2014年职称英语卫生A真题

2014年职称英语等级考试真题（卫生类A级）

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.

A．point B．tendency C．result D．finding

2．New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.

A．amazing B．depressing C．predictable D．dull

3．The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.

A．furnish B．copy C．publish D．summarize 4．The group does not advocate the use of violence.

A．limit B．regulate C．oppose D．support

5

D．reported

6

D．protested against 7

D．relieved

8

D．impressive

9

D．true

10

D．economy

11

D．model

12

D．opposite

13

D．lasted

14

D．empty

15．This was disaster on a cosmic scale.

A．modest B．huge C．commercial D．national

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

‘Feed Me Better’

When British TV Chef Jamie Oliver launched his 'Feed Me Better' campaign in 2004 in schools in the Greenwich area of London with the aim of improving the diet of British schoolchildren, some people were skeptical about the impact it would have. Oliver’s highly-publicized television campaign to improve school lunches led to dramatic changes in the meals offered to pupils in the Greenwich schools. In order to achieve his aim Oliver needed to show schools how to swap (交换) cheap processed meals, which were high in saturated fat (饱和脂肪) salt, and sugar, for healthier options.

Now, research at the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) has shown that Oliver's experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in them performing better at school in English and Science and in helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism (缺勤). The ISER study, carried out by Michele Belot and Jonathan James, showed 'substantial' positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Oliver's meals improving by up to 8% in Science and by as much as 6% in English. In addition, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease.

The ISER study analysed the academic test results of more than 13,000 children in Greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of Oliver's healthier meals on school performance. Pupils who sat exams in 2006-2007 had been on the new diet for at least 12 months, and the researchers found that the number of pupils reaching higher levels of achievement had clearly risen. The study also compared the results of the schools in Greenwich with those of pupils of the same age in seven other London areas who did not eat the meals created by Oliver. The researchers were surprised by the speed of improvements in the Greenwich pupils. They could find no other explanation for the results except for the healthier and more nutritious meals created by Oliver.

Commenting on ISER's findings, Oliver said he felt the research proved that he was right in his decision to remove fatty processed food and replace it with nutrient-rich (营养的) foods such as coconut (椰子), fish, and broccoli (花椰菜). He commented that ‘we could see that it made them cal mer and therefore able to learn’.

16．The‘Feed Me Better’campaign targeted a healthier diet at schoolchildren.

A．right B．wrong C．not mentioned

17．Everyone believed the campaign school be successful.

A．right B．wrong C．not mentioned

18．The ISER is an institute that does research on pupils’ performance in sport.

A．right B．wrong C．not mentioned

19．The pupils in Greenwich said they liked the healthier meals.

A．right B．wrong C．not mentioned

20．The number of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased.

A．right B．wrong C．not mentioned

21．The ISER did not a comparative study on the impact of the new diet.

A．right B．wrong C．not mentioned

22．The healthier diet helped schoolchildren improve academically.

A．right B．wrong C．not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Aromatherapy (芳香疗法)

1Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very

the

27．Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to ____D____

28．The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to ____A____

29．Aromatherapy is believed to ____E____ in various ways.

30．The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to ____B____

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

Post-menopausal (绝经后) women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics (有氧运动) and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said: “Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.” More strenuous (紧张的) and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”

Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: “This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”

She added: “We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

31．All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ________.

A．breathing exercise

B．regular walking

C．recreational activity

D．lifestyle choices

32．It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that ________.

A．women have fewer chances of physical activity

B．daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer

C．leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk

D．walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer

33．Dr. Alpa Patel was ________.

A．head of the survey study

B．chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology

C．chair of the American Cancer Society

D．chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

34．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

B．The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

C．Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women

D．Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. 35．The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to?

A．continuable

B．affordable

C．available

D．persistent

第二篇UK citizens’ carbon footprint

Around 45% of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions come from the energy people use every day —at home and when they travel. In order to generate that energy, fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) are burnt, and these produce greenhouse gases —in particular carbon dioxide (CO2). Car emissions are a major problem, but the truth is that more CO2 come from the energy used at home. The average household creates around five and a half tonnes of CO2 a year, and it is the same CO2 that is changing the climate and damaging the environment.

CO2 and various other gases wrap the earth in an invisible blanket helping to prevent heat from escaping. Without this greenhouse effect, the average temperature on the Earth would be around -18℃, compared with the current average of around +15℃. The composition of this blanket of gases has remained relativity constant for many thousands of years. However, since the industrial revolution began around 200 years ago, people have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, thus releasing more CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the process. This has increased the heating effect of the blanket, trapping more of the sun’s energy inside the Earth’s atmosphere in turn the Earth’s temperature has increased more rapidly in a shorter period of time than it has for thousands of years.

In 2008, the total UK CO2 emissions were 533 million tonnes. 27% (144 million tonnes) of those emissions came from the energy used to heat, light, and power homes. Transport emissions caused by passenger cars, buses and motorcycles accounted for a further 16% (87 million tonnes) of the UK’s CO2 emissions. These figures show that a significant amount of CO2 results from ordinary citizens’carbon footprint in their daily activities and lifestyle.

The effects of climate change can be seen all around us. Weather patterns are becoming more and more fractured and uncertain, and over the last century trends in warm weather have become increasingly common. In the UK in the last 40 years, winters have grown warmer, with much heavier rainfall. One of the clearest shifts over the last 200 years is towards summers that are hotter and drier, causing pervasive (普遍的) water shortages. Recent years have been hottest since records began, and during August 2003, the hottest ever outdoor temperature in the UK was recorded —38.5℃. 36．What is the author’s main aim?

A．To explain the greenhouse effect.

B．To describe the effects of climate change in the UK.

C．To show how much CO2 is produced by ordinary people’s activities.

D．To illustrates how industrial activity creates the greenhouse effect.

37．What is the author’s opinion about the level of CO2 emissions in the UK?

A．The majority of CO2 emissions come from motorized transport.

B．CO2 emissions may cause climate change in the future

C．More CO2 emissions comes from homes than from cars.

D．The average citizen does not create much CO2.

38．CO2 emissions from vehicles ________.

A．are a more serious problem than energy shortage.

B．do not cause any problems.

C．are high because average household owns a car.

D．contribute considerably to greenhouse gases.

39．The result of climate change in the UK can be seen in ________.

A．cooler summers.

B．water supply.

C．warmer winters.

D．stronger winds.

40．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Ways of reducing the UK’s CO2 emissions.

B．UK citizens’ carbon footprint.

C．The effect of industry on climate change in the UK.

D．Changes in weather patterns in the UK.

第三篇First Self-contained Heart Implanted

A patient on the brink of death has received the world’s first self-contained artificial heart—a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.

Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during

a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive” Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal de tails.

The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person’s life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient’s qual ity of life.

The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.

“I think it’s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American heart Association. However, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality. “This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.

Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears.

“A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “It’s going to be hard to replace that with a machine.”

The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body’s needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.

41．The first two paragraphs tell that self-contained artificial heart ________.

A．was made of titanium and pump

B．had brought the patient to the brink of death

C．did not need to get power from outside the body

D．was invented by two surgeons from university of Louisville

42．The patient received the first self-contained heart ________.

A．could not afford a donor heart

B．was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operation

C．died two months after the heart implantation

D．was reluctant to release his or her personal information

43．In the fourth paragraph, the Jarvic-7 is ________.

A．the most expensive mechanical heart

B．a mechanical heart used in the 1980s

C．as advanced as Abiocor

D．replacing Abiocor

44．According to Dr. David Faxon, the self-contained heart is ________.

A．a milestone in the artificial heart development

B．still in the experimental stage

C．an implantable, permanent artificial heart

D．unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts

45．It can be inferred from the passage that donor heart ________.

A．saved the lives of about 2100 Americans the year before the report

B．will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or later

C．are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial hearts

D．can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant.

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell their stories

NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption (救赎), and, ultimately forgiveness.”

The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal (折磨), Thompson swore (发誓) to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist (强奸犯), a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted (攻击) her brutally. __F__ (46). When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者) from a book of mug shots (嫌疑犯照片), she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup (行列).

Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision (提出上诉), and by the time of the appeals hearing (上诉听证会), evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. __D__ (47). Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.

Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated (证明……清白) Cotton and just as unequivocally (明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. __E__ (48). “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.”

__A__ (49). Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled. “Our memoir (回忆录) of injustice and redemption (拯救). ”

Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly. __C__ (50).

A．Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.

B．Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses.

C．I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in

a capital case

D．Another trial was held.

E．Thompson was shocked and devastated.

F．During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos

(纹身), or other identifying marks.

第6部分：完形填空（第52～65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

More about Alzheimer's Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with

be proven it would be an important development (65), but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.

职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案

职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案6 Happy Therapy (诊疗) Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night. Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for

2010年职称英语考试卫生类模拟试题

2010年职称英语考试卫生类模拟试题

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2014年职称英语 完形填空(4) Animal's Sixth Sense

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