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定语从句

定语从句
定语从句

定语从句概念:修饰某个名词或代词的句子就叫做定语从句,作用相当于一个形容词。

Mary is a girl.

Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词作定语

Mary is a girl who is beautiful. 句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句

Mary is a girl.

Mary has long hair.

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

先行词关系词(在句子中做成分取代先行词,谓语与先行词同行)定语从句.

定语从句一般放在被修饰成分之后。

关系代词:which,that,who, whom, whose.

关系副词:where, why, when.关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词通常是表示地点,时间或原因的名词,在定语从句中关系副词用作状语。

当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.

These are the trees which were planted last year.

当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, whose, that引导.

表时间地点原因的用 when where why引导。

The house that I’m going to buy faces south.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省。They’re talking about the film (that) I’ve seen.

用that的情况:1.当先行词是不定代词all much.little.something. everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时

1、Do you have anything __you want to say for yourself?

2.当先行词前面有only.any.few. little.no.all. very等词修饰时

2、This is the very book __I’m looking for.

3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时

3、This is the best __has been used against pollution.

4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时

4、What is the first American film __you have seen?

5.当先行词既有人又有物时

5、I know the things and persons__he referred to.

6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时

6、Which is the bike__you lost?

7.有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that

7、They built up a factory which produced things__could cause pollution

6)关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which for which等,可以互换:The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.

I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come.

7)whose指物时,可以与of which等结构互换,但应注意与冠词的位置关系:

This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue.

8)有时可用代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。

This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late.

9)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时,一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

形式上:不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。

意义上:是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

译法上:译成先行词的定语:“...的”

关系词的使用上:A.作宾语时可省略 B.可用that C.可用who 代替whom

非限制性定语从句

形式上:用逗号“,”与主句隔开。

意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上:A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whom

限制性定语从句举例:

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。

非限制性定语从句举例:

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他,对他要求很严格China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国是1949年成立的,现在正变得越来越强大。

Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every y ear. 去年夏天,我参观了人民大会堂,在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

非限制性和介词在前不用that.及指代整个句子意思时。

限制性句子与主句关系密切,去掉句意不完整,甚至不合逻辑,不用逗号隔开..非限制性定语从句,去掉不影响句意,形式上用逗号隔开,不用that引导。

定语从句

I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。

ooks whose topics are

se e very much.

II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别

g that he knows.

that we reme mbered.

1.He

1.This is all____I know about the matter.

A.that

B.what

C.who

D.whether

2.Is there anything else_____you want?

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.what

3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.

A.which

B.that

C.where

D. it

4. Please take the second chair_______is over there.

A. where

B. which

C. who

D. that

5.Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn?

A. that

B./

C.which

D.it

6.Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police (NMET98’)

A. which

B. what

C. whatever

D. that

I have a friend likes listening to classical music.

Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __ ___ I gave her. The man ___ __ leg broke in a match used to be a football player. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.

My parents live in a house is more than 100 years old.

The boy with John spoke is my brother.

Kevin is reading a book is too difficult for him.

All we can do is to study hard.

The first one __ _ stands up is a little boy.

This is the best hotel in the city ___ I know.

Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing. Is there anything else___ you require?

1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.

A. like

B. as

C. that

D. which

2. I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.

A. as

B. that

C. of which

D. about which

3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. like

4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. like

5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think is

6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

7. This is the first time ________ he has been here.

A. that

B. when

C. at which

D. which

8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. they way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

(1---5 BAACA 6-8 BAA)

1.This is the best factory ____we visited last year .

A. where

B. which

C. in which

D. that

2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ?

A. that

B. which

C. in which

D. in that

3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .

A. whose

B.its

C. which

D. which of

4.The man ____has arrived .

A. whom I told you

B. that I told you

C. whom I told you about him

D. I told you about

5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?

A. to whom

B. to who

C. whom

D. to that

6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .

A. from where

B. in which

C. which

D. in where

7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. whose

8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class .

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. where

9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai .

A. who

B. that

C. when

D. which

10.The school ___I study is a new one .

A. on which

B. at where

C. on that

D. at which

11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .

A. in which

B. at which

C. which

D. of which

12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .

A. what

B. where

C. that

D. which

13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .

A. which

B. his

C. that

D. whose

14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?

A. whom

B. to whom

C. to who

D. about whom

15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. what

16. I told you ____I know .

A. all that

B. all which

C. all what

D. all whom

17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .

A. of which

B. of whom

C. of who

D. of them

18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?

A. in which

B. around that

C. whom

D. the one

19. Who is the man ____was there ?

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whom

20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. who

21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .

A. which

B. in which

C. on that

D. on which

22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .

A. with which

B. with it

C. with that

D. which

23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult .

A. in which

B. which

C. it

D. who

24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.

A. who

B. whom

C. he

D. which

26.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

A.of whom

B.whom

C.of whose

D.whose

27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

A.it

B.which

C.this

D.that

28.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.

A.that

B.who

C.from whom

D.to whom

29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it

30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when

31.Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.

A. it

B.that

C.when

D.which

32.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. A.who B.which C.this D.what

33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

A.which price

B.the price of which

C.its price

D.the price of whose

34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A.As

B.It

C.That

D.Which

35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

A.this

B.which

C.that

D.same

36.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.

A.whose

B.of which

C.which

D.its

37.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.when

38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.there

39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

A.in which

B.in that

C.in whose

D.whose

40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

A.the way

B.the way in that

C.the way which

D.the way of which

41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

A.It’s the reason

B.That’s why

C.There’s why

D.It’s how

42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

A.which I think is

B.which I think it is

C.which I think it

D.I think which is

定语从句答案:

1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA

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语法知识—定语从句的图文答案

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(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

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