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[真题解析类]-沪江英语-下载版黑暗版完形真题解析

[真题解析类]-沪江英语-下载版黑暗版完形真题解析
[真题解析类]-沪江英语-下载版黑暗版完形真题解析

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考研英语历年完形真题解析(2008-2009)

内部资料

沪江考研试题研究中心

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a718394476.html,

目录

1994-2009年完型填空命题分析与解题原则 .............................. 3

一、完型填空的命题思路分析 (3)

二、完型解题的基本原则和方法 (3)

三、完型填空的主要测试点 (5)

四、完型文章的结构特点 (5)

五、完型填空的解题程序 (7)

六、一些通用性的解题方法 (8)

七、完型文章中常见的上下文逻辑关系 (13)

八、近年来完型试题的发展趋势 (13)

九、完型词汇的复习重点 (14)

2008-2009年完形真题解析 (15)

2009年Use of English (15)

答案及分析 (16)

全文翻译: (18)

2008年Use of English (19)

答案及分析 (20)

全文翻译: (22)

考研重点词汇的比较记忆 (22)

完型填空命题分析与解题原则

一、完型填空的命题思路分析

完型填空题虽然在考研英语中所占的分值不是很大,但却是多年来一个传统的考试题型,这说明它的地位很重要,有很重的潜在分量。那么出题者对于完型填空的命题思路是什么?或者说出题者想通过完型填空这种题型达到考查考生什么能力的目的呢?这可以从完型填空的命题形式中看出来:完型填空的命题形式

完型填空的基本命题形式是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文(按照新大纲的规定在240-280字左右),出题者有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后去除一处词语,形成总共20处词语空缺,然后在相应的空缺处设置包括三个干扰项在内的四个备选答案,需要考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。

从命题形式分析命题思路

从完型填空的命题形式来看,需要考生完成的20个填空不是孤立存在的,而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。从这个角度,完型文章实际上是由两部分信息构成:

未知信息(即20处填空)

已知信息(即20处填空之外的那些可以阅读到的信息)

虽然未知信息是考生看不到的,但是这些已知信息却是白纸黑字考生可以通过阅读掌握的。并且未知信息与已知信息之间有着各种各样、千丝万缕的关系,出题人之所以将20个未知信息设置在大量的已知信息之中,就是要求考生先对这些已知信息进行充分的把握和理解,通过已知信息去破解未知信息。因此,大纲将完型填空的命题思路概述为:"完型填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力,即在阅读理解基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力"(教育部考试中心编辑出版的《全国硕士研究生入学考试分析》对完型填空试题的定位)。根据上述分析,我们可以把完型填空的基本命题思路概括为以下几点:

先对整体环境进行把握和理解--->解决具体问题

先对已知信息进行把握和理解--->破解未知信息

先对完型文章进行阅读理解--->解20个具体的填空

二、完型解题的基本原则和方法

完型填空的命题思路决定了破解完型填空是绝对不可以脱离文章背景信息,依靠"感觉"或所谓"语感"进行无根据猜测的。出题人既然将20个未知填空设置在一篇大量已知信息构成的文章之中,而且这些未知填空与已知信息之间有着极其紧密的关系,解出完型填空的基本方法实际上就是:通过已知信息破解未知信息。

更进一步,完型的20个填空中每一个空都是整篇文章的一部分,也就是说每一个未知信息点都处于整篇文章包含的庞大的已知信息体系之中,所以对于一个具体的填空(或未知信息点)来说,并不是整篇文章包含的所有已知信息都与其有关系,解出一个具体完型填空的关键是要找出与这个填空相关联的所有已知信息(线索)。因此,完型解题的基本原则和方法可以概括为:

相关已知信息(线索)定位分析法

首先定位和找出每一个未知信息点在文章中的所有相关联的已知信息点,通过对这些相关联的已知信息点的分析总结,推断出未知填空的答案。

根据这个基本的解题方法,考生最艰巨的任务就是要从完型文章所包含的庞大的已知信息体系中通过分析、排查(无关已知信息),找出与每个具体的填空相关联的那些已知信息点,再根据这些相关已知信息最终得到这个填空的正确答案。这个过程很象侦探破案,侦探面对的也是大量的各种各样的线索,必须经过排查无关线索,滤出真正与案件有关的线索才能最终破案。这个对庞大已知信息进行分析排查,从而找到每个填空的相关已知信息点的过程其实就是完型解题的核心过程,也是最难的部分。

相关已知信息点的分布规律与一个未知填空相关联的已知信息点一般分布在文章的三个层次:

(1)句子内部之中-每个具体的未知填空都处于一个具体的句子之中,因此与这个未知填空相关联的已知信息往往处在这个句子之中,也就是这个未知填空的附近左右;

例如:2000年考研英语完型试题的44题

"as a commodity which he must sell insgroupsto 44 old agricultural implements ."

(A) replace (B) purchase (C) supplement (D) dispose

分析:44题受到3个相关已知信息点的限制,这3个相关已知信息点基本上分布在其所在的句子之中。第一,44题所要选的动词首先必须是"He"这个主语能够作出的动作(即主谓搭配);第二,44题左面的相关已知信息"insgroupsto"决定了这个动词的动作必须是"sell"的目的所在;第三,44题右边是另一个相关已知信息点:这个动词的宾语(动宾搭配);也就是说所选的动词必须同时满足这三个信息点,才为正确答案。由此,我们可以淘汰(B) purchase和(C) supplement (动宾搭配不当,不可能去买或者补充破旧的农具),还有(D) dispose (丢弃破旧农具不可能是"sell"的目的所在),只有(A) replace同时满足三个相关已知信息点,所以是正确答案。

(2)上下句之中-由于完型文章的上下文之间往往有着明显的逻辑关系,因此一些与这个未知填空相关联的已知信息也会分布在该未知填空所在的句子的上下句之中。

例如:2000年考研英语完型试题的43题

"When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established"

[A]regulation[B]climate[C]circumstance[D]requirement

分析:与本题相关联的已知信息除了本题所在句子包含的信息外,还一定要看前边那一句,因为前后两句为主从句关系。从从句When the work is well done可以看出该句实际上划定了一个前提条件,即当安全工作做好的时候,后边的才能被建立起来;因此,[A]regulation(规章)和[D]requirement(要求)明显不正确,因为此两者的被建立不依赖前边的条件。选项[C]circumstance只有是复数时才能表示"环境"的意思。所以[B]climate(气候、氛围)是最佳答案。

(3)整个文章结构之中-除了看未知填空所在的句子、其所在句子的上下句之外,还有一些相关联已知信息需要从整个文章的结构和文章的核心中心主线所包含的信息中去查找;

例如:2002年考研英语完型试题的21题

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.

[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later

分析:解除本题所考查的介词的关键是分析清楚文章的结构,把握文章的中心主线,从中定位找出本题的相关线索:

文章结构分析-。本文的结构还是非常明了的总分对照结构,并且文章的头两句就是整个文章总述句:

根据文章的上述结构,我们看出19世纪所代表的"much"发生在15、16世纪和20世纪这两个时间段之间,因此本题的答案是between。

单个或多重相关已知信息点一个未知填空有可能只受到单个相关已知信息点的限制也可能同时受到多个相关已知信息点的限制。从历年真题来看,大部分的未知填空还是受到多个相关已知信息点的限制,只受到单个相关已知信息点的限制的题不多见。

例如:2000年考研英语完型试题的44和45题:

"as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil."

44. (A) replace (B) purchase (C) supplement (D) dispose

45. (A) enhance (B) mix (C) feed (D) raise

分析:上面这段话考了两个动词,而且均为及物动词,但与这两个动词相关联的已知信息点的数量却是不同的。45题这个空基本上只受到一个相关已知信息点的限制,只要看45空后边的宾语the soil就足以解出本题,即主要考虑45空所要选的动词与the soil之间动宾搭配的匹配性就可以了。44题就同时受到一共3个相关已知信息点的限制了。

做完型填空题的大忌-- "只见树木、不见森林"

通过总结历年真题可以看出,大部分的填空是受到多个相关已知信息点的限制,而这些多个相关已知信息点往往又在3个层次都有分布,两者是交替出现的。正是这种现象决定了考生在做完型填空题时不能犯"孤立主义"或"只见树木、不见森林"的错误,即不能只关注填空左右附近的信息,而是要"瞻前顾后"、"胸怀大局"。

三、完型填空的主要测试点

根据完型填空的命题思路,完型主要考查考生的两大方面的能力:阅读理解能力以及在阅读理解基础上的英语知识(主要包括语法和词汇)运用的能力:阅读理解能力

完型填空既然是以一篇短文为背景,首先要求考生对整个文章内容要有精确的理解,而且它所考察的阅读理解能力决不是泛泛地理解能力,而是包括三个层次的能力:

对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解

对上下文/句子之间关系的把握和理解

对句子内部结构和意义的把握和理解

完型的阅读之所以考查这三个层次的能力其实是由未知填空的相关已知信息点的分布规律决定的:

文章的整体结构之中

上下句之中

句子内部之中

从上述完型填空所要求的三个层次的能力来看,完型要求考生对文章进行"精读",即考生要从文章整体到每个句子的内部细节都要完全把握,也就是说对文章要有100%程度的掌握。

英语知识运用的能力

从完型填空所涉及的范围来看,它是考查考生对英语基础知识,主要是语法和词汇的运用能力,可以归纳为以下三大考点:

语法(占20% - 30%左右)

固定习语(占10%左右)

词汇的辨析和使用(占60% -70%左右)

四、完型文章的结构特点

完型的基本命题思路就是要求考生在先对完型文章的已知信息进行阅读理解的基础上再去解题,即出题者要求考生首先要对文章有一个清晰、准确的整体把握再去解决具体问题。既然出题者要求考生从整体上把握文章,那么出题者所选取的文章就应该是可以从整体上把握的文章。此类可以从整体上把握的文章一般都有着两个很明显的特征:第一、要有明确的中心主线贯穿全文,从而使得读者抓住了这条主线也就把握了文章整体。第二、其文章结构要能将中心主线非常简洁地表达清晰。

考研英语的完型文章恰恰就是这种典型的可以从整体上把握的文章,所以从历年的真题来看,考研英语的完型文章有着以下两个明显的特点:完型文章一般都有明确的中心主线

整个文章的中心主线包括鲜明的主题(FOCUS),同时文章往往又具有很强的导向性或者作者态度具有倾向性;这个主题以及这种导向性或倾向性其实就构成了完型文章的中心主线,成为从整体上把握完型文章的关键点。中心主线贯穿全文,即整篇文章就是围绕着中心主线展开。

完型文章往往采用总分对照结构

从文章结构的角度来看,能够将文章的中心主线非常简洁地表达清晰的结构往往是总分对照的结构。所以,我们通过大量的总结分析后发现考研英语的完型文章在文章结构上经常采用总分对照的形式,这就为我们迅速从整体上把握一篇完型文章提供了非常便利的条件。

总分对照结构是由总述部分和分述部分构成,总述是对分述的总结和概括,而分述是对总述的展开和祥述,两者之间有着明确的互相支持、互相印证的对照关系。

总分对照结构往往贯穿于完型文章,具体来说,一般可以应用于完型文章的三个层次中:

(1)应用于整篇文章的结构-由于总分对照结构的性质,当总分对照结构应用于整个完型文章时,总述句一般就承担了表现整个文章中心主线的任务。然后,分述部分围绕这个总述句(即中心主线)展开详细的描写。因为完型文章通常非常短(仅300字左右),总述句往往处于文章的首句或首段,这样就使得完型文章通常显得"开门见山",即文章的首句或首段就是整篇文章的中心主线所在。

综观1994年-2006的历年考研完型试题,其整篇文章结构基本上都采用了总分对照型。

例如:2000年考研英语的完型文章的首句如下:

"If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. - (如果一个农民想要成功的话,他必须在消费和生产之间保持一个大的差额)"

本文的整体结构是明显的总分对照结构,文章的首句就是总述句,直接概括除了整篇文章的中心主线:

(2)应用于文章中的段落结构-尽管整篇完型文章往往是一篇主题明确、形式完整的小短文,但完型文章中的段落仍然是具有相对独立性的意群,因此也经常采用总分对照结构,此时的总述句是概括出本段的中心主线,即本段的核心主题是什么。

例如:1999年考研英语完型文章的第二段

"Successful safety programs may(45 differ)greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by ( 46 observing) rules or regulations. ( 47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained."

本段的结构就是标准的总分对照型:

(3)应用于段落中意群的结构-即使一个段落之中也会存在独立的意群,不管这个意群有多短小,由于其具有相对独立的意义,因此也可以采用总分对照的结构。

例如:2000年考研英语完型文章中的一个意群

"If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be(47 self-sufficient) . He must either sell some of his property or ( 48 seek) extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate)of interest, but loans of this kind are not (50 frequently)obtainable."

该篇文章在这里进入一个新的意群(该文章在此之前都在讲述农民如果有赢余会如何),这个意群也采用了经典的总分对照结构:

分述中几个排比句的重点谓语动词实际上非常形象地支持了总述中"农民没有surplus,就不能self-sufficient"这个该意群的中心主题。

五、完型填空的解题程序

根据我们上述分析的完型的特点,给大家推荐以下解题程序:

第一步:先花费2-3分钟的时间对整篇文章做整体通读(PREVIEW),整体通读的目标:掌握整篇文章的中心主线,即文章的主题(FOCUS)+文章的导向或者作者的态度倾向。

第二步:按段精读、按段理解、按段分析,按段做题(因为段本身就是相对独立的意群,以段为单位,其实是缩小了考生的对立面);

第三步:做完20个空后,再进行整篇通读(REVIEW);

如何做整体通读从而掌握文章的中心主线根据我们上文对完型文章结构两大特点的分析,以及总分结构在完型文章中三个层面的应用,建议考生按照以下步骤进行整体通读,从而迅速把握整篇完型文章的中心主线:

第一:重点读文章的首句或首段(首句之后的第二句往往也很重要,也可能是总述句的范畴,建议根据情况重点读)

第二:再重点读每一段的首句

第三:以上首句之外的分述部分,挑选分述中各句子中的一些重点词语,如谓语动词,形容词、名词等,进行综合分析。

以上这三个步骤,第一步是核心,由于完型文章大都采用总分对照结构,一般通过文章的首句就已经能够读出中心主线了;如果有些文章的首句对文章中心主线表现的不是很明确的话,第二和第三个步骤可用来和第一步骤互相配合,进一步明确中心主线。

例如:2003年完型文章:

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

该文章的首句- "Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. -教师们需要意识到青少年所经历的情绪、智力和身体上的变化"

这个首句虽然大体揭示出文章的主题(FOCUS)是有关青少年应对变化的问题,但中心主线,如作者的态度倾向性等并不是很明确。其实,我们只要在之后的分述部分抓几个句子的重要词语,就马上可以明确这些:

分述部分

……but not just in ways that emphasize competition……

……adjusting to……new intellectual and emotional challenges……

……teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition……

……there are more winners than losers……

……Making friends is extremely important to teenagers……

……A variety of activities should be organized……

……without feeling guilty……

六、一些通用性的解题方法

完型填空的基本解题原则是从已知信息中寻找定位出所有与未知填空相关联的信息线索,通过综合分析这些线索推测未知填空的答案。因此,我们在这里总结一些具有普遍性的寻找定位相关已知线索的方法和规律。这些方法更多地适用于动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词。

无关词排除法

完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线,且整个文章很紧凑,就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此,理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而,一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

例如:2001年考研完型试题的第35题

"bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(34 illegal)and will strictly control the amount of35that can be given to a case"

[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity

答案:[A]publicity

分析:此题可以应用"无关词排除法"。本题所考查的名词处于这样一个句子结构中:作为control的宾语;后边还受到一个定语从句的限制。根据文章的主题,可以发现3个选项[B]penalty(惩罚)、[C]popularity(流行度)、[D]peculiarity(古怪度)与文章的主题根本无关,政府不可能去控制这些东西。政府要控制的是选项[A]publicity(公开度)。

同现

同现是一种词汇的衔接手段。完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线,所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语,这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致,或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此,文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。

例如:1995年考研完型试题的43题

"Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. ( 41 Neither)kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 ."

(A) subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious (D)doubtful

答案: (C) mysterious

分析:此篇文章有非常明确的中心主线。文章首句-Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.(睡眠分为两种:REM sleep和非REM sleep),探讨两种睡眠就是本文的主题。下一句- 41(答案:Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood(两种睡眠都没有被很好地理解),这就是文章的基本导向。

中心主线(FOCUS主题:有关两种睡眠的问题。文章导向:两种睡眠都没有被很好地理解。)

本题考查形容词的辨析,需要考生从4个形容词中挑出一个最佳的修饰non-REM sleep的目的。但如果仅根据本题所在句子的已知信息是不足以解出题的,还需要在本句之外寻找其他与本题相关的已知信息才可以。这个信息就在本文的总述句所表现的文章导向中:两种睡眠都都没有被很好地理解,后面的分述要服从这个导向。所以,本题的non-REM sleep既然是两种睡眠中的一种,其目的当然应该不被理解,即(C) mysterious(神秘的)。本题是很常见的"同现"现象。

复现

复现是完型文章中词汇的另一种衔接手段,即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现,也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于:如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系,只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。

关联

关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构,即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语,比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下,两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样,且常常起一样的语法作用,之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于:出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息,另一个是未知的,这样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。

例如:1999年完型试题的42题

"Companies ( 41 with) low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active."

[A]alive[B]vivid[C]mobile[D]diverse

答案:[A]alive

分析:从本题所处的句子结构来看,to keep them 42 and active,本题的选项受到两个已知信息点的控制:一个是对them起修饰作用;再有是与后边的另一个形容词active之间形成并列的关联关系,而且形容词active同样也是修饰them。从这两个信息点来看,能够同时满足这两点的选项是[A]alive,表示them(safety programs安全制度)是既alive(有效)又active(被广泛执行)。选项[B]vivid(栩栩如生的)和[C]mobile(移动的)与被修饰成份them(safety programs安全制度)之间根本就没有同质性,构不成修饰关系;而[D]diverse(多种多样的)虽然可以修饰them,但与active没有关联关系。

例如:2002年完型试题的33题

"As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as 33 "

[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental[D]instrumental

答案:[A]institutional分析:本题所考查的形容词用来修饰they即computers,而在本题之前文章中已经有下列3个形容词修饰了computers,本题只是前面3个形容词的延续:

实际上前边3个已知的形容词就是33题的关联成分,通过分析这3个已知形容词的特征就可以确定本题的答案。smaller / powerful / personal这3个词首先都是修饰计算机本身的变化,而且其导向都是指计算机变得越来越容易使用(easier to use);因此, 33题我们也要挑选一个具有此特征的词.选项[C]fundamental (根本的,本质上的)和[B]universal(普遍的)不能用来修饰computers,两者没有同质性.选项[D]instrumental (仪器的)不具有前3个形容词的特征,没有表述出计算机变得好用这个概念.只有选项[A]institutional (制度化的)在此处形容计算机变得模块化了,因而有统一的装配和操作标准,也就意味着computers became easier to use.

时间线索

完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索,因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。

例如:1998年完型试题的46题

"But they insisted that its(指工业革命) 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity."

43. A)momentary B)prompt C)instant D)immediate

46. A)broadly B)thoroughly C)generally D)completely

43.答案: D) immediate

分析:本题考查形容词的词义辨析,关键要注意的已知信息点是后边的一个时间段-during the period from 1750 to 1850。正是这个时间段决定了不可能选择A)momentary、B)prompt以及C)instant这三个均表示"时间短"的词。而immediate除了立即的含义外,还包括逻辑上的"直接"的意思,本题在这里就是要表达工业革命"直接的结果"这个意思,所以D) immediate为最佳选项。

46.答案: D) completely

分析:本题考查副词的词义辨析,主要是在表示绝对性的B)thoroughly(彻底地)、D)completely(完全地)和表示相对性的C)generally(通常地,总体上地)之间做一个选择。解出本题的关键是要根据文章的已知信息分析出"英国是完全的农业国还是总体上的农业国"。做这个分析的关键信息是时间线索。文章给出了两个时间段:

根据上述分析,应该选择表示"英国是完全的农业国"的选项。B)thoroughly是指细节上的彻底,而D)completely是指整体上的完全,显然D)completely 更为合适。

例如:2002年完型试题的30题

"It is generally recognized, ( 29 however ) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process"

[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized

答案:[B]followed分析:正确解出本题的关键是把握清楚本填空所连接的前后两部分的逻辑关系,而且由于前后两部分的信息都配有明确的时间线索,时间就成为最方便利用的已知信息:

通过时间线索马上明确了"计算机的发明"早于"集成电路的发明",4个选项中只有[B]followed能够正确表达这种时间关系,其他3个选项都将"集成电路的发明"表达成早于"计算机的发明"。

总分结构对照分析法

由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持,互相印证的对照关系,而且总述是对分述的总结和概括,而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时,解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。

例如:2000年考研试题的47题-应用于形容词的例子

"If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or ( 48 seek)extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low ( 49 rate)of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable."

[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

答案:[B]self-sufficient

分析:本题处在一个总述句中:If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 .在此句话之前,文章都是在讲If surplus is available(有赢余的情况下),农民的生活如何;实际上,从文章结构来看,从本题开始出现了另一个意群,而If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47为这个意群的总述句,即如果没有赢余,农民会怎样?所以,仅仅看本题所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不够的,还要看其他地方的相关已知信息,这个关键的相关已知信息就在分述部分;因为总述部分是对分述部分的高度概括,只要总结出分述部分,本题答案就迎刃而解。

总结一下分述部分很容易判断出47题的答案一定是[B]self-sufficient,因为总述句中的not be self-sufficient恰恰是对分述的最佳概括.

例如:1999年考研试题的45题-应用于动词的例子

"Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by ( 46 observing)rules or regulations. ( 47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained."

[A]alter[B]differ[C]shift[D]distinguish

答案:[B]differ分析:45题所考查的动词处于本段的总述句中,既然分述所做的是"秉承总述的旨意",我们通过分析分述的内容就可以倒退出总述的意思。

通过分述可以总结出"3种都是成功的安全项目(主语)"做的动作都是"将重点放置于(谓语)","但所放置的点不同(宾语)"。由此分述总结出总述句的主语Successful safety programs所要做的动作(46题)就是"differ"。

例如:2002年考研试题的21题-甚至可以应用于介词

"Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.

[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later

答案:between分析:解除本题所考查的介词处于文章的总述部分- "作者要在两个时间阶段之间做比较。然后说:但是很多事情发生了"。再去总结分述部分-"文章首段讲19世纪出现了许多信息产品",正好支持总述的much had happened,19世纪处于两个时间段之间,答案一定是between。

对应成分分析法

由于完型文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,句子的各个成分之间便形成一定的对应关系,考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分作为线索,通过对应的已知成分推断出未知填空的答案。

(1)应用于句子内部

例如:1996年完型试题的第45题

"Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements- usually carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , and 45 nitrogen."

(A) mostly (B) partially (C) sometimes (D) rarely

答案: (C) sometimes分析:本题是一个典型的可以应用"对应成份分析法"解出的题:

从上述分析可以看出,45题与usually形成对应关系:因为usually是频度副词,所以45题起码要选择频度副词,可以马上排除不是频度副词的选项(A) mostly和(B) partially。(D) rarely(很少)虽然是频度副词,但由于45题与usually之间是and并列的逻辑关系,而rarely与usually是转折对立的关系,所以不对。只有(C) sometimes,既是频度副词,又可以与usually形成并列的逻辑关系。

(2)应用于上下句之间

例如:1996年完型试题的第46题

"Vitamins are similar because they are

made of the same elements--usually carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently"

46. (A) in that (B) so that (C) such that (D) except that

答案: (A) in that分析:本题应用"对应成份分析法",分析如下:本题所在的这句话的句子结构与本段的第一句的结构一模一样:

通过上述分析,可以非常明确地看出46题与上句中的because形成对应,也就是说46题再选出一个表示because的选项,答案为(A) in that。例如:1996年完型试题的第49题

"( 48 Getting)enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins."

49. (A) exceptional (B) exceeding (C) excess (D) external

答案: (C) excess

分析:本题可应用"对应成份分析法",分析如下:本题需要选出一个修饰vitamins的形容词,我们发现前边的从句中也有一个修饰vitamins的形容词enough,而且前后两句有着明确的逻辑关系-让步关系的主从句。

通过上述分析,可以非常明确地看出49题与上句中的enough形成对应成份,而且两者为对立的关系,所以本题的答案就是去4个选项中找一个与enough 对立的选项即可,(C) excess是enough的对立选项,故为正确答案。

七、完型文章中常见的上下文逻辑关系

把握和理解完型文章中上下句的逻辑关系是完型文章阅读所要求的一个重要能力,因此,我们根据历年的完型真题总结完型文章中上下句之间比较常见的几种逻辑关系:

并列关系&部分常用标志词和短语

and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say,

递进关系&部分常用标志词和短语

then, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more,

因果关系&部分常用标志词和短语

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, consequently, accordingly,

转折关系&部分常用标志词和短语

but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately,

让步关系&部分常用标志词和短语

although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of,

除了以上常见的5种逻辑关系之外,比较常见的还有时间关系和条件关系。

八、近年来完型试题的发展趋势

文章题材的趋势分析

1997年以前的完型考题基本上选科普类题材,但1997年之后直到2004年全部是有关社会类题材,看来选择社会类题材应该是以后完型文章的基本趋势。附1997年之后历年完型文章的选题:

1997年-有关临时工的问题

1998年-有关如何评价工业革命的问题

1999年-有关如何实现安全生产的问题

2000年-有关农民实现经济自足的问题

2001年-有关限制媒体报道在法律审判中的影响的问题

2002年-有关人类信息社会发展过程的问题

2003年-有关如何帮助青少年适应变化的问题

2004年-有关青少年犯罪的主题

2005年-有关人的嗅觉的主题

2006年-有关美国无家可归者的主题

文章阅读难度的趋势分析

完型自2001年开始采用20道题的新题型之后,随着文章长度的增加(从以前的150-180字增加到240-280字),应该说文章的阅读难度总体上也在增加。文章阅读难度的增加并非通过使用了难、偏的词汇,实际上完型文章不会涉及到太难、太偏的词汇,而是通过在文章中增加复杂句。

增加复杂句之所以能够明显地增加完型文章的难度是因为完型文章的阅读是为了最后的填空,因此不同于一般的阅读理解,只要读懂了就可以。完型的阅读要求考生对句子的内部结构和最精确的意义都要掌握,而复杂句恰恰增加了此处的阅读难度。

通过增加复杂句的使用是今后完型增加阅读难度的一个基本趋势,分析历年来的试题可以明显看出此种趋势。例如:

1994年试题,共7句组成,其中4句为简单句;

2001年试题,共9句组成,其中7句为复杂句;

2003年试题,共11句组成,全部为复杂句;例如,原文中出现了下面这种相当复杂的句子,而且在一个复杂句中出了3道题:

However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

九、完型词汇的复习重点

在前面完型测试点的分析中,我们提到词汇的

辨析和使用占到完型出题量的60% -70%左右,是最重的部分。所以,考前词汇的准备对于完型显得尤为重要。但最为有效地复习词汇的关键是要掌握完型对词汇考查的特点:

首先,完型考查的不是那些所谓"很难、很偏的词"。考研大纲所要求的词汇量本身就是一个大学生应该掌握的基本词汇,在这些词汇中重点用来考完型的不过在1500-1600个左右,这些词汇绝大部分都是考生们已经"认识"的普通词汇;

其次,对这些考生们已经"认识"的普通词汇,完型的重点当然不会放在考查其大概意思上,而是考查考生对该词汇掌握的"深度"。在词汇的意义上,由于大部分英文词汇为多意,完型注重对词汇意义的全面考查,而不仅限于该词的主要意义;除了词汇的意义,完型近年来越来越注重对词汇用法的考查,特别是词汇的搭配使用。而这种对词汇的深度考查恰恰是很多考生的弱项,因为这些考生以往的词汇学习方法造成他们一般仅仅掌握词汇的常用中文意义而已,特别是对词汇的使用和搭配就更加不了解。

从上述分析来看,考生们对词汇的准备应更多地放在对已经认识的词汇的"深度"扩展上,而非简单地去追求词汇的"广度",以至于钻偏词、难词。

2008-2009完型填空真题解析

2009年Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit-flies who are taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too terrifically bright.

Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a 7 process— instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .

Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q. -wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.

Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a(an) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.

1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine

2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened

3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer

4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority

5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward

6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along

7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual

8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think

9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different

10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward

11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs

12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across

13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply

14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance

15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest

16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach

17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with

18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise

19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile

20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still

答案及分析

1标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

[A] Suppose 假设

[B] Consider 思考,考虑

[C] Observe 观察

[D] Imagine 想象

【答案解析】:由于本句的语境是别人已经把实验描述出来,因此不需要假设、想象和观察,根据句意可得出B选项

2标准答案【A】

【选项解析】:

[A] tended “tend to do sth.”是“有…的倾向”的意思

[B] feared “fear to”是担心的意思

[C] happened “happen to”是“碰巧”的意思

[D] threatened “threatened to”是“恐吓”的意思

【答案解析】:空格前后的句意是“较聪明的果蝇往往寿命较短”因此应选择带倾向意味的A选项

3标准答案【D】

【选项解析】:

[A] thinner 更瘦的

[B] stabler 更稳定的

[C] lighter 更轻的

[D] dimmer 更黯淡的

【答案解析】:本句要表达的意思是“灯泡越暗寿命越长”,根据句意选D

4标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

[A] tendency 倾向

[B] advantage 优势

[C] inclination 倾向

[D] priority 优先权

【答案解析】:根据前面an这个冠词判断不选AD,根据后面in这个介词排除ACD,因为这三项都不接介词in

5标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] insists on 坚持

[B] sums up 总结

[C] turns out 证明是

[D] puts forward 提出

【答案解析】:本句前后的意思是“事实证明,高智商是要付出代价的”因此结合句意选择C

6标准答案【A】

【答案解析】:“off the starting line”是一个固定搭配,意思是“离开起跑线”

7标准答案【D】

【选项解析】:

[A] incredible 难以置信的

[B] spontaneous 自发的

[C] inevitable 不可避免的

[D] gradual 渐进的

【答案解析】:本句表达的是“学习是一个渐进的过程”,因此D选项最为合适。另外需要引起注意的是BD两项构成了相反的意思,因此答案很可能隐藏在其中。这是出题者常用的混淆视听的手段。

8标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] fight 斗争

[B] doubt 怀疑

[C] stop 停止

[D] think 思考

【答案解析】:本段要表达的是高智商需要付出代价,而很多的物种都会学习,所以他们学会的是知道什么时候要停止。与第一段的灯泡的例子呼应。因此根据句意选择C

9标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

[A] invisible 看不见的

[B] limited 有限的

[C] indefinite 不确定的

[D] different 不同的

【答案解析】:本文讨论智力高低的问题,所以空格前后的意思是“智力的有限性是否具有适应值呢”,因此同样根据句意,选择B

10标准答案【D】

【选项解析】:

[A] upward 向上

[B] forward 向前

[C] afterward 向后(进程上的)

[D] backward 向后(时间空间上的)

【答案解析】:根据本句后面完成时态知道这是发生在过去的事情。

11标准答案【D】

【选项解析】:

[A] features 特征

[B] influences 影响

[C] results 结果

[D] costs 代价

【答案解析】:此题难度较大,虽然四个词放在空格中都是可以成立的,但是就上下文而言,与“高智力是需要付出代价的”这一主题相呼应就只有D选项了。

12标准答案【B】

【答案解析】:“on the mind of”是固定搭配,做表语或状语,表示“在…心中”,其他介词mind搭配只能构成副词短语,在句中作状语,因此选择B

13标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] deliver 递送

[B] carry 搬运

[C] perform “perform experience”表示做试验,是固定搭配

[D] apply 应用

【答案解析】:C项中“perform experience on humans”表示对人类做试验,符合题意

14标准答案【D】

【选项解析】:

[A] by chance 偶然地

[B] in contrast 相反的

[C] as usual 像往常一样

[D] for instance 例如

【答案解析】:本题是逻辑推理的题目。前一句提到了experience,这句是一个具体的实验,因此选D

15标准答案【A】

【答案解析】:本题是一个考语法的题目,四个选项均是从属连词,并根据空格后的ran和主句中出现的they would test us to 可知,这是表示和现在事实相反的虚拟语气,选项中的if 可以引导虚拟条件句,所以选A Unless(除非)、lest(唯恐),后面should加动词原形表示虚拟语气;as 出现在句首,意思是“正如”,不引导虚拟语气。

16标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] moderate 适中的[B] overcome 克服

[C] determine 确定

[D] reach 达到

【答案解析】:空格所在的动词不定式表明了实验的目的,且所填动词的宾语是limits of our patience,our faithfulness , our memory for locations ,C选项符合句意

17标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

[A] at 强调地点和方向

[B] for 表目的

[C] after 只有与动词搭配时可以表示目的

[D] with 通常表示原因

【答案解析】:本句的意思是:他们会试图判定人类智力的实际用处,因此选B

18标准答案【A】

【选项解析】:

[A] Above all 首先

[B] After all 毕竟

[C] However 然而

[D] Otherwise 否则

【答案解析】:本题是逻辑搭配题,空格所在的句子位于文末,显然有总结的意思,所以排除CD,而B选项带有强烈的让步和补充的意味,因此选A

19标准答案【A】

【选项解析】:

[A] fundamental 基本的

[B] comprehensive 全面的

[C] equivalent 相等的

[D] hostile 敌对的

【答案解析】:四个词都可以修饰Question,而从题意来看,“人类是否真正意识到自己生存的世界”是一个基本的问题。因此选A

20标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] By accident 偶然地

[B] In time 即使

[C] So far 到目前为止

[D] Better still 更好的是

【答案解析】:空格前说“他们希望研究这个问题”,空格后说“结果还不确定”,因此选C

全文翻译

通过对动物智力的研究总是让我好奇人类到底有多聪明。参考Carl Zimmer在《科学时代》上描述的果蝇的实验,得出的结论是:受过教育的果蝇可能比普通果蝇更聪明,但寿命也更短。这也说明了较暗的灯泡亮的更久一些,不那么亮反而成为一种优势。

可以说,智力是一个高代价的选择,它需要更多维护,消耗更多的燃料,并在离开起跑线之后缓慢形成。原因是智力取决于学习(不是本能,而是一种渐进的过程)。许多其他的物种都有学习能力,而其中一项他们显然学过的技能就是什么时候该停下来。

有限的智力有没有一个适应值呢?这是这个新研究背后隐藏的问题。它研究的不是已经死亡的智力物种,而是暗中质问我们智商的真正代价是什么,这问题存在于我们遇到的每一个动物的心中。

研究动物的智力会让我们好奇,如果有可能,动物将在人类身上做什么样的实验。比如每只有主人的猫正在进行小范围的操作性条件反射的研究。我们相信,假如动物掌管实验室,会对我们进行测试,以确定我们的忍耐限度、忠诚度、以及方位感。动物会判断人类智力的用途,而不是多或少。总之,他们会考虑一个很本质的问题:人类真的关心他们居住的世界么?目前为止尚无定论。

2008年Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

5 he, however, might tremble at the

6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only

7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in

8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.

1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased

2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare

3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against

4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately

5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence

6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk

7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects

8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question

9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating

10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total

11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably

12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers

13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve

14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile

15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down

16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing

17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument

18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined

19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed

20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous

答案及分析

1标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

[A] selected 挑选

[B] prepared 准备

[C] obliged 迫使,责成

[D] pleased 高兴的,满足的

【答案解析】:四个动词都可以构成“be + -ed to”的句式:be selected to 是“被选来做…”,be prepared to 是“准备做…”,be obliged to 是“只能…,被迫…”,be pleased to 是“很高兴…”。从后接副词anyway来判断,B选项正好与前文dare not speak its name相对,因此选B。

2标准答案【D】

【选项解析】:

[A] unique 唯一的,独特的

[B] particular 特殊的,独特的

[C] special 特别的,特殊的

[D] rare 稀罕的,珍贵的,少见的

【答案解析】:rare bird 是固定搭配,意为“稀有的人,少见的人”

3标准答案【A】

【答案解析】:independently of 意为“不依赖于,独立”

4标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] subsequently 随后

[B] presently 现在

[C] previously 以前

[D] lately 最近

【答案解析】:由actually 可以看出本句描述的现在和以前对疾病的病因的不同看法,另外,过去分词“thought”做疾病的定语,也意味着过去

5标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] Only 只,仅仅

[B] So 因此

[C] Even 程度副词,表让步

[D] Hence 因此

【答案解析】:even在此表示“即使是他自己也……”恰好和该句中的however一词协调连贯,因而选C

6标准答案【A】

【选项解析】:

[A] thought “at the thought of”是“一想到”的意思

[B] sight “at the sight of”是“一看到”的意思[C] cost “at the cost of”是“以…为代价”的意思

[D] risk “at the risk of”是“冒着…的危险”的意思

【答案解析】:上下文相联系这里应该表达的意思是“一想到他即将要做的事情,即使是他自己也……”,因而选A

7标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

[A] advises 建议

[B] suggests 建议,提出(用于科学研究中)

[C] protests 主张,断言,抗议

[D] objects 反对

【答案解析】:此句正好指科学家们在研讨中的观点,故选B

8标准答案【D】

【选项解析】:

[A] progress “in progress”意为“进行中”

[B] fact “in fact”意为“事实上”

[C] need “in need”意为“在危难中”

[D] question “in question”意为“正在被讨论的”

【答案解析】:前一句正在谈论“group”,本句承接上一句表示“正在被讨论的这个群体”

9标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

[A] attaining 所得到的

[B] scoring 得分

[C] reaching 达到

[D] calculating 计算

【答案解析】:由后文的12-15points可知,此处正在讨论智商得分的事情,score的用法最为恰当。所以选B

10标准答案【C】

【选项解析】:

[A] normal 常态(的),正常(的),标准(的)

[B] common公共的,共同的,普通的,一般的

[C] mean 平均的

[D] total 总的,总共的,总计的

【答案解析】:文中提到这族人的IQ测试得分比100分的平均分高了12-15分,其他三个词语放进来意思不成立。故选C

11标准答案【B】

【选项解析】:

A] unconsciously 无意识地,无意中,不知不觉

[B] disproportionately 不成比例的,不相称的

英语口语常用语句集锦(汇编)

英语口语常用语句集锦 Enough talk! 少废话! Let's fight! 动手吧! We should hang out. 我们该一起出去玩。 Agreed! 同意! There's only one thing that matters. 只有一件事情是重要的! Get up! 起床! You'll be late for work. 你上班要迟到啦! What? 什么? What are you doing up there? 你在那上面干什么呢? Nothing! 没事! Let's go! 我们走吧。 Coming! 我来了! Careful! 小心点! Happy day! 真是个好日子! You don't know how long I've been waiting for this moment. 你不知道我等这一刻已经等了多久了。 This is a sign. 这是个预兆。 You will fulfill your destiny. 你将承担你的使命。 That was just a dream. 那只是个梦而已。 So why didn't you? 那你为什么没有呢?

We all have our place in this world. 在这世界上,我们每个人都有自己的归属。 Well done! 干得不错! If you were trying to disappoint me. 如果你们想让我失望。 He wants to see you. 他想见你。 Is something wrong? 有什么问题? Why must something be wrong for me to want to see my old friend?为什么必须得出事了我才会想见见老朋友? I didn't say that. 我可没这么说。 You were saying? 你想说? I've had a vision. 我有个预感。 That is impossible! 那是不可能的! Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。 We have to do someting. 我们必须做点什么。 The answer becomes clear. 答案变得清晰起来。 It is time. 是时候了。 I don't know. 我不知道。 Where are you going? 你要去哪儿? I was kind of thinking maybe I... 我其实想也许我... Almost there. 就快到了。 Open the door! 开门啊! Let me in! 让我进去!

沪江英语押题六级范文

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【常用搭配】be in government 执政 immense adj.巨大的 immensely adv.极大地 standard n.标准;水平 【词组】high standard 高水平 standard of living 生活水平 【例句】He lives in a nation with a high standard of living. 他生活在一个生活水准较高的国家。 【常用搭配】meet/reach a standard 达到某一标准、水平 【例句】Your recent work has been below standard. 你最近的工作一直低于标准。 【常用搭配】raise/lower a standard 提高/降低标准 【例句】We’re not about to lower our standards just to meet your demands. 我们不会为了满足你的要求降低我们的标准。 【词组】standard English 标准英语 capital n.首都 【例句】Dublin is the capital of Ireland. 都柏林是爱尔兰的首都。 n.资金(不可数) 【例句】The corporation has enough capital to build another factory. 这家公司有足够的资金来兴建另一家工厂。 capitalism n.资本主义 communism n.共产主义 capitalist n.资本家 n.大写字母 capitalize v.把字母大写 【例句】Don’t forget to capitalize the first letter of the sentence. 别忘了大写句子第一个单词的首字母。 【常用搭配】Capitol Hill 美国国会山/the U.S. Congress fantastic adj.极好的;巨大的 【例句】You look fantastic! 你看起来好棒。 【近义词】awesome, great

英国口语常用句式

英国最常用的118个口语 1. Absolutely not. 绝对不是。 2. Are you coming with me? 你跟我一起去吗? 3. Are you sure? 你能肯定吗? 4. As soon as possible. 尽快。 5. Believe me. 相信我。 6. Buy it . 买下来! 7. Call me tomorrow. 明天打电话给我。 8. Can you speak slowly? 请您说得慢些好吗? 9. Come with me. 跟我来。 10. Congratulations. 恭喜恭喜。 11. Do it right! 把它做对。 12. Do you mean it ? 你是当真的吗? 13. Do you see him often? 你经常见到他吗? 14. Do you see it? = Do you understand? 你明白了吗? 15. Do you want it? 你要吗? 16. Do you want something? 你想要些什么? 17. Don’t do it . 不要做。 18. Don’t exaggerate. 不要夸张。 19. Don’t tell me that. 不要告诉我。 20. Give me a hand . 帮我一下。 21. Go right ahead. 一直往前走。 22. Have a good trip. 祝旅途愉快。 23. Have a nice day. 祝你一天过得愉快。 24. Have you finished? 你做完了吗? 25. He doesn’t have time. 他没空。 26. He is on his way. 他现在已经在路上了。 27. How are you doing?你好吗? 28. How long are you staying ? 你要呆多久? 29. I am crazy about her. 我对她着迷了。 30. I am wasting my time . 我在浪费时间。 31. I can do it . 我能做。 32. I can’t believe it . 我简直不能相信。 33. I can’t wait . 我不能再等了。 34. I don’t have time . 我没时间了。

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