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二氧化氯抑制黄曲霉菌生长和产毒能力及其在高水分玉米中的应用

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二氧化氯抑制黄曲霉菌生长和产毒能力及其在高水分玉米中的应用

作者:史健阳宁华徐冉高珍璇余洋刘保柯永培孙群

来源:《中国测试》2017年第10期

摘要:该文系统研究平板条件下二氧化氯(ClO2)对黄曲霉菌丝生长、孢子萌发,以及黄曲霉菌产毒能力的抑制作用,考察ClO2对高水分玉米中黄曲霉菌孢子萌发的影响。结果表明:0.60 mg/L ClO2作用40 min对黄曲霉菌丝生长抑制率为9.78%,但对黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)生成的抑制率达78.22%;0.75 mg/L ClO2作用20 min即可完全抑制黄曲霉菌丝生长和AFB1产生,因此为最低有效浓度;而1.00 mg/L和1.50 mg/L ClO2作用5 min对黄曲霉菌孢子萌发抑制率分别达到53.38%和100%;以aw0.92的玉米为载体,9.0 mg/L的ClO2作用60 min对黄曲霉菌孢子萌发抑菌率可达86.63%。因此,ClO2对黄曲霉菌丝生长、产毒能力、孢子萌发都有强烈抑制作用,对抑制高水分玉米中黄曲霉菌孢子萌发也有显著效果,有潜力防控仓储前玉米中黄曲霉菌生长和AFB1污染。

关键词:气体ClO2;黄曲霉菌;黄曲霉毒素B1;玉米

文献标志码:A 文章编号:1674-5124(2017)10-0047-06

Abstract: The efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide(ClO2) on the inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination of Aspergillus flavus, as well as aflatoxin-producing ability were evaluated. The effect of ClO2 on the germination of A. flavus in maize of aw 0.92 was also evaluated. Results demonstrated that ClO2 noticeably suppressed A. flavus growth, sporulation, and AFB1 producing. After the treatment of 0.75 mg/L ClO2 for 20 min, the growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited, while the inhibition rates of ClO2 at 0.60 mg/L for 40 min was 9.78% and 78.22% for mycelium formation and AFB1 development, respectively. On spore germination, after treatment of 1.00 and 1.50 mg/L ClO2 for 5 min, the inhibition rates reached 53.38% and 100%,respectively. In addition, the treatment of 9.0 mg/L ClO2 for 60 min on corn(aw 0.92) resulted in the inhibition rate of 86.63% for spore germination. Accordingly, chlorine dioxide has the potential to be applied for controlling the growth of A. flavus and the pollution of AFB1 in corn.

Keywords: gaseous ClO2; Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin B1; corn

0 引言

黄曲霉菌(Aspergillus flavus)是一种能通过次级代谢产生一级致癌物AFB1的腐生真

菌,普遍存在于发霉的粮食、粮制品及其他霉腐的有机物上[1-2],联合国粮农组织估计每年至少有2%的农产品因黄曲霉毒素污染而浪费[3-4]。热带和亚热带地区温度和湿度等条件适宜各

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