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网上学习系统设计与实现--外文翻译

网上学习系统设计与实现--外文翻译
网上学习系统设计与实现--外文翻译

本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译

太阳能光伏设计方案

前言 太阳能光伏发电是新能源和可再生能源的重要组成部分,由于它集开发利用绿色可再生能源、改善生态环境、改善人民生活条件于一体,被认为是当今世界上最有发展前景的新能源技术,因而越来越受到人们的青睐。随着世界光伏市场需求持续高速增长、我国《可再生能源法》的颁布实施以及我国光伏企业在国际光伏市场上举足轻重的良好表现,我国光伏技术应用呈现了前所未有的快速增长的态势并表现出强大的生命力。它的广泛应用是保护生态环境、走经济社会可持续发展的必由之路。 太阳能发电的利用通常有两种方式,一种是将太阳能发电系统所发出的电力输送到电网中供给其他负载使用,而在需要用电的时候则从电网中获取电能,称谓并网发电方式。另一种是依靠蓄电池来进行能量存储的所谓独立发电方式,它主要用于因架设线路困难市电无法到达的场合,应用十分广泛。

1.项目概况 1.1项目背景及意义 本项目拟先设计一个独立系统,安装在客户工厂的屋顶上,用于演示光伏阵列采取跟踪模式和固定模式时发电的情况,待客户参考后再设计一套发电量更大的系统,向工厂提供生产生活用电。本系统建成后将为客户产品做出很好的宣传,系统会直观的显示采用跟踪系统后发电总量的提升情况。 1.2光伏发电系统的要求 因本系统仅是一个参考项目,所以这里就只设计一个2.88kWp的小型系统,平均每天发电5.5kWh,可供一个1kW的负载工作5.5小时。 2.系统方案 2.1现场资源和环境条件 江阴市位于北纬31°40’34”至31°57’36”,东经119°至120°34’30”。气候为亚热带北纬湿润季风区,冬季干冷多晴,夏季湿热雷雨。年降水量1041.6毫米,年平均气温15.2℃。具有气候温和、雨量充沛、四季分明等特点。其中4月-10月平均温度在10℃以上,最冷为1月份,平均温度2.5℃;最热月7月份,平均温度27.6℃。

机械专业毕业论文外文翻译

附录一英文科技文献翻译 英文原文: Experimental investigation of laser surface textured parallel thrust bearings Performance enhancements by laser surface texturing (LST) of parallel-thrust bearings is experimentally investigated. Test results are compared with a theoretical model and good correlation is found over the relevant operating conditions. A compari- son of the performance of unidirectional and bi-directional partial-LST bearings with that of a baseline, untextured bearing is presented showing the bene?ts of LST in terms of increased clearance and reduced friction. KEY WORDS: ?uid ?lm bearings, slider bearings, surface texturing 1. Introduction The classical theory of hydrodynamic lubrication yields linear (Couette) velocity distribution with zero pressure gradients between smooth parallel surfaces under steady-state sliding. This results in an unstable hydrodynamic ?lm that would collapse under any external force acting normal to the surfaces. However, experience shows that stable lubricating ?lms can develop between parallel sliding surfaces, generally because of some mechanism that relaxes one or more of the assumptions of the classical theory. A stable ?uid ?lm with su?cient load-carrying capacity in parallel sliding surfaces can be obtained, for example, with macro or micro surface structure of di?erent types. These include waviness [1] and protruding microasperities [2–4]. A good literature review on the subject can be found in Ref. [5]. More recently, laser surface texturing (LST) [6–8], as well as inlet roughening by longitudinal or transverse grooves [9] were suggested to provide load capacity in parallel sliding. The inlet roughness concept of Tonder [9] is based on ??e?ective clearance‘‘ reduction in the sliding direction and in this respect it is identical to the par- tial-LST concept described in ref. [10] for generating hydrostatic e?ect in high-pressure mechanical seals. Very recently Wang et al. [11] demonstrated experimentally a doubling of the load-carrying capacity for the surface- texture design by reactive ion etching of SiC

毕业论文外文文献翻译-数据库管理系统的介绍

数据库管理系统的介绍 Raghu Ramakrishnan1 数据库(database,有时拼作data base)又称为电子数据库,是专门组织起来的一组数据或信息,其目的是为了便于计算机快速查询及检索。数据库的结构是专门设计的,在各种数据处理操作命令的支持下,可以简化数据的存储,检索,修改和删除。数据库可以存储在磁盘,磁带,光盘或其他辅助存储设备上。 数据库由一个或一套文件组成,其中的信息可以分解为记录,每一记录又包含一个或多个字段(或称为域)。字段是数据存取的基本单位。数据库用于描述实体,其中的一个字段通常表示与实体的某一属性相关的信息。通过关键字以及各种分类(排序)命令,用户可以对多条记录的字段进行查询,重新整理,分组或选择,以实体对某一类数据的检索,也可以生成报表。 所有数据库(最简单的除外)中都有复杂的数据关系及其链接。处理与创建,访问以及维护数据库记录有关的复杂任务的系统软件包叫做数据库管理系统(DBMS)。DBMS软件包中的程序在数据库与其用户间建立接口。(这些用户可以是应用程序员,管理员及其他需要信息的人员和各种操作系统程序)。 DBMS可组织,处理和表示从数据库中选出的数据元。该功能使决策者能搜索,探查和查询数据库的内容,从而对在正规报告中没有的,不再出现的且无法预料的问题做出回答。这些问题最初可能是模糊的并且(或者)是定义不恰当的,但是人们可以浏览数据库直到获得所需的信息。简言之,DBMS将“管理”存储的数据项,并从公共数据库中汇集所需的数据项以回答非程序员的询问。 DBMS由3个主要部分组成:(1)存储子系统,用来存储和检索文件中的数据;(2)建模和操作子系统,提供组织数据以及添加,删除,维护,更新数据的方法;(3)用户和DBMS之间的接口。在提高数据库管理系统的价值和有效性方面正在展现以下一些重要发展趋势; 1.管理人员需要最新的信息以做出有效的决策。 2.客户需要越来越复杂的信息服务以及更多的有关其订单,发票和账号的当前信息。 3.用户发现他们可以使用传统的程序设计语言,在很短的一段时间内用数据1Database Management Systems( 3th Edition ),Wiley ,2004, 5-12

电气工程及其自动化专业光伏单相逆变器并网控制技术研究 开题报告 文献综述 外文翻译

摘要 随着“绿色环保”概念的提出,以解决电力紧张,环境污染等问题为目的的新能源利用方案得到了迅速的推广,这使得研究可再生能源回馈电网技术具有了十分重要的现实意义。如何可靠地、高质量地向电网输送功率是一个重要的问题,因此在可再生能源并网发电系统中起电能变换作用的逆变器成为了研究的一个热点。 本文以全桥逆变器为对象,详细论述了基于双电流环控制的逆变器并网系统的工作原理,推导了控制方程。内环通过控制LCL滤波中的电容电流,外环控制滤波后的网侧电流。大功率并网逆变器的开关频率相对较低,相对于传统的L 型或LC 型滤波器,并网逆变器采用LCL 型输出滤波器具有输出电流谐波小,滤波器体积小的优点,在此基础上本系统设计了LCL滤波器。本文分析比较了单相逆变器并网采用单闭环和双闭环两种控制策略下的并网电流,并对突加扰动情况下系统动态变化进行了分析。 在完成并网控制系统理论分析的基础上,本文设计并制作了基于TMS320LF2407DSP的数字化控制硬件实验系统,包括DSP 外围电路、模拟量采样及调理电路、隔离驱动电路、保护电路和辅助电源等,最后通过MATLAB仿真软件进行验证理论的可行性,实现功率因数为1的并网要求。 关键词并网逆变器;LCL滤波器;双电流环控制;DSP

Abstract With the concept of”Green and Environmental Protection”was proposed.All kinds of new energy exploitation program are in the rapid promotion,which is in order to solve the power shortage,pollution and other issues.It makes exploring renewable energy feedback the grid technology has a very important practical significance.How to deliver power into the grid reliably and quality is an important problem,the inverter mat Can transform the electrical energy in the system of the renewable resource to be fed into the grid is becoming one of the hot points in intemational research. Based on the bridge inverter the analysis of the working principle and the deduction of the control equation have been presented. The strategy integrates an outer loop grid current regulator with capacitor current regulation to stabilize the system. The current regulation is used for the outer grid current control loop. The frequency of switching is slower in the high power grid-connected inverter. Compared with tradition type L or type LC, output filter and output current’s THD of type LCL are all smaller.So on this basis, the system uses the LCL filter. This paper compares the net current of the single-phase inverter and net single loop and double loop under two control strategies, and the case of sudden disturbance of the dynamic change of the system. In complete control system on the basis of theoretical analysis, design and production of this article is based on TMS320LF2407DSP’s digital control hardware test system, including the DSP external circuit, analog sampling and conditioning circuit, isolation, driver circuit, protection circuit and auxiliary power, etc., via MATLAB software to validate the feasibility of the theory.Achieve power factor is 1 and network requirements. Keywords Grid-connected inverter;LCL filter; Double current loop control; DSP

太阳能光伏发电外文翻译

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 系:电气工程学院 专业:电气工程及其自动化专业 姓名:刘哲瑄 外文出处:University of Technology, Mauritius University of Mauritius B SeetanahAJ Khadaroo 学号: 2011316020526 : 附件:1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。

附件1:外文资料翻译译文 太阳能发电技术 ——光伏发电系统控制器 1 太阳能充放电控制器现状 1.1太阳能光伏发电 太阳能作为新能源有着巨大的优势,所以世界各国都在努力研发新技术进行获取比较成熟的是太阳能光伏发电技术。太阳能光伏发电现已成为新能源和可再生能源的重要组成部分,也被认为是当前世界最有发展前景的新能源技术。目前太阳能光伏发电装置已广泛应用于通讯、交通、电力等各个方面。 在进行太阳能光伏发电时,由于一般太阳能极板输出电压不稳定,不能直接将太阳能极板应用于负载,需要将太阳能转变为电能后存储到一定的储能设备中,如铅酸蓄电池。但只有当太阳能光伏发电系统工作过程中保持蓄电池没有过充电,也没有过放电,才能使蓄电池的使用寿命延长,效率也得以提高,因此必须对工作过程加以研究分析而予以控制,这种情况下太阳能充电控制器应运而生。 1.2充电控制器的作用及现状 太阳能充电控制器具备充电控制、过充保护、过放保护、防反接保护及短路保护等一系列功能,解决了这一难题,这样控制器在这个过程中起着枢纽作用,它控制太阳能极板对蓄电池的充电,加快蓄电池的充电速度,延长蓄电池的使用寿命。同时太阳能充放电控制器还控制蓄电池对负载的供电,保护蓄电池和负载电路,避免蓄电池发生过放现象,由此可见,控制器具有举足轻重的作用。 目前市场上有各种各样的太阳能控制器,但这些控制器主要问题对于蓄电池的保护不够充分,不合适的充放电方式容易导致蓄电池的损坏,使蓄电池的使用寿命降低。目前,控制器常用的蓄电池充电法包括三种;恒流充电法、阶段充电法和恒压充电法。但是这些方法由于充电方式单一加上控制策略不够完善,都存在一定的

机械类毕业设计外文翻译

本科毕业论文(设计) 外文翻译 学院:机电工程学院 专业:机械工程及自动化 姓名:高峰 指导教师:李延胜 2011年05 月10日 教育部办公厅 Failure Analysis,Dimensional Determination And

Analysis,Applications Of Cams INTRODUCTION It is absolutely essential that a design engineer know how and why parts fail so that reliable machines that require minimum maintenance can be designed.Sometimes a failure can be serious,such as when a tire blows out on an automobile traveling at high speed.On the other hand,a failure may be no more than a nuisance.An example is the loosening of the radiator hose in an automobile cooling system.The consequence of this latter failure is usually the loss of some radiator coolant,a condition that is readily detected and corrected.The type of load a part absorbs is just as significant as the magnitude.Generally speaking,dynamic loads with direction reversals cause greater difficulty than static loads,and therefore,fatigue strength must be considered.Another concern is whether the material is ductile or brittle.For example,brittle materials are considered to be unacceptable where fatigue is involved. Many people mistakingly interpret the word failure to mean the actual breakage of a part.However,a design engineer must consider a broader understanding of what appreciable deformation occurs.A ductile material,however will deform a large amount prior to rupture.Excessive deformation,without fracture,may cause a machine to fail because the deformed part interferes with a moving second part.Therefore,a part fails(even if it has not physically broken)whenever it no longer fulfills its required function.Sometimes failure may be due to abnormal friction or vibration between two mating parts.Failure also may be due to a phenomenon called creep,which is the plastic flow of a material under load at elevated temperatures.In addition,the actual shape of a part may be responsible for failure.For example,stress concentrations due to sudden changes in contour must be taken into account.Evaluation of stress considerations is especially important when there are dynamic loads with direction reversals and the material is not very ductile. In general,the design engineer must consider all possible modes of failure,which include the following. ——Stress ——Deformation ——Wear ——Corrosion ——Vibration ——Environmental damage ——Loosening of fastening devices

光伏电站 毕业设计 开题报告

毕业设计(论文)开题报告 题目新疆哈密东南山口 50Mwp光伏电站设计 专业电力 班级 学生 指导教师 2015 年

一、毕业设计(论文)课题来源、类型 课题来源:由于本人家乡新疆哈密地区光照条件十分优越,故拟在哈密东南山口地区建一个容量为50Mwp的并网光伏电站,经在网上查阅相应的资料后,已搜到相关设计标准和设计流程,可以作为一个研究课题。 类型:理论研究 二、选题的目的及意义 2.1太阳能的优势 太阳能作为一种新型的绿色可再生能源,与其他新能源相比利用最大,是最理想的可再生能源。因为它具有以下的特点: (1)数量巨大:每年到达地球表面能供人类利用的太阳辐射相当于一颗原子弹爆炸时所发出的能量; (2)时间长久:用之不竭,太阳按目前功率辐射能量其时间约可持续100亿年; (3)普照大地:取之不尽,不需要开采和运输; (4)清洁无污染:无任何物质的排放,既不会留下污染物,也不会向大气中排放废气。 2.2光伏发电的优势 太阳能的开发利用主要有光热利用、光伏利用、光化学利用等三种形式。目前,以太阳能电池技术为核心的太阳能光伏利用成为太阳能开发利用中最重要的应用领域,因为光伏发电具有以下明显优点:

(1)结构简单,体积小且轻。能独立供电的太阳能电池组件和方阵结构都比较简单,输出50W的晶体硅太阳能电池组件,体积约为450mm×985mm×45mm,质量为7kg。 (2)容易安装运输,建设周期短。只要将太阳能电池支撑并面向太阳即可发电,宜于制成小功率移动电源; (3)维护简单,使用方便。如遇风雨天,只需检查太阳电池表面是否被粘污、接线是否可靠、蓄电池电压是否正常即可。大型光伏电站使用计算机控制运行,运行费用很低。 (4)清洁、安全、无噪声。光伏发电本身不向外界排放废物,没有机械噪声,是一种理想的能源。 (5)可靠性高,寿命长,并且应用范围广。晶体硅太阳能电池的寿命可以长达20至35年,在光伏系统中,只要设计合理、选型适当,蓄电池的寿命可以达到10多年;太阳能几乎无处不在,太阳能电池在中国大部分范围内都能作为独立的电源。 2.3阳能开发潜力 在中国,太阳能资源较好的地区占国土面积2/3以上,主要集中在西部地区,尤其是西北和青藏高原,年平均日照在2200小时以上,中国陆地每年接收的太阳辐射量约合24000亿吨标准煤。太阳能发电虽受昼夜、晴雨、季节的影响,但可以分散的进行,所以它适于各家各户分别进行发电,而且可以连接到供电网络上,使得各个家庭在电力富裕时可将其卖给电力公司,不足时又可以从电力公司买入。分布式光伏发电并网系统将可能是今后住宅和办公用电的主要模式。太阳能发电有更加激动人心的计划。一

太阳能光伏发电系统(PVsyst运用)

扬州大学能源与动力工程学院本科生课程设计 题目:北京市发电系统设计 课程:太阳能光伏发电系统设计 专业:电气工程及其自动化 班级:电气0703 姓名:严小波 指导教师:夏扬 完成日期: 2011年3月11日

目录 1光伏软件Meteonorm和PVsyst的介绍---------------------------------------------3 1.1 Meteonorm--------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.2 PVsyst-------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 2中国北京市光照辐射气象资料-------------------------------------------------------11 3独立光伏系统设计----------------------------------------------------------------------13 3.1负载计算(功率1kw,2kw,3kw,4kw,5kw)-----------------------------13 3.2蓄电池容量设计(电压:24V,48V)----------------------------------------13 3.3太阳能电池板容量设计,倾角设计--------------------------------------------13 3.4太阳能电池板安装间隔计算及作图。-----------------------------------------16 3.5逆变器选型--------------------------------------------------------------------------17 3.6控制器选型--------------------------------------------------------------------------17 3.7系统发电量预估--------------------------------------------------------------------18

机械类毕业设计外文文献翻译

沈阳工业大学工程学院 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 毕业设计(论文)题目:工具盒盖注塑模具设计 外文题目:Friction , Lubrication of Bearing 译文题目:轴承的摩擦与润滑 系(部):机械系 专业班级:机械设计制造及其自动化0801 学生姓名:王宝帅 指导教师:魏晓波 2010年10 月15 日

外文文献原文: Friction , Lubrication of Bearing In many of the problem thus far , the student has been asked to disregard or neglect friction . Actually , friction is present to some degree whenever two parts are in contact and move on each other. The term friction refers to the resistance of two or more parts to movement. Friction is harmful or valuable depending upon where it occurs. friction is necessary for fastening devices such as screws and rivets which depend upon friction to hold the fastener and the parts together. Belt drivers, brakes, and tires are additional applications where friction is necessary. The friction of moving parts in a machine is harmful because it reduces the mechanical advantage of the device. The heat produced by friction is lost energy because no work takes place. Also , greater power is required to overcome the increased friction. Heat is destructive in that it causes expansion. Expansion may cause a bearing or sliding surface to fit tighter. If a great enough pressure builds up because made from low temperature materials may melt. There are three types of friction which must be overcome in moving parts: (1)starting, (2)sliding, and(3)rolling. Starting friction is the friction between two solids that tend to resist movement. When two parts are at a state of rest, the surface irregularities of both parts tend to interlock and form a wedging action. To produce motion in these parts, the wedge-shaped peaks and valleys of the stationary surfaces must be made to slide out and over each other. The rougher the two surfaces, the greater is starting friction resulting from their movement . Since there is usually no fixed pattern between the peaks and valleys of two mating parts, the irregularities do not interlock once the parts are in motion but slide over each other. The friction of the two surfaces is known as sliding friction. As shown in figure ,starting friction is always greater than sliding friction . Rolling friction occurs when roller devces are subjected to tremendous stress which cause the parts to change shape or deform. Under these conditions, the material in front of a roller tends to pile up and forces the object to roll slightly uphill. This changing of shape , known as deformation, causes a movement of molecules. As a result ,heat is produced from the added energy required to keep the parts turning and overcome friction. The friction caused by the wedging action of surface irregularities can be overcome

房地产信息管理系统的设计与实现 外文翻译

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(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文对照外文翻译 Design of a Lead-Acid Battery Charging and Protecting IC in Photovoltaic System 1.Introduction Solar energy as an inexhaustible, inexhaustible source of energy more and more attention. Solar power has become popular in many countries and regions, solar lighting has also been put into use in many cities in China. As a key part of the solar lighting, battery charging and protection is particularly important. Sealed maintenance-free lead-acid battery has a sealed, leak-free, pollution-free, maintenance-free, low-cost, reliable power supply during the entire life of the battery voltage is stable and no maintenance, the need for uninterrupted for the various types

of has wide application in power electronic equipment, and portable instrumentation. Appropriate float voltage, in normal use (to prevent over-discharge, overcharge, over-current), maintenance-free lead-acid battery float life of up to 12 ~ 16 years float voltage deviation of 5% shorten the life of 1/2. Thus, the charge has a major impact on this type of battery life. Photovoltaic, battery does not need regular maintenance, the correct charge and reasonable protection, can effectively extend battery life. Charging and protection IC is the separation of the occupied area and the peripheral circuit complexity. Currently, the market has not yet real, charged with the protection function is integrated on a single chip. For this problem, design a set of battery charging and protection functions in one IC is very necessary. 2.System design and considerations The system mainly includes two parts: the battery charger module and the protection module. Of great significance for the battery as standby power use of the occasion, It can ensure that the external power supply to the battery-powered, but also in the battery overcharge, over-current and an external power supply is disconnected the battery is to put the state to provide protection, the charge and protection rolled into one to make the circuit to simplify and reduce valuable product waste of resources. Figure 1 is a specific application of this Ic in the photovoltaic power generation system, but also the source of this design. Figure1 Photovoltaic circuit system block diagram Maintenance-free lead-acid battery life is usually the cycle life and float life factors affecting the life of the battery charge rate, discharge rate, and float voltage. Some manufacturers said that if the overcharge protection circuit, the charging rate can be achieved even more than 2C (C is the rated capacity of the battery), battery manufacturers recommend charging rate of C/20 ~ C/3. Battery voltage and temperature, the temperature is increased by 1 °C, single cell battery voltage drops 4 mV , negative temperature coefficient of -4 mV / ° C means that the battery float voltage. Ordinary charger for the best working condition at 25 °C; charge less than the ambient temperature of 0 °C; at 45 °C may shorten the battery life due to severe overcharge. To make the battery to extend the working life, have a certain solar battery array Charge controller controller Discharge controller DC load accumulator

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