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浅谈英文诗歌的意象

浅谈英文诗歌的意象
浅谈英文诗歌的意象

浅谈英文诗歌的意象

王红莉

(泸州职业技术学院外语系,四川泸州646005)

摘要本文通过分析英诗语言的特征——意象,阐明了在英诗学习过程中,只有从意象着手,弄清其功能和作用,才能领悟诗人的意图,达到欣赏的目的。

关键词英诗;语言;意象

诗是一个民族在语言和文学方面的最高精华。文艺复兴时期英国诗人托马斯?那什曾对诗作过高度的概括和描述:“诗是百花之蜜,一切学问的精髓,智慧的本质,天使的语言。”麦修?阿诺德则说:“诗乃人心之精髓;诗人正视生活,并观其全貌;所以要了解特定时代的精神,须从当时的诗歌中寻觅。”

在英国历史上,自盎格鲁?撒克逊时代的民族史诗《贝奥武甫》直到18世纪现代小说兴起之前,占主导地位的文学形式实质上就是诗歌,在这漫长的历史时期内,可以毫不夸张地说,“诗”对英国人来说几乎就是“文学”的代名词。英国堪称是一个古老的诗歌之邦,她向世界奉献出了像乔叟、斯宾塞、莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华滋华斯、拜伦、雪莱等这样伟大的诗人。在伊丽莎白时代,英诗的发展达到了高峰,就连莎士比亚和琼生的戏剧都无一不具有一个人新的高峰。英诗不仅是英语民族的优秀文化遗产,也是世界文学宝库中的一颗璀璨的明珠。

英诗的魅力不仅在于它的语言,它的韵律,更重要的是通过诗歌表现出来的诗人所特有的民族精神的内涵。无论遵守格律或自由发挥,诗人们往往灵活地运用明喻或隐喻、转喻,象征和意象,联想与暗示,以及排比、对照、反衬、偶句和双关语等技巧。本文拟通过实例分析来着重谈谈意象在英诗中的重要特征和作用。

那么什么是意象呢?意象(image)是诗歌的

灵魂,即用具体的形象来表现人们的理智和情感方面的体验,对读者的感官产生作用,使他们得到明确的感受。正如英国伟大诗人华滋华斯所说的“诗是强烈情感的自然流露”。他认为诗歌的源泉不是来自于外部,而是来自于心灵,是通过丰富的想象力和大量运用意象来实现的。

意象派的重要代表人物之一庞德给意象下的定义是“在一刹那的时间里表现出一个理智和情绪复合物的东西。”庞德还说:“意象主义的要点,就是不把意象用于装饰。意象本身就是语言,意象是超越公式化了的语言的道。”庞德在《关于意象主义》中进一步阐述了“复合物”这一概念:“意象可能有两种。意象可以在大脑中升起,那么意象就是‘主观的’。或许外界的因素影响大脑;如果如此,它们被吸收进大脑熔化了,转变了,又以与它们不同的一个意象出现。其次,意象可以是‘客观的’。攫住某些外部场景或行为的情感,事实上把意象带进了头脑;而那个旋涡(中心)又去掉枝叶,只剩那些本质的、或主要的、或戏剧性的特点,于是意象仿佛那外部的原物似地出现了。在这两种情况中,意象都不仅仅是思想它是旋涡一般的或集结在一起的熔化了的思想,而且充满了能量。如果不能满足这些条件,它就不是我所称谓的意象。”

裘小龙先生说:“按照庞德给意象派和象征派下的定义,大致可以做这样的区分:象征派诗人创作时,写的是a象征的是b,这也就是说诗人心中

作者简介:王红莉(1963 66

是有底的:但意象派诗人创作时,呈现的是一个意象,其中有多少象征或思想,诗人自己也说不上来。这样,读者就必须自己走入诗中去理解。

英诗中意象的种类很多,有听觉意象(audi-tory image)、视觉意象(visual image)、触觉意象(tactile image)、嗅觉意象(olfactory image)、味觉意象(gustatory image)、动觉意象(kinaesthetic im-age)以及抽象意象(abstract image)等。因此我们在英诗学习中,要从意象入手,才能领会诗人的意图,进入诗的意境,在深层次上和高度上理解英诗,达到欣赏的目的。下面从两个方面探讨和论述意象的重要特征。

意象的第一个重要特征是:它作用于我们的感官,给我们诸多示意,架起我们和诗人之间相通的桥梁,使我们在意象的指引下,迅速进入意境,陶醉在诗情画意之中。下面请欣赏英国诗人托马斯?那什(Thomas Nash,1567—1601)所写的一首描写春天的诗——Spring,the Sweet Spring。该诗表现了诗人对田园风光的赞美。

Spring,the Sweet Spring

Spring,the Sweet Spring,is the year’s pleasant king.

Then blooms each thing,then maids dance in a ring,

Cold doth not sting,the pretty birds do sing:

Cuckoo,jug—jug,pu—we,to—witta—woo!

The palm and may make country houses gay,

Lambs frisk and play,the shepherds pipe all day,

And we hear aye bird tune this merry lay:

Cuckoo,jug—jug,pu—we,to—witta—woo!

The fields breathe sweet,the daisies kiss our feet,

Young lovers meet,old wives a—sunning sit,

In every street these tunes our ears do greet:

Cuckoo,jug—jug,pu—we,to—witta—woo!

Spring,the Sweet Spring!

在这三节诗中,我们不难发现多种意象:春天,“甘美的”(sweet)春天,一年中的欢乐之王,百花“齐放”(bloom),少女围舞(dance in ring)欢畅。春暖花开,百鸟“齐鸣(do sing)。棕榈秀美,山渣飘香,农舍“喜气洋洋”(make—gay),羔羊“嬉戏”(frisk and play),牧笛(shepherds pipe)悠扬,莺雀唱和,妙曲欢歌优美。田野“四处飘香”(breathe-sweet),情人“约会”(meet),老妪“闲坐晒太阳”(a —sunning sit),条条街巷皆闻“悦耳歌声”(these tunes our ears do greet)。这给我们一系列的动觉和触觉意象。“sweet”又使我们想到了甜美的花香,既是嗅觉意象,又是味觉意象。“Cuckoo,jug —jug,pu—we,to—witta—woo!”一行全由拟声词构成,模仿各种禽鸟的叫声——布谷鸟的cuckoo (咕咕),夜莺的jug—jug(啾啾),麦头凤鸡的pu—we(扑—喂)以及猫头鹰的to—witta—woo(托—威托—呜),汇成了一曲百鸟齐鸣的春天交响乐,给人以动觉和听觉的意象。这些拟声词的反复出现,烘托了气氛。这首诗汇集了视觉、听觉‘触觉、动觉、味觉和嗅觉的六种意象,这些意象完美地结合在一起便构成了一幅春回大地、鸟语花香、人蓄兴旺的和谐画卷。

文学创作必须运用形象思维(也要通过逻辑思维),写诗尤其如此。所以,诗的特征是以形象化手段,如我国历来诗论中阐述的比兴,西方文论中剖析的意象、象征、比喻等,加上排偶、对比、转折与衬托等修辞手法,构成美妙的意境。

意象的第二个特征是:通过明喻(simile)、暗喻(metaphor)、拟人(personification)、夸张(hy-perbole)和象征(symbolism)等修辞手法体现出来。如托马斯?坎皮恩(Thomas Campion, 1567-1620)写的《樱桃熟了》。

Cherry一Ripe

There is a garden in her face

Where roses and white lilies blow;

Where in all pleasant fruits do glow;

There cherries grow which none may buy,

Till Cherry一Ripe themselves do cry.

Those cherries fairly do enclose

Of orient pearl a double row,

Which when her lovely laughter shows,

They look like rose一buds filled with snow:

Yet them nor peer nor prince can buy,

Till Cherry一Ripe themselves do cry.

Her eyes like angels watch them still;

Her brows like bended bows do stand,

Threatening with piercing rows to kill

All that approach with eye or hand

Those sacred cherries to come night,

泸州职业技术学院学报2010年第4期

Till Cherry一Ripe themselves do cry!

这首诗多处运用了明喻、暗喻和拟人。“她的脸上有一座花园(garden),玫瑰(roses)和百合(lilies)争奇斗艳;那里是个美丽的天堂,硕果累累,四处飘香”——这里用“”(garden)花园暗喻姑娘的美好面容,显示出她的美丽和圣洁;用“roses”(玫瑰)暗喻姑娘红润的双颊;用“white lilies”(洁白的百合)暗喻姑娘白皙的肤色。诗人还用“cherries”(樱桃)暗喻姑娘的朱唇;“pearl”(珍珠)暗喻姑娘的“皓齿”;“rose一buds filled with snow”(挂满白雪的玫瑰花蕾)喻指满含皓齿的“红唇”。“Her eyes like angels watch them still。Her brows like bended bows do stand”(她的眼睛像天使护卫樱桃,她的眉毛像弯弓站立防守)皆为明喻,形容姑娘的美丽、圣洁、高贵和尊严是神圣不可侵犯的;“Till Cherry一Ripe them-selves do cry”为拟人手法,反复使用,增加了修辞效果。

再看英国著名诗人波西?比希?雪莱()的一首著名的抒情诗《云雀颂》:

To a Skylark

Hail to thee,blithe Spirit!

Bird thou never wert,

That from heaven,or near it,

Pourest thy full heart

In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.

Higher still and higher

From the earth thou sprongest

Like a cloud of fire;

The blue deep thou wingest,

And singing still dost soar,and soaring ever singest.

In the golden lightning

Of the sunken sun,

Over which clouds are brightening,

Thou dost float and run,

Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.

The pale purple ever

Melts aroud thy flight;

Like a star of heaven

In the broad daylight

Thou art unseen,but yet I hear thy shrill delight:

Like a poet hidden

In the light of thought,

Singing tymns unbidden,

Till the world is wrought

To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not---

此诗写于1820年,通过对云雀的赞美,点明了全诗的中心,即“理想的诗人像云雀”这一主题。雪莱夫人曾为此诗作注说:“春季时,我们在来亨(Leghorn)附近过了一两星期,借了朋友的房子,他们都到英国旅行去了。那是一个美丽的夜晚,我们漫步在小巷之间,小巷里用桃金娘编成的围篱上栖息着许多萤火虫,这时我们听见了云雀的啼啭。这就激发他写下了最优美的诗篇之一。”

该诗的第一节:“祝你长生,欢快的精灵!/谁说你只是只飞禽?/你从天庭,或天庭附近,/以酣畅淋漓的乐意,/不事雕琢的艺术,倾吐你的衷心。”这里的Pourest是pour的古体,意为“倾泻”,诗人用水的意象形容云雀歌声的流畅和自如。在第二节,诗人用大连大量的篇幅描绘云雀。“Hig-her still and higher”是描绘云雀边唱边飞,向高空腾飞。对它的歌声与飞行的描绘是一致的,因为它既象征诗人的灵感,又象征对理想的追求;“Like a cloud of fire”是明喻,喻指云雀像一团烈火般的轻云,掠过蔚蓝的天际。第三节里的“Like an unbodied joy”也是明喻,喻指云雀在明亮的云间飞行,似无形的喜悦开始迅疾的远征。第四节里的“Like a star”也是明喻,喻指云雀像星星。星星是超然的象征。云雀像星星,也就像天使。第五节里的“Like a poet hidden/In the light of thou-ght”(像一位诗人,隐身在思想的光辉之中)也是明喻,是全诗的中心比喻,即理想的诗人像云雀。

雪莱在《诗辩》中曾作过类似的表述:“A poet is like a nightingale who sits in darkness and sings to cheer its own solitude with sweet sounds.”(诗人像一只夜莺,栖息在黑暗之中,用甜蜜的音乐来慰籍自己的孤寂。)雪莱倾向于从艺术和哲学的角度来描写云雀。本诗用云雀象征诗人的灵感和对理想的追求。而云雀又是永恒的象征,它的歌声传送着永恒的信息。小小的云雀象征着与宇宙的创造力合一的诗人。诗人既能歌颂有破坏力的“西风”,也能赞美欢乐的精灵“云雀”。诗人雪莱就像他所歌唱的“云雀”一样,唱着欢乐的歌曲,义无返

2010年第4期

浅谈英文诗歌的意象

顾地飞向他所向往的天空。

通常,诗歌语言的意象把一个人们所熟悉的事物与一种富有哲理的、抽象的概念联系在一起,使人们能够透过意象领悟诗歌语言的真正内涵。例如:常用dove (鸽子)象征“和平”,eagle (鹰)象征“威力”,wolf (狼)象征“残暴”,sheep (羊)象征“温顺”,lion (狮子)象征“勇气和力量”,rose (玫瑰)象

征“美丽”,lily (百合花)象征“纯洁”。

通过以上两个方面的探讨,我们可以看到意象是英诗语言的重要特征,同时又是英诗语言的灵魂,离开了这些重要特征,诗将不成诗,就失去了灵魂。因此我们要全面地深层次地理解英诗,就必须从意象着手,才能领悟诗人的意图,达到欣赏的目的。

Abstract:This paper analyzes the characters of English poems---images and illuminates that we must

make clear the function and the effect from the images so as to realize the intention of the poets and reach the purpose of enjoyment.

Key words:English poems;languages;images

参考文献:

[1]彼得?斯.意象派诗选(M ).裘小龙,译.桂林:漓江出版社,1986.

[2]江冰华.英美名诗选译(M ).西安:陕西人民出版社,1984.

[3]Evans,Ifor.A Short History of English Literature (M ).Nicholas &Company Ltd,1978.[4]查良铮.雪莱抒情诗选(M ).北京:人民文学出版社,1982.[5]王佐良,丁往道.英语文体学引论(M ).北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1993.[6]胡家峦.英语诗歌精品(M ).北京:北京大学出版社,1995.[7]孙梁.英国名诗一百首(M ).北京:中国对外翻译出版社,1990.[8]刘炳善,陆佩弦.英国文学简史(M ).上海:上海外语教育出版社,1981.

泸州职业技术学院学报

2010年第4期Negotaition-Indispensable Ability to Exploit Living Space

Mu Lan

(Humanities and Social Sciences Department,Luzhou V ocational Technical College,

Luzhou,Sichuan,646005)

Abstract:In the competitive 21century one has to be able to deal with problems and troubles,to communicate

with others to be successful.Our business depends on our communicative techniques.We have to focus our attention to negotiation to exploit our living space.The understanding of the communicative principles and different communicative levels and the mastery of communicative techniques will ensure us to establish good relation with people around us so that we could create a harmounius and civilized society.

Key words:negotiation;level;technique;ability

(上接第76页)

英文诗歌赏析

英文诗歌赏析安全B103班 峥 201010044323

Anaiysis on the poem of------ The most distant way in the world Poet:Tagore The most distant way in the world is not the way from birth to the end. It is when I sit near you that you don’t understand I lov e you. The most distant way in the world is not that you’re not sure I love you. It is when my love is bewildering the soul but I can’t speak it out The most distant way in the world is not that I can’t say I love you. It is after looking into my heart I can’t change my love. The most distant way in the world is not that I’m loving you. It is in our love we are keeping between the distance. The most distant way inthe world is not the distance across us. It is when we’re breaking through the way we deny the existance of love. So the most distant way in the world is not in two distant trees. It is the same rooted branches can’t enjoy the co-existance. So the most distant way in the world is not in the being sepearated branches. It is in the blinking stars they can’t burn the light.

(完整版)英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)

The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry 1.What is poetry? ?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language. ?“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.” ?“Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.” ?Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty. ?Poetry is the image of man and nature. ?“诗言志,歌咏言。” ---《虞书》 ?“诗言志之所以也。在心为志,发言为诗。情动于中而行于言,言之不足,则嗟叹之;嗟叹之不足,故咏歌之;咏歌之不足,不知手之舞之,足之蹈之也。情发于声;声成文,谓之音。” ---《诗·大序》 ?“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉,注入了思想与情感,而凝结了形象,终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。” ---艾青:《诗论》 2.The Sound System of English Poetry a. The prosodic features ?Prosody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language. ?Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed. ?Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables. eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /bright In the /forest /of the/ night, What im/mortal /hand or /eye Could frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. Blake Length: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect. eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea, The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. ---Thomas Gray Long vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting. Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry. b. Meter or measure (格律) poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis; Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed and

英语诗歌欣赏(英国)

How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你 – Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你? Let me count the ways. 让我逐一细述。 I love thee to the depth and breadth and height 我爱你之深邃,之宽广,之高远 My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight 尽我的灵魂所能及之处—犹如探求 For the ends of being and ideal grace. 玄冥中神的存在和美好之极。 I love thee to the level of every day’s 我爱你如每日之必需, Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. 阳光下和烛焰前都少不了。 I love thee freely, as men strive for right. 我自由地爱着你,像人们争取他们的权利; I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. 我纯洁地爱着你,如人们在赞美前会垂首。 I love thee with the passion put to use 我爱你,带着我昔日悲伤时的 In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith. 那种激情,童年时的那种诚意; I love thee with a love I seemed to lose

我爱你,抵得上往日对圣者怀有的 With my lost saints. I love thee with the breath, 如今似已消逝的那种爱-我用呼吸, Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose, 用微笑,用眼泪,用我整个生命来爱你! Sonnets from the Portuguese_ No. X 不过只要是爱,是爱,可就是美, Yet, love, mere love, is beautiful indeed 就值得你接受。你知道,爱就是火, And worthy of acceptation. Fire is bright, 火总是光明的,不问着火的是庙堂 Let temple burn, or flax. And equal light 或者柴堆--那栋梁还是荆榛在烧, Leaps in the flame from cedar-plank or weed. 火焰里总跳得出同样的光辉。当我 And love is fire. And when I say at need 不由得倾吐出:“我爱你!”在你的眼里, _I love thee ... mark! ... _I love thee_ -- in thy sight 那荣耀的瞬息,我忽然成了一尊金身, I stand transfigured, glorified aright, 感觉到有一道新吐的皓光从我天庭 With conscience of the new rays that proceed 投向你脸上。是爱,就无所谓卑下, Out of my face toward thine. There's nothing low 即使是最微贱的在爱:那微贱的生命 In love, when love the lowest: meanest creatures

如何分析英语诗歌

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Would overflow with Pearl Until We met the Solid Town No One He seemed to know And bowing - with a Mighty look At me - The Sea withdrew 【篇二】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 The Wild Swans At Coole William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirror a still sky; Upon the brimming water among the stones Are nine-and-fifty swans. The nineteenth autumn has come upon me Since I first made my count; I saw, before I had well finished, All suddenly mount And scatter wheeling in great broken rings Upon their clamorous wings. I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And now my heart is sore. All's changed since I, hearing at twilight, The first time on this shore,

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英文诗歌赏析 To Dorothy

Perfect Relationship in an Imperfect Way Nobody is perfect. Every person has his unique feature. There is no need to change one’s characteristics to fit another person. People in love always want to change each other so that they can have a better and steadier relationship. But if you love a person, you should love his bright points and drawbacks together. In “To Dorothy”, Marvin Bell talks about this kind of love that you even love each other’s shortcomings. He discusses how he thinks of Dorothy. He discusses what Dorothy did in his life and what his reaction was. He also indicates what he would feel if Dorothy left him. In “To Dorothy”, Marvin Bell tells us we can have a perfect relationship in an imperfect way. This poem obviously talks about the relationship between the poet, Marvin Bell and Dorothy who may be Marvin Bell’s lover, wife, or relative and so on. In the first place, Marvin Bell tells us he thinks Dorothy is not beautiful. I think this may indicate that Dorothy is a not a perfect person in his eyes. “To Dorothy You are not beautiful exactly. You are beautiful, inexactly.” (Marvin Bell, 1) From here on, we can know that Marvin Bell knows clearly that Dorothy is not beautiful and perfect, because he uses two sentences which are the exactly same meaning to express the similar ideas. From anotherperspective, however, maybe there is another meaning that we can conclude from the two sentences. Using two similar sentences may express the poet’s hesitation. In the first sentence, Marvin Bell does think Dorothy is not exactly beautiful, but in the second sentence, in his eyes, Dorothy is

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江南大学太湖学院 本科生毕业设计(论文) 题目:Expression of Sense from C-E Translation of Li Qingzhao’s Two Lyrics by Xu Yuanchong 语言文学系英语专业 学号0654106 学生姓名廖静雯 指导教师刘燕 二〇一〇年三月

Contents Abstract& Key Words (3) 摘要 (3) 1. Introduction (4) Previous Findings and Researches in This Respect (4) Motivations for Present Study (5) 2. Xu Yuanchong and Classical Chinese Lyrics Translation (5) 2.1 Translation Theories for Classical Chinese Lyrics (5) 2.2 Xu Yuanchong's Theory of Three Beauties (6) 3. Sense in Translation of Li Qingzhao’s Two Classical Chinese Lyrics (6) 3.1 A Brief Introduction of Li Qingzhao and Her Style (6) 3.2 Expression of Sense in Xu Yuanchong's Translation of声声慢 (8) 3.3 Expression of Sense in Xu Yuanchong's Translation of渔家傲 (9) 3.4 Comparison of Translations of These Two Chinese Lyrics in Terms of Sense (9) 4.Conclusion (10)

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He played king and she played queen to match the best; Laughter soft as tears, and tears that turned to laughter, These were things she sought for years and sorrowed after. Pleasure with dry lips, and pain that walks by night; All the sting and all the stain of long delight; These were things she knew not of, that knew not of her, When she played at half a love with half a lover. Time was chorus, gave them cues to laugh or cry; They would kill, befool, amuse him, let him die; Set him webs to weave to-day and break to-morrow, Till he died for good in play, and rose in sorrow. What the years mean; how time dies and is not slain; How love grows and laughs and cries and wanes again; These were things she came to know, and take their measure, When the play was played out so for one man’s pleasure. 【篇二】意境优美的英文诗歌 赠西丽亚 本·琼森 用你的眼神作酒邀我干杯, 我定会用同样的酒请你作陪; 或许只须把你的唇印留在杯中, 即使无酒我也沉醉。 我的灵魂深处确实焦渴, 想把神圣的美酒品味;

科研论文:中英诗歌中月亮意象对比

中英诗歌中月亮意象对比 在中国传统文化中,月亮代表诗情的心,可谓三千宠爱于一身,意蕴十分丰富。它常常作为永恒、孤独、离别和思念的化身,充满高洁、清怨、空灵之美。然而,同是一轮明月照古今,月亮在西方文化中却备受冷落。英语诗歌中咏月的篇章相对要少得多,而月的意象和意境也与中国诗歌相去甚远。相对于中国人望月抒怀,以月寄情的天人合一思想,西方人似乎更倾向于将月亮看作独立行动的个体----亲密无间的伙伴、情人知己的化身,抑或令人癫狂的魔幻力量。这种种意象主要是受西方神话传说的影响。在西方神话中,月亮女神----狄阿娜常常作为“爱人、情人和知己”的象征;在西方传说中,狼人、巫婆在月圆之夜活动频繁;而在《圣经》的记载中,月亮更是耶稣受难的见证,所有这一切神话传说都给月亮蒙上一层神秘的色彩。 本文通过分析月亮在英语诗歌中的意象和成因,旨在从多方面多角度展示月亮在中西方文化中大相径庭的形象,并在追根溯源和相互对比中折射出中西方民族神话传说、价值取向、以及审美心理的不同。 1.月亮——亲密无间的伙伴 在中国古典诗歌中,月亮常常作为诗人触景伤情的媒介,是诗人宣泄内心悲苦的窗口。“举杯邀明月,对影成三人。”明月传递着李白无法言说的孤独;“星垂平野阔,月涌大江流。”残月再现了杜甫颠沛漂泊的垂暮;“月落乌啼霜满天,江枫渔火对愁眠。”落月承载着张继科举落第的悲伤;“画图省识春风面,环佩空归月夜魂。”月魂描画出昭君远嫁边塞的苍凉。相比之下,英语诗歌中的月亮形象要轻松、活泼、亲切得多.一个典型的例子便是鲍勃〃图克的诗,《月亮,我的朋友》—— My Friend, The Moon Bob Tucker I see the moon with its round light,

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