step by step 3000 第三册U1-U12答案

Unit 1 World News: International Relations

Part I Warming up

A

Tapescripts:

1.The former American Defense Secretary William Perry has recommended a radical change of policy

towards North Korea.

2.Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United States gathered here in Washington Sunday to

push for tougher gun control laws.

3.There's been further fighting between Macedonian forces and Ethnic Albanian guerrillas inside the

Macedonian border with Kosovo.

4. A bomb dropped by the United State's navy aircraft during training in Kuwait has hit a group of military

observers, killing six of them.

5.NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about the possible health risks from

ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.

B

1. What is the summit's statement expected to call on UN members?

To make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS.

2. Which three countries are admitted by ASEAN on Saturday?

Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.

3. What happened on Friday about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor?

A U. S. nuclear submarine tore through a Japanese fishing vessel, sinking it within minutes.

How many people were on the vessel? And how many were missing? 35/9.

4. What happened in the West Bank and Gaza?

Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen have been raiding overnight.

5. What are the problems with the nuclear facilities and nuclear plants in Japan?

Some nuclear facilities have breached many health and safety laws.

More than half of the nuclear plants failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements. Tapescripts:

1. With the final declaration on its role in the 21st century, the summit's statement is expected to call on UN members to make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS. More than 150 heads of state and government attended the summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history.

2. The Association of South-East Asian Nations has decided to invite Burma to join its ranks, shrugging off western denunciations of the military regime in Rangoon. ASEAN foreign ministers voted on Saturday to admit Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.

3. The missing, four of them teenagers, were among 35 people aboard a high school fishing vessel from Japan. On Friday, a U.S. nuclear submarine tore through the ship, sinking it within minutes. The USS Greenville, which was not seriously damaged, was performing an emergency surfacing drill when the collision occurred about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor. Coast Guard rescue teams plucked all but nine of the victims from the rough seas.

4. Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunman have been raiding overnight in the West Bank and Gaza. The upsurge in violence comes after Israeli attack helicopters targeted and killed a member of an elite Palestinian security force.

5. Some nuclear facilities in Japan have breached many health and safety laws. Government inspectors checked 17 nuclear plants. More than half of them failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements. Japanese nuclear regulators have been ordered to crack down following the country's worst nuclear accident in September. Sixty-nine people were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation in the accident.

Part II News reports

Summary:

This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council.

Statements:

1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.

2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.

3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.

4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members.

Tapescript:

The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.

Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats.

Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.

Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected to two-year terms each year.

B

Summary

This news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.

Answers to the questions:

1. 53

2. 48

3. 3

4. The United States

5. Canada

6. October 18th

7. No more than three days

8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table

9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East Timor

Tapescript:

Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.

The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.

UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped.

"When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."

Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.

This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor. Questions:

1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?

2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?

3. How many of them didn't vote?

4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?

5. Which country abstained?

6. When will the meeting begin?

7. How long will it last?

8. What's the purpose of this meeting?

9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?

What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?

Part III Anti-piracy mission

A

EU’s Nava l Operation

The massive problem: Piracy off Somalia’s waters… 100 ships … 16 ships … more than 350 crew members ….

EU’s mission:

… 6 warships … 3 surveillance planes…

? Aim: To deter, to prevent, to protect …

? Headquarters: Near London

? Duration: At least a year

B

Chinese Navy’s Escort Mission against Piracy

Primary mission: … vessels, personnel and cargo, … hit piracy …

Target: To protect the ship and personnel passing through the area, … transporting humanitarian materials …

Number of crew members:

800 incl. 70 soldiers from the Navy’s special forces

Duration of the first phase: Three months

Time ready to receive protection appeals: Jan. 6

Part IV Speeches

Extract 1 (expressing an opinion): I believe that... I believe we should...

Extract 2 (paying a tribute): He said to those he touched and who sought to touch him ...

Extract 3 (expressing an opinion) -- I have a dream...

Extract 4 (expressing an opinion). America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress.

Extract 5 (accepting a post): I am profoundly grateful ... for giving me the chance to serve you.

(making a promise): I will do everything I can to be worthy of ... I promise you ... that I will ... Tapescript:

1. I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult, or expensive to accomplish... But, in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon. If we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation ... I believe we should go to the moon. (John

F. Kennedy 25/05/1961)

2. As he said many times, in many parts of this nation, to those he touched and who sought to touch him: "Some men see things as they are and say 'Why?' I dream things that never were and say 'Why not?'" (Edward M. Kennedy 08/06/1968)

3. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the State of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. (Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. 28/08/1963)

4. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Particularly at this time, with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. (Richard M. Nixon 08/08/1974)

5. Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will... I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan ... I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York's families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers .... (Hillary Clinton 07/11/2000)

Unit 2 World news:Earth and Environment

Part 1 Warming up

A

1. ...impact of climate change … damage to crops … worse ...

2. ...2000 delega tes … northern Brazil … third United Nations Conference on Desertification.

3. ...A huge oil spill … Mexico, ...

4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week ...

5. ... Greenland is melting around the edges … 50 cubic kilometers … raise global sea l evel ...

B

1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.

2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.

3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.

4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.

5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.

Part II News Reports

A

...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growth

B

Summary

… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.

Answers to the questions

1. 150

2. Monday

3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.

4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.

5. To treat water as a precious resource.

6. 5 liters

7. 50 liters

8. 500 liters

Part III City recycling

A a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1

B

1. 130,000 / 80%

2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers

3. Recycle truck pick it up.

4. One of community’s recycling centers

5. Each weekday

6. Conducts tours of the plant

7. 3 / 4

8. Sod to other companies that make them into different products

9. Made into new containers

10. One of the top five in the USA

Unit 3 World News: Economic Developments

Part I Warming up

A

1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy? Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.

2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?

It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.

3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?

The United States House of Representatives.

4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? Intel

What is its plan?

To reduce its workforce by5,000.

5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?

EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.

The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU.

Tapescript:

1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.

2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.

3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.

4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its 85,000-strong work force by 5,000.

5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of

foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.

B

1.Foreign exchange rates:

1 dollar = 1.733 German marks

= 126.9 Japanese yen

1 pound =1.624 dollars

Share Index

Dow Jones (up to) 6,783 (+45)

London’s 100 (up to) 4,390 (+20)

Nikkie closed

2. Share Index:

Dow Jones 10,116 (+96)

Standrd and Poor’s 500 1,254 (+6)

NASDAQ: (-1.5%)

3. Share Index:

Dow Jones 8,094 ( - 66 )

NASDAQ 1,662 (- 3 )

FT100 ( -36 )

CAC Quarante ( -33, -1% )

DAX ( -1% )

4. Most active stocks:

Cable and Wireless HKT up $ 0.45

HSBC down $ 0.50

Hutchison down $ 0.50

Shanglongkai Property up $ 2.25

China Telecom down $ 1.50

Chang Kong down $ 0.25

Pacific Century Cyberworlds down $ 0.10

CCT Telecom down $ 0.275

New World CyberBase down $ 0.075

Hanong Holdings down $ 0.25

Gold prices:

Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2,670

London gold: US $ 289

5. Earnings:

Philips Electronics (last year): $ 2.4 billion ($ 300 million)

Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter): $ 3.6 billion

Electronic Data Systems (4th quarter): $ 0.70 per share ( $ 0.02 up)

Tapescripts:

1. The dollar is trading at one German mark seventy-three point three and at 126.9 Japanese yen. The pound buys one dollar sixty-two point four. In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6,783. Earlier London's 100 Share Index ended 20 higher at 4,390. In Tokyo, the Nikkei Share Index is closed for a holiday.

2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10,116. The Standard and Poor's 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1,254. But the NASDAQ Index lost 1.5% as high technology and Internet stocks were battered.

3. Right now the Dow is down another 66 points at 8,094; the NASDAQ Composite down 3 points at 1,662. Turning to Europe's major markets: London stocks were hit by a wave of profit taking after five straight record closes; the FT 100 Index down 36 points; Paris seeing losses as well, the CAC quarante down 33 points or 1%; and Frankfurt's DAX also fell 1% after briefly moving into record territory.

4. The Hang Seng Index closed down 89 points at 3,521. The turnover was 7.71 billion dollars. Now look at the ten most active stocks. Cable and Wireless HKT up 45 cents, HSBC holdings down 50 cents, Hutchison down 50 cents, Shanglongkai Property up $2.25, and China Telecom down $1.50, Chang Kong up 25 cents, Pacific Century Cyberworlds down 10 cents, CCT Telecom down 27.5 cents, New World Cyberspace down 7.5 cents, and Hanong Holdings down 25 cents. The Hang Seng Index future for November and December were all down. Hong Kong gold closed at 2,670 Hong Kong dollars, and London gold is trading at 289 U.S.

dollars.

5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourth quarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations.

Part II News reports

A

Summary:

This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.

Answer the questions:

1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.

2 Citigroup

4 HSBC Banking Company

-- BP-Amoco

5 Daimler-Chrysler

1 General Electric Corporation

n Microsoft

3 Bank of America

2. How are the companies ranked?

The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.

3. How are the 100 companies distributed?

46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.

4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list?

Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far.

Tapescripts:

For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world.

The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan.

Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.

B

Summary:

This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.

Statements:

1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.

2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.

3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.

4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.

5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market.

Tapescript:

U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.

The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components. Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.

Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway.

However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.

The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline.

Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better.

"No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."

Part III Voice mail may cost company’s business

A

Jud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): …personalized service…”high service”…getting a recording…efficient…cost effective…

…individual problems….

Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): …a fourth…let out…voice mail system…given up…

Sandy hale (Pacific Bell):… bottom line…costs…more efficient…customer service operations…a valuable tool.

B

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. T

6. F

7. F

8. T

9. T 10. T

C

3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.

4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.

6. V oice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.

7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.

Part IV Business jargon

A

1. …language shorthand….

2. …overuse business jargon…a negative effect…

3. …a low opinion…management jargon…a third…a lack of confidence…one in

five …untrustworthy…cover somethin g up.

4. …an effective boss…can easily understand…of management jargon.

B

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. F

C

1. blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things

2. get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently

3. brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject

4. think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems

5. the helicopter view: an overview

6. a heads up: a warning

7. that’s a real no-brainer: that’s simple

Unit 4 World News: Up in Space

Part I Warming up

A

1. To Mars / March of next year.

2. Because of a mechanical problem.

3. 5 males and 2 females.

4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.

5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.

B

Mir Facts

15 years

the Soviet Union, now Russia

$ 4.2 billion (for building and maintaining)

10 years (1986 — 1996)

135 tons

9,900 cubic feet

63 feet wide and 85 feet long

104 cosmonauts, astronauts

46

438 days

747 days, three

Mar. 23rd,

Part II News reports

A

Summary :

… the smallest and most earth-like extra solar planet.

Answers to questions:

1. About a dozen.

2. Five times the mass of the earth.

3. A red dwarf.

4. Two.

5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 times the mass of the earth.

B

Event : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars

? Starting time: 1996

? Finishing time: 2008

First installment:

? Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander ? Arrival time: 1997

? Mission: To collect and analyze rocks

Second installment:

? Names of spacecrafts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter

? Launch time: December

? Arrival time: Next December

Mission:

a. To inspect for subsurface water

b. To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust and condensates

Grand finale:

? Launch time: 2005

? Return time: 2008

? Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.

Part III Returning to the Moon

Summary:

… UK’s possible collaboration with China on the Chang’e program.

Answers to the questions:

1. Four phases

2. a. robotic spacecraft

b. to return astronauts to the moon

c. to set up a permanent space station

3. Building of scientific instruments by UK

4. Five days

5. Thirteen days

Unit5 New Explorations in Food and Medicine

Part I

A1

1. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.

2. The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

3. The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.

4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes.

A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illness improve their health.

5. The theory and function of acupuncture.

A2

1. A week ago / Par kinson’s disease.

2. A natural defense mechanism

3. The death of brain cells

4. Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits.

5. Side effects / cut back on medication.

Tapescripts:

1. The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr C hristopher Bernard, has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease. A portion of the patient’s adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient’s brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.

2. Approximately a third of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.

3. Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million people around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few year, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.

4. New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughts about a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patient’s psychological needs produces physical health benefits.

5. Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of Qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance ---- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment --- in anesthesia, for example --- it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects/

B

1. Instructions / characteristic / DNA / another / organism / genetically modified organism / genetic engineering

2. Artificial fertilizers / pest control / food / farming / artificial fertilizers / half

3. Genetic material / unrelated / another species / animal /plant / going across

4. Animals / cows, goats and pigs / genetically changed / pharmaceutical drugs / farming

5. Novel / 1797-1851/ scientist / subhuman / destroying / creation that ends up destroying the creator.

Part II（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）

In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.

“Absolutely very super food!” “and I really like the taste of it”

But we’re not just talking about taste. Research now shows that some foods, inclu ding tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil ---- are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that may offer your body great protection against chronic disease

“Including cancer, obesity, heart disease. Vibrantly colored re d, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals.”

Natalie Ledsma is a registered dietician at U. C. S. F. she says compounds found in super foods --- called phytochemicals ---- can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.

One her shoppinglist? Herbs!

“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosemary and thyme, and any intensly colored spice, like turmeric or red pepper.”

“Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties.”

Turmeric many reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies. But not just nay green veggy.

“Brussels sprouts are part of the cruciferous vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolism.”

Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don’t forget the tomato.

“it is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with prostate and potentially lung and breast cancer as well.”

As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamins C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes, mangos and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And

berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid ---- antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.

“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”

Don’t forget the fatty fish or flaxseed ---- both are excellent source of Omega 3 fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy.

“soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially.”

And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart fight cancer, and help with asthma.

B

I. Harvard Medical School

II. Borderline high blood pressure

III. 10 /7

IV. Cardiovascular / by a quarter

Chances of dying from cardiovascular disease falling by 5/1

V. A: no more than 3 grams

B: fast food

C: labels

D: fresh fruit and vegetables

听力原文：

Salt is crucial to our health, but too much of it can put human at risk from high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. Many reports, researchers at Harvard Medical School say the significant reduction in salt intake can cut the chances of heart disease and strokes by a quarter. Here is our health correspondent, Adam Brimelow.

It’s long been known that cutting salt can reduce blood pressure. But there has been much less evidence of what it means for cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The Harvard team followed up people with borderline high blood pressure, who had taken in part in two salt reduction studies, typically cutting intake from 10 to 7 grams a day. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the next decade or so was cut by a quarter compared with those who did not reduce their salt intake. And their chances of dying from cardiovascular disease fell by 5/1. In developed countries such as the United States and the UK, the average adult daily salt intake is about 10 grams. Much of this is already in the food that people buy, including processed foods and bread. Many experts say no one should have more than 3 grams. They say the best way to cut salt, is to get away from fast food, check labels and have plenty of fresh fruit and vegetable. Adam Brimelow reporting.

Part III Medical emergency 911

A

( 3 ) a. How SYSCOM operates

( 4 ) b. Purpose of SYSCOM

( 2 ) c. Treatment by ambulance workers

( 1 ) d. Response to shooting accident

B.

1. What happens in Maryland when there is a serious accident?

2. What response is made to the accident reported to 9117 What does Lieutenant Mike Fahey do?

3. What do the ambulance paramedics do for this patient?

4. What is SYSCOM? What does it do?

5. What is the purpose of this system?

C

1. How does this system help if you have a serious accident?

a. Know where and when an accident happens

b. Immediate action / life-saving care

2. How is this system activated?

By dialing 911

3. Where is your call forwarded?

To fire department's emergency rescue service / then to nearest help / depending on information given 4. In this report, what kind of accident has happened?

Shooting accident

5. Who responds first? How long docs it take to respond?

Paramedic supervisor / 9 min.

6. How docs Lt. Fahey act? What effect docs he have on thepatient?

Deliberately / calmly / calm patient down

7. What condition is the patient in when he is put in the ambulance?

In shock

8. What has everyone agreed to do for this man? Why?

Send him to the regional shock trauma center / center is 6 min. away by land / available / equipped for his injury

9. What is SYSCOM?

Statewide System communication Center

10. What important function docs SYSCOM serve?

Dispatch point for helicopters

11. What can SYSCOM do for paramedics?

Connect them by radio to hospitals and emergency specialists

12. According to Dr R. Adams Cowley, what needs to be done in order to save a person's life?

Stop bleeding and restore blood pressure within an hour of accident

Tapescript 听力原文：

Maryland may be a small state, but it's a major player in developing emergency medical services. There are 49 hospitals that have 24-hour emergency departments. Nine of those hospitals are specially designated shock trauma centers, and there's a sophisticated communication center that links the state's ambulances, helicopters, and the hospitals.

"A serious accident happens. Pre-hospital staff --paramedics, emergency medical technicians--through a sophisticated communication system know where and when the accident happened, and they are summoned immediately to provide the initial, quick, life-saving care."

That's Dr Philip Militello. He's head of trauma surgery for the state system. If you have a serious injury anywhere in Maryland, this system will get you the right treatment with the least delay. What kind of help do

you need? Where's the closest hospital? Should you go by ambulance or by helicopter? The answers to these questions come through sophisticated communications. The system springs into action with a telephone call to 911, your local emergency number anywhere in the state.

"Fire and rescue.”'

If you're injured, your call is forwarded to the fire department's emergency rescue service. Based on the information you give them, they send a radio call for the nearest available help.

"He has been shot. Hold on while I dispatch an ambulance."

A man has shot himself. The nearest available shock trauma ambulance is twenty minutes away. But a paramedic supervisor with some emergency medical equipment in his car responds to the radio call and arrives on the scene within nine minutes. The supervisor, Lieutenant Mike Fahey, is a nationally certified paramedic. He quietly talks to the patient while he bandages the bullet hole. Finding the patient's blood pressure alarmingly low, he immediately starts intravenous blood plasma. His movements are deliberate and his voice is calm.

"Come in. Take control of the situation. Remain calm. Chaos is contagious, and so is the calm that you have. When the patient looks up at you and you're calm, then you're reassuring. Then they calm down."

The paramedic ambulance with advanced life support equipment arrives twelve minutes later, and Fahey's patient is loaded on a stretcher, ready to go. But the patient is in shock. If he stays in shock, he has a poor chance of survival. Inside the ambulance, they start another line of plasma and apply medical anti-shock trousers. Those are rubberized trousers to squeeze the blood from the legs back to the brain and other vital organs. Through radio communication everyone has agreed to send him by ambulance to the regional shock trauma center. It's only six minutes by land; it's available; and the regional center is equipped for his particular injury.

"They're putting on the trousers now. As soon as they get that, they'll be able to start going down the highway. '

"If we can get the patient to the trauma center within twenty minutes, we go by land. If it's going to be longer than twenty minutes, we try to go by air."

Captain Linda Sterling. She's Mike Fahey's boss at the local emergency medical service. When one of her paramedics needs a medevac helicopter, the request goes quickly to the SYSCOM, the statewide System Communication Center. Three large screens dominate the darkened room at SYSCOM. The right screen shows which hospital can take what kind of injury. The center screen shows the location of all medevac helicopters. And the one on the left shows the helicopter landing pad at the main shock trauma center. SYSCOM operations chief Andy Polavski tells us what's happening.

"Part of the operation here is the SYSCOM operation: system communications. They serve as the coordinators of the medevac activity in the state. This is the dispatch point for the State Police helicopters and the U.S. Park Police helicopters."

SYSCOM can also connect by radio any paramedic in the state with any hospital or any emergency specialist. In shock trauma injuries, minutes can mean life or death. Maryland's communication system saves precious time by connecting citizens, ambulances, helicopters, and hospitals. Dr R. Adams Cowley, founder of the system, said, "If I can get you and stop your bleeding and restore your blood pressure within an hour of your accident, then I can probably save your life.

Part IV Keeping the country healthy

Part IV

1. NHS’(英国国民健康保险制度) greater focus on prevention 1. a gimmick

2. a: increased screening 2. proper timetable

e.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer 3. treatment

b: the most vulnerable 4. private healthcare

c: more widely available

听力原文：

It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services, Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, ahs also announced he is planning to make some changes in our heath service.

The crux of Mr. Brown’s proposals are rel ated to giving the NHS（National Health Service）a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.

He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.

Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available fro those who are most vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease, but later on the Prime Minister claims that they will be more widely available. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery, a condition which kills 3,000 men a year.

The opposition have criticized Mr Brown’s proposals, saying that they are just a gimmick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.

The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pa more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare.

Many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care, often because it can be quicker, although the doctors and hospitals are often the same!! NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so people can jump the queue by paying for their operation.

生词：

Brain tissue 迷迭香百里香（麝香）

Natural defense mechanism 姜黄类

Psychological needs 结肠、直肠

Side effect 球芽甘蓝柑橘属科

Medication 石碳酸（苯酚）

Artificial fertilizers / pest control 类黄酮

Material species物种鞣花酸

青葱类亚麻子

Unit 6 Science and Technology

Part I Warming up

A1.

1. This news item is about a kind of new bulletproof vest made of silk.

2. This news item is about research done by American and Japanese researchers to predict severe weather in and around the Indian Ocean.

3. This news item is about a chess match between a world champion and the rest of the world on the Internet.

4. This news item is about the significance of the discovery of the structure of DNA.

5. This news item is about NEC's new robot that talks and under-stands orders.

A2

1. While silk threads may be soft, they can be used to produce a stronger yarn than copper threads.

2. American and Japanese researchers have discovered a strong connection between extreme weather and conditions in the ocean.

3. Visitors to the site have 24 hours to vote on their counter move helped by a team of young chess experts who will suggest strategies.

4. Understanding its code has helped to unlock the mechanics of inherited disease, as well as beneficial biological traits such as intelligence and body strength.

5. The robot from NEC can record and send video mail through the Internet and switch on TVs, VCRs and air conditioners.

Tapescript.

1. Thai silk is known for its beauty and elegance. But a research team has found a new use for it. A bulletproof vest made of silk was put to the test at a shooting range in Thailand. After several rounds of gunfire, the vest was examined. The bullets were stuck in the first layer of fifteen pieces of silk. A member of the research team says while silk threads may be soft, they can be used to produce a stronger yarn than copper threads, the material used in regular bulletproof vests.

2. American and Japanese researchers say they are a step closer to predicting severe weather in and around the Indian Ocean. Researchers have analyzed weather data from the region over the past 40 years and they've discovered a strong connection between extreme weather and conditions in the ocean. A BBC science correspondent says the findings could make it easier to predict droughts or, indeed, periods of heavy rainfall.

3. The world chess champion Garry Kasparov began a match against the rest of the world on the Internet. Kasparov made his first move with a meter-high pawn before an audience of chess fans at a park in New York. The move was immediately posted on a special website set up by the Microsoft corporation. Visitors to the site have 24 hours to vote on their counter move helped by a team of young chess experts who will suggest strategies.

4. Few scientific advances of this or any millennium can rival in significance the discovery of the structure of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Knowledge of the structure of DNA helps explains many things, including genetic mutation and , through it, evolution. Understanding its code has helped to unlock the mechanics of inherited disease, as well as beneficial biological traits such as intelligence and body strength. The discovery of the DNA molecule also paved the way for many of today’s cutting-edge sciences, including genetic engineering, a controversial branch of knowledge that raises new ethical and moral questions that are certain to be with us far into the next millennium.

5. Some say it's hard to find good help these days, but a Japanese electronics firm thinks it's found the answer. It's a robot that talks and understands orders. The robot from NEC can record and send video mail through the Internet and switch on TVs and VCRs. And if it's becoming a bit warm for you, one simple command and the robot will switch on the air conditioner.

B.

2. lightning patronizing

X rays Enthusiatic

Laser Bored

Yeast Friendly / intimate

Friction Loudly but neutral

Recycling Patiently

Tapescript:

1 .... Yes, you see, it's the force of attraction between any two objects. The strength of the force depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them. Er... the most obvious effect is the way objects on the surface of the earth are attracted towards the center of the earth...

2 .... as it comes down it goes relatively slowly 100 to 1,000 miles per hour and you can't see it, but the return stroke goes up from the earth to the cloud and it goes at over 87,000 miles per hour and that's the one you can see, you see, the one that goes back up. It's really just a very large, powerful spark. The distance in miles you are away from it is the time in seconds between it and the sound you hear...

3 .... Well, they were first discovered in 1895 and they can penetrate matter that is opaque to light. Some matter is more transparent to them than others, which means you can see inside somebody. They are actually quite dangerous and people who work with them wear special protective clothing...

4 .... ordinary light consists of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies and phase(s). This is a bundle of waves of the same frequency and phase. You can create the beams from a ruby rod or a tube of carbon dioxide that's stimulated with flashes of ordinary light. The word is an acronym for light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation. Now, does anybody ...

5 .... they're all types of fungus. There are many different kinds of them but the best known are the ones used in cooking and brewing. When they're mixed with sugar they cause the sugar to ferment and two things happen: first carbon dioxide is given off and second alcohol is formed, but when the proportion reaches 12%, it's all killed off naturally...

6 .... in contact with each other, there's a resistance to movement between them. The main reason why we use ball bearings and lubricating oil is to counteract this; the main reason why rubber is used in tires and shoes is to increase the effect of it ...

7 .... No, it's the process whereby materials are used again. Normally, it is cheaper to do this because it's more energy-efficient. On the other hand, one material that's hard to deal with in this way is plastic -- there are so many types that it's very difficult to separate ...

Part II

A:

I．identify, Catalog, map and analyze / 100,000

II. A: a piece of DNA, the basic Molecule of life

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全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节 最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式 新概念英语第三册课文 Lesson1 A puma at large Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered（adj.被困得走投无路的）. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people

毛概期末考试试题及答案

毛概期末考试试题 项选择题（每题1分，共15分） 1、全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的关键在（A ） A、坚持与时俱进 B、坚持党的先进性 C、坚持执政为民 D、坚持党的领导 2、邓小平理论的精髓是（B） A、解放生产力, 发展生产力 B、解放思想, 实事求是 C、坚持四项基本原则 D、“ 三个有利于”标准 3、消灭剥削的物质前提是（B ） A、实行公有制 B、生产力的高度发达 C、实行人民民主专政 D、实行按劳分配 4、我国社会主义初级阶段的时间是指（B） A、中华人民共和国成立到社会主义现代化基本实现 B、社会主义改造基本完成到社会主义现代化基本实现 C、中华人民共和国成立到社会主义改造基本完成 D、社会主义改造基本完成到共产主义社会 5、坚持党的基本路线一百年不动摇的关键是（A ） A、坚持以经济建设为中心不动摇 B、坚持“两手抓, 两手都要硬”的方针不动摇 C、坚持四项基本原则不动摇 D、坚持改革开放不动摇 6、我国社会主义建设的战略目标是（D） A、实现农业、工业、国防和科学技术现代化 B、实现工业化、社会化、市场化、和现代化 C、实现政治、经济和文化的现代化 D、把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家 7、我国的工业化任务还没有完成，总体上看，现在还处于（C） A、农业社会 B、现代化工业社会 C、工业化中期阶段 D、工业化高级阶段 8、实现全面建设小康社会的目标重点和难点在（D） A、大城市 B、中等城市 C、小城镇 D、农村 9、实行以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，是党在农村的基本政策，必须长期坚持。稳定和完善这一双层经营体制的关键和核心是（A ）A、稳定和完善土地承包关系B、完善农村所有制结构 C、尊重农民的首创精神 D、发展规模经济 10、改革开放以来，对社会主义可以实行市场经济在理论认识上重大突破是（D ） A、市场经济是法治经济 B、市场对资源配置起基础性作用 C、市场经济是国家宏观调控的经济 D、市场经济不属于社会基本制度的范畴 11、社会主义市场经济条件下，市场机制（A ） A、对资源配置起基础性作用 B、能确保经济总量的平衡 C、可以实现经济结构的平衡 D、可以保障社会公平 12、私营经济中的劳动者的收入属于（C）

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10. A violent destructive whirling wind / of short duration 11. 74 mph / in the Pacific Ocean 12. A period of dryness / prevents their successful growth 13. A body of water / normally dry land 14. a wildfire or an uncontrolled fire Suicide bomber C 10.6.8 a bomb explosion in Algiers / in a market area 10.6.9 ocean storm / the Pacific coast of Mexico 10.6.10 the cause of a crash of a passenger p lane / All 143 people / Wednesday 10.6.11 Austrians / the 38 people / at ski area 10.6.12 the hijacker / released his remaining hostages and surrendered to police 10.6.13 Japanese / the nuclear reaction / has stopped 10.6.14 victims of a train accident / 189 / Thursday / 250