高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解

定语从句

一定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.

I’ve included some photos.

The photos will help you picture the places I talk about.

注意：弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。二关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.

That is the teacher who teaches us physics.

2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.

The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come.

The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor.

3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.

4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，

作宾语时常可省略。

He is the man that/who lives next door.

Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?

The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind.

The season that/which comes after spring is summer.

I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings.

The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.

5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.

注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：

The house whose windows are broken is empty.

The house the windows of which are broken is empty.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.

The school in which he once studied is very famous.

Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which/that) you asked for.

Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.

This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday.

This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.

The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：

look for, look after, take care of 等。

This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.

The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.

2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.

The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.

3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.

四关系副词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why等。when, where, why都在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。

1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

The time when we got together finally arrived.

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.

Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.

2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born.

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.

Is this the place where they fought the enemy?

3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.

I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you.

Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live.

The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.

五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”

关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom

非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

China is a country which has a long history.

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city.

补充：

（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。

Everything that he said was true.

There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

That’s all that I know.

提示: something 后面可用which引导定语从句。

There is something (which/ that) I'd like to tell you.

2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。

This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.

The only thing that is constant is change.

There was little that we could do to help her.

3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the best that has been used against pollution.

This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.

4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

What is the first American film that you have seen?

5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6．当先行词既有人又有物时。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

7．先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。

She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.

He is not the man (that) he seems.

（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句

1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He married her, as / which was natural.

He is honest, as / which we can see.

2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：

As is known to all, China is a developing country.

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.

John, as you know, is a famous writer.

Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.

注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：

Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.

1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如：

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.

He is not such a fool as he looks.

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.

注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.

(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising.

I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：

A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.

I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.

B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.

I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.

C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.

This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.

（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：

There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who don’t）

（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1. 定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句）

The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句）

2. 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

The news that he told me is true. （定语从句）

The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句）

The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定语从句)

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位语句）

The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句）

The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句）

3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如： A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.

The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.

C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.

The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.

高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very

高中英语复习专题：定语从句(含知识要点,典型例题和解析)

高中英语复习专题：定语从句 一．概述 She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 ↓ ↓ ↘ 先行词 引导词 定语从句 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语 结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 ↓ ↓ 二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法 1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） ②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语） 2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人 ①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ ②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。 ①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？ ②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。 ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom 或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n. ①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。 She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？ Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken? of which the window is broken? 4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物 ①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） ②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语) ③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略） 5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物 ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语） ②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） ③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）

高中定语从句详细讲解讲课教案

高中定语从句详细讲 解

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(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

(完整版)定语从句超详细讲解

定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。

高一英语定语从句教案

高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。

高中英语定语从句精讲精练

高中英语定语从句精讲精练定语从句（学生版） 【知识储备】 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。 3、“介词+which”与when, where和“介词+what”。 4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。 5、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同。 6、关系代词的省略。 7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。 8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。 9、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 1.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wanted to be. (05年高考湖北卷第29题) A. who B .that C .what D. which 2.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 3.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C .in which D. for which 4.---Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one ____you know I used to work for years. (05福建 A. that B. which C. where D. what 5.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____he went on to Cambridge. (05年高考山东卷第30题) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b91977390.html,st month, parts of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____effects the people are still suffering. (05) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 7.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A .that B. which C. when D. where 8.I have many friends, _____some are businessmen. (05年高考全国卷I第24题) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 9.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. 05年 A. which B. when C. where D. that 10.What surprised me was not what he said but _____he said it. (04年高考湖北卷第29题) A. the way B .in the way that C. in the way D. the way which