开，常与about, behind，round连用。

24.C．undermine逐渐损坏，削弱；appreciate欣赏，赏识；confirm证实，确定。cherish

珍爱，珍视。

25.C．stimulate激发，促使；refresh使振作，精神恢复；bring to mind(使……)想起；remind

sb。of sth．使某人想起……。选项D结构不正确。

26.C．该句表示原因，只能在because与since两个选项中选择，because通常与of连用，

表示直接原因；since表示客观事实性质的原因。

27.A。oblivious没有觉察到；capricious善变的，反复无常的；precipitous险峻的，仓促的；

ubiquitous普遍存在的。

28.A。shall用做情态动词，意为“必须，必将”。

29.C。all that引导主语从句，相当于what。

30.A。much as相当于although；so far迄今为止；in so far as至于，就……；as far as远到，

直到；

31.B。industrious“勤勉的，刻苦的”符合题意，如：Chinese people are industrious．中国

人民是勤劳的。其他3项：industrially企业地，工业地；consciously有意识地，自觉地；

purposefully有目的地。都与题意不符。

32.B。show off“炫耀，卖弄，使显眼”符合题意。

33.A。本题是说尽管他非常喜欢她，但有时他的确非常生她的气。

34.D。annihilated“消灭，消除”符合题意，如：The naval force was annihilated during the

attack．在这次袭击中海军被彻底消灭了。其他3项：empowered授权予，使能够；punished 惩罚，处罚；polluted弄脏，污染。

35.B。stimulate“刺激，激励”符合题意，如：Exercise stimulates the flow of blood．体操

促进血液流动。其他3项：invent发明，创造；renovate革新，刷新，修复；advocate 提倡，鼓吹。

36.A。took to“喜欢，沉溺于”符合题意。其他3项：took up拿起，开始从事，继续，吸

收； took on披上，呈现，具有；took in接受，接待，吸收，理解。都与题意不符。37.D。adapt for使适合于，为……改编，改写；appointed约定，指定(时间，地点)，任命，

委任；assembled集合；acknowledged承认，答谢，报偿。根据题意，只有D项为正确答案。

38.B。plunged“使投入，使插入，使陷入”符合题意，如：plunge a room into darkness(使

一房间陷于黑暗中)。其他3项：imposed征税，强加，以……欺骗；pitched投，掷，向前倾跌；inserted插入，嵌入，都与题意不符。

39.C。revenues“收入，国家的收入，税收”符合题意。其他3项：privileges特权，特别

待遇； efficiency效率，功效；validity有效性，合法性，正确性。都与题意不符。40.C。session“会议，开庭”符合题意。其他3项：convention大会，协定，习俗，惯例；

conference 会议，讨论会，协商会；assembly集合，装配，集会，集结，汇编。都与题意不符。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Ⅰ.

Passage One

41.D．文章第1段提到一些心理学家认为思考的过程are not performed in the brain alone，

one's muscles also participate，不仅仅是大脑的活动，人的肌肉也会参与。D项正确。42.A。由第2段中的Few people can listen to music without moving their body or，some part of

their body，可得出选项A正确。

43.C。根据文中第3段，听音乐的人只有参与其表演(participate in its performance)，才能

derive all possible enjoyment from music(充分享受音乐)，选项C正确。

44.C。最后一段提到this participation is less obvious(肌肉的参与过程不那么明显)，选项C

“不那么清楚易见”正确。

Passage Two

45.B．本文第1段讲了laziness is a sin(懒惰是一种罪恶)，第2段又指出laziness can actually

be helpful，综合得出本文主要讲的是懒惰的坏处和好处。选项B正确。

46.B。第l段作者讲述—些看来懒惰的人实际上面临着更为严重的问题，后面又举例阐述

they may be distrustful of their fellow workers或they are in fear of failure，表明他们缺乏安全感。

47.A。文章第2段以牛顿在闲暇时发现万有引力定律，工人花费一定时间检验工作，过度

劳累的学生，管理人员，运动员，医生适当休息为例，说明有时laziness的用法是不恰当的，提醒我们要be careful when you are tempted to call someone lazy。

Passage Three

48.C．文章并不是说Water is like ammonia，而是说它的沸点比除了ammonia的其他任何

液体和固体都高。因此选项C不是水的特征，第2、3段分别叙述了水膨胀、高溶解力和高沸点等特性。

49.C．本文并未对ocean mass与land mass进行比较，因此选项A、B不正确。最后一段

讲到：oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents (大海成了一个储存从大陆上冲刷下来的诸多矿物质的仓库)，由此可以推断从海水中提取淡水可能会比较困难。所以答案为选项C。

50.B．本题可以采用排除法。文章开始就提到了海洋水的蒸发，降水循环以及海陆循环，

是整个水圈，而非仅大气中的水，可排除选项A。选项C银河，选项D地球上的冻结水，更不正确。B项是指地球上被水覆盖的地方，比较全面。

Ⅱ.

51.Tall buildings that contain different sets of rooms on different floors are built in cities and

these rooms are taken by people as their homes.

52.Because the flats where people live are built on different floors, that is, on top of one another,

people don't have the feeling of owning them personally as they used to have when living in

separate house.

53.If there are not the grass, trees or bushes where children could play, and if children didn't

have the chance to become dirty because of playing with dirt and mud, they would fail to enjoy their childhood fully.

54.It appears to be true that humans need to live near nature, that is, green space is of great

importance in building up people's minds, characters, thoughts, spirits and feelings.

55.Taking care of plants grown in window boxes is, however, not similar to working in a garden

behind a house and planting peas, tomatoes and salad green for enjoyment.

Part Ⅳ Cloze Test(10％)

56.fewer。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是radar devices的使用增强了社会安全性，本

句意为“去年法国司机驾驶中造成的死亡人数低于5000"。

57.to。本句意为“这一现象很大程度上归功于2003年以来安装在高速公路上的雷达摄像

头”。(do)credit to sb．／sth．使……值得赞扬，归功于……。

58.saved。句意：专家估算去年这些摄像头挽救了大约3000人的性命。

59.more。根据上下文，此处指的是“政府计划今年再安装500多个雷达装置”。

60.as。as the seeds of…作为……的根据。

61.played。play a role in在某方面起……作用，本句阐述的是过去发生的事情，因此需用

—般过去时。

62.after。句意：在伦敦袭击事件发生后一个月。

63.purposes。for…purposes为了…目的。

64.willing／ready。be willing／ready to do sth．乐意做某事。

65.security。

Part Ⅴ Proofreading(10％)

66.highly →high。high用来描述application files的状况，不是用来修饰动词pile。

67.(poring)over(essays)。pore over固定结构，意为“审察，审视”。

68.anything→something。句意：但是诸多申请中缺少一些东西。

69.better→good。very good students十分优秀的学生。本处没有比较意味，不需用比较级。

70.response→respond。不定式短语中需用动词respond。

71.(for)an(entire)。an entire class整个班级。

72.exasperating→exasperated。过去分词短语用来形容人，意为“感到……的”；现在分词

修饰物，表示事物特征，此处指“该过程使他们十分愤怒”。

73.with→without。根据上下文，本处要表达的意思是“没有等级，我们就不知道……”。

74.(say)the(strategy)。strategy指代的是前文的recreate an applicant's class rank。

75.and→but。have little choice but to do没有选择，只好做……。

Part Ⅵ Writing(15％)

(略)

北京大学考博英语模拟题14

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