新编大英3 课后答案 浙江大学 外语教学与研究出版社

新编大学英语3 课后答案

Unit 1. Personality

Part One- Preparation

1. Mr. And Miss So and So

1) Gentle 2) Dedicated 3) Considerate 4) Adventurous 5) Calm 6）Aggressive

7) Critical 8) Energetic 9) Selfish 10) Ambitious 11) Self-confident 12) Easygoing

13) Truthful 14) Outgoing 15) Frank 16) Sensitive 17) Bossy 18）Patient

19) Talkative 20) Persuasive 21) Sympathetic 22) Emotional

2. Personality and Job

Salesperson- shrewed, hard-working, boastful, acute, tricky

Teacher- patient, tolerant, talkative, unselfish, loving, humorous, bossy

Doctor- patient, calm, independent, careful, sympathetic

Police officer- brave, alert, independent, strong, calm

Accountant- careful, honest, cautious, patient

Lawyer- persuasive, expressive, eloquent, serious, knowledgeable, talkative

Tourist guide- enthusiastic, talkative, expressive, energetic, considerate, good-tempered Host or hostess of a show- emotional, expressive, optimistic, quick-minded, exaggerated, humorous

Reporter- cautious, extroverted, open-minded, adventurous

Secretrary- easygoing, tolerant, sensitive, frank, thorough, efficient

Spokeperson- intelligent, talkative, diplomatic, cautious, matter-of-fact

Part Two – Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Introduction: (para1)

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people

2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para2-3)

People’ s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.

People with high self-esteem unsually act with confidence.

People with low self-esteem are likey to be passive and easily influenced by others.

3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para 4-15)

i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.

ii) Set reasonable goals.

iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.

iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.

v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.

vi) Accept criticism thoughfully.

vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.

viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.

ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.

x) Practice being in social situations.

4) Conclusion: (para16)

The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6)T 7)F 8)F 9)T

Vocabulary

1.

1) self-couscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you.)

2) self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc,; confidence in oneself)

3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)

4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests)

5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)

6) self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature)

7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)

8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)

2.

1) B 2 ) I 3) L 4) A 5) H 6) D 7) E

8) N 9) J 10) M 11) C 12) F 13) G 14) K

3.

1) profound 2)jealousy 3) numerous 4)overweight 5) overcome

6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance

11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented

4.

1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence

4) viewed/regarded

5) sensitive 6) respond/ react 7) eliminated

8) overcome my fear

9) concentrate on 10) made no comment

Translation

1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.（spend time on sth/ in doing sth）

2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. (than ever before)

3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.

4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.

5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.

6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.

7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.

8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.

Part Three – Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

1) B 2)B 3)A 4) B 5) D 6) C 7)B 8)C 9)A 10)A 11) C 12) B

Part Four- Writing and Translation

2.

1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.

2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.

3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.

4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.

5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.

6）Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.

Unit 2 Myths and Legends

Part One – Preparation

4. Matching Pictures

1. Aphrodite

2. Ares

3. Hephaestus

4. Artemis

5. Demeter

6. Dionysus

7. Poseidon 8. Athena 9. Apollo 10. hermes 11. Hera 12. Zeus

Part Two – Post-reading

1. Testing Your Memory

1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.

2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.

3) He planned to go to the feast/ sky with the birds.

4) They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous/ cunning and ungrateful.

5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.

6) He made two wings with all the features he got from each bird.

7) All of You.

8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, punded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.

9) For whom have you prepared this feast?

10) Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.

11) They were very angry.

12) They took back the feathers they had lent him.

13) He asked him to take a message to his wife.

14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.

15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house and cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp things instead.

16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.

Vocabulary

1.

1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting

2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory / preparation

3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered

4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approvign E. disapprove

5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently

6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/ faithless C. faith D. faithfully

7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion

8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered

9) A. troubesome B. troulbed C. troubled D. troubling

10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure

2.

1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble

4) have…trouble

5) trouble with 6) in serious/ deep/ big trouble 7) get/getting …into trouble 8) took the trouble

3.

1) with a pattern of roses.

2) prepared a wonderful / good meal for us

3) promised faithfully

4) deliver this letter

5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate

6) keep out of mischief / behave themselves

7）the sound of distant thunder

8) received approval from the government

9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much

10）agree whether the drug is safe or not

Part Three – Further Development

2 1. Enriching Your Word Power

1) C 2) C 3) A 4) B 5)A 6) B 7) A 8) B 9) B 10) A 11) B 12) A

Part Four – Writing and Translation

3 2. Translation Practice

万物之初，天体还是一体，充满混沌。宇宙如同一个大黑蛋，盘古就在黑蛋里。一万八千年以后，盘古长睡醒来，他感到窒息，于是他拿起一把大斧头，用尽全身力量砸开黑蛋。轻的、透明的部分冉冉上升，变成了天；而冷的、混沌的物体依然在下面，变成了大地。盘古站在中间，顶天立地。天地开始以每天一丈的速度分开，盘古的身子也随着长高。一万八千年后，天更高，地更厚，盘古像一根九百万里高的柱子伫立其间，天地永远也无法再合在一起。

（附注：天地渾沌如雞子，盤古生其中。万八千歲，天地開辟，陽清為天，陰濁為地。盤古在其中，一日九變，神於天，圣於地。天日高一丈，地日厚一丈，盤古日長一丈。如此万八千歲，天數极高，地數极深，盤古极長。後乃有三皇(1)。數起於一，立於三，戒於五，盛於七，處於九，故天去地九万里。

《藝文類聚》卷一引《三五歷紀》

(1) 三皇：天皇、地皇、人皇。）

4 3. Racking Your Brains

Step One

Time & Place: after, before, during, later on, meanwhile, next, first, second, earlier, immediately, soon, still, when , while as, where, then

Comparison & Contrast: as…as, similarly, likewise, but, not so…as, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, rather than

Addition: and, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, too, also

Cause & Effect: because (of), due to (the fact that), as a result, therefore, accordingly, so, conseqently, thus, hence, since, as, owing to

Purpose: so that, in order to / that , so as to

Condition & Concession: if , despite, although, though, even though, in spite of, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, all the same

Summary & Restatement: in short, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, generally, altogether, in all, in the final analysis, in other words, finally

Others: not only…but also, (n)either…(n)or, so…that, such…that, so…as to, otherwise, or

Unit 3 Social Problems

Part One—Preparation

Part Two – Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.

1) -5) financial career later guilty hurt

6) -10) resentful productive independence responsibility trusted

11)-15) frightening resentment abandoned factors quality

2.

T F T F T F F F F F

Vocabulary

1.

C H G A E K I

D L B J F

2.

1)-5) constantly impact burden Candidly fulfillment

6)-10) salaried resentment assistance perfect suppress

3.

1)-5）successfully resentment security necessity advisable

6)-10) access/accessibility athletic maturity emotional effectively

Translation

1) Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.

2) How will taxes affect people with low incomes?

3) My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn’t give up practicing the piano.

4) These book range in price form $10 to $20.

5) It seems to me that you don’t have much choice.

6) Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.

7) For such a big house the price is fairly cheap/low, but you’ve got to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs.

8) Can we begin with discussing questions/problems arising from the last meeting? Part Three --- Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

Step one:

1)-7) A B A C A A C 8)-14) B C A A C B C

Step two:

Step three:

1)-5) creates individuals makes combinaiton however

6)-10) fall responsible which difference that

11)-15) tempted used lowest died reducing

16)-20) quick reason principle minor message

2. Putting the Paragraphs in Order

Step one: E B F C A G D

Part Four—Translation and Writing

2.

1) 孩子最好远离毒品

一个电话报警者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示了忧虑。有两人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量被使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。

2）在逃的武装抢劫犯落入法网

四名武装劫持犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另两名逃走的罪犯的身份。打进报警热线的一个电话准确、详细地描述了这起事件和其中一个逃走的罪犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，他被指控企图谋杀及武装抢劫。

Unit 4 Career Planning

Part One – Preparation

6 1. What are They?

1)-7) film director surgeon flight attendent pilot cook/chef conductor lawyer

8)-14）receptionist policeman butcher doctor/physician auto-repairman scientist/ research worker nurse

7 2. Word Family

1)-9) job business trade labor profession work occupation career task

8 3. Matching Game

Section A: job career profession trade Section B: pay fee salary/wages income

Section C: job-seeker employer fire interview

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

9Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Introduction (para1)

Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.

2) Students’ weaknesses in career planning (para2):

i) Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations. ii) 40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.

iii) Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities. iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.

3) Serious flaws in the ways of decision making (para 3-5)

i) Complaceny – ignoring challenging information

ii) Defensive avoidance – resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming iii) Hypervigilance –searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily invented solutions.

4) Keys to career planning (para 6-11)

i) Study yourself.

ii) Write your career goals down.

iii) Review your plans and progress periodically with another person. iv) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.

5) Changes in careers (para 12-13)

i) Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead.

ii) Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.

6) Conclusion (para 14-15)

Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can

do now to shape your career possibilities.

Understanding Specific Information

1)-12) T T F T F T T T T F T F

Vocabulary

1.

1)-7): acceptable efficiency implications instability rationalize evaluation foreseeable

8)-14): invention hastily probability professional challenging defensive personality

2.

1)-5): in case Every so often resort to talk over start over

6)-10): in reality at stake seized on leading to take stock of

3.

1)-6): programs way technical both provided who

7)-12): such needed opportunities when to Completion

13)-18): holding early hire promote up educating

Translation

1) He underwent a major heart surgery several years ago.

2) We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.

3) I used to enjoy photography, but now I have no time to pursue any hobbies.

4) You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.

5) Terrorists resort to violence to achieve their political aims.

6) He says he’ll stay in the office this afternoon in case you want to see him.

7) Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.

8) These examples demonstrate how badly some students write their resumes.

Part Three --- Further Development

11 1. Enriching Your Word Power

1)-10): A B C C C A C B B C

Part Four—Translation and Writing

12translation (略)

13Writing (sample)

January,27, 2007

LuDongUniversity

P. O. Box ****

Dear Sir or Madam,

I would like to be considered as an applicant for the secretary position listed in today’s Yantai Daily.

I am a female student and I am now 21. In June this I will graduate from Lu Dong University. My major is economics. During my summer vacation last year, I worked as a typist in a company. I can type at a speed of 80 words per minute and I have taken shorthand. In my spare time, I have also worked on computer and now I can use the computer for word processing. Apart from these skills, I have high proficiency in English

and I can speak English fluently. I have passed CET 4 and 6 with high marks. In a word, I’m sure that I’m a suitable person for the job and I can do it well.

I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My telephone number is *******. I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely Yours,

***

Unit 5 Language

Part One – Preparation

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Introduction: the most important day in her life. (para. 1)

2) Her feelings before her teacher arrived/ her education began. (para. 2-3)

3) The first encounter with the teacher. (para. 4)

4) How she discovered words. (para. 5-9)

A. Her initial success in learning (para. 5): she learned the spelling of a few words.

B. The difficulties encountered in learning the meanings of words and her reaction. (para.6)

C. Her new insight: everything had a name and each name gave birth to a new thought. (para.7-8)

D. Her feelings and her new outlook on life before she fell asleep that night after her trip to

the well-house. (para.9)

14Understanding in Details

1) A. The two lives she led before and after the teacher came.

B. The day when her teacher came to her.

C. Before the teacher came, she lived in a still, dark world in which there was no strong sentiment or tenderness, From that day on, she began to learn language and gain a new insight into life.

2) Because the day marked a turning point in her life. On that day, the teacher came to her to reveal all things to her, including love.

3) A. Here being shut in the “white darkness” refers to a feeling of being lost, like a ship at sea almost incapable of find her way in a white fog without sunshine. Helen Keller compares herself to a ship lost in thick fog, and is unable to find her way. Like the ship with her plummet and sounding-line, she is reaching out and crying wordlessly for light in the dark unknown world.

B. The ship.

4) She felt tense and anxious, waiting for something to happen with beating heart.

5) Both the new doll and the big rag doll.

6) The words and the real objects.

7) Words are the names of things. / Everything has a name.

8) It suddenly dawned on Helen that the word “water” referred to the wonderful cool thing flowing over her hand and the word itself became alive.

9) Because the word experienced a great change in Helen’s mind after she discovered the mystery of words, just as Aaron’s rod, which had been a piece of dead wood, burst into flowers with God’s love.

15“How I Discovered Words”

When…Helen Keller’s Feelings

she stood on the porch, waiting for the teacher to come dumb, expectant

Miss Sullivan spelled “doll”in her hand interested

she finally succeeded in making the letters for doll pleasant and proud

the teacher tried time and again to teach her the connection between words and things impatient

she felt the fragments of the broken doll at her feet keenly delighted

she knew she was going out into the warm sunshine pleasant /happy

she finally discovered the mystery of launguage in the well-house excited, eager to learn

she tried vainly to put the broken doll together repentant and sad

she lay in crib at the close of the day joyful and hopeful

Vocabulary

1. Section A 1)-10): A B A B C B C C A A

Section B 1)-5): renewed apply persist succeeded drop

6)-10): revealed wonder keenly vainly impressed

2. 1)-4): unconsciously expectant eventful immeasurable

5)-8): imitation/ imitating continually tenderness impatient

Translation

1) Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office, I became more worried.

2) In time he will see who is his true friend.

3) That scientist’s experiment gave birth to a new drug.

4) He had been shut in by illness during much of the winter.

5) They would practice spoken English at the first opportunity.

6) Everything she valued might be swept away overnight.

7) Towards the close of the term, all the students are busy preparing for the finals.

8) It is a very cold winter and we long for it to be over.

Part Three --- Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

1)-12): A A B B C B C C A B C A

Part Four—Translation and Writing

Translation Practice

1) 他钦佩布朗太太，这使我感到很惊奇。

2) 暴风雨持续了一整天；就在这段时间里船破裂了。

3) 虽然那个学生在做实验前已仔细阅读过实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套，未能得到满意的结果。

4) 我知道萨拉会将那个好消息告诉她姐姐的，而她姐姐又很可能将它告诉她的同学。

5) 史密斯先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来和我们一起工作。

6) 邮递员早晨6点30分来。这个时候我通常还在睡大觉呢。

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After Twenty Years O'Henry 二十年以后 欧亨利 The policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively. The impressiveness was habitual and not for show, for spectators were few. The time was barely 10 o'clock at night, but chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh depeopled the streets. 一个执勤的警察正沿街巡逻，很认真，他一直都这样认真，并不是做给谁看的。差不多是晚上十点了，街上行人寥寥无几，冷风飕飕地吹着，有种雨水的味道。 Trying doors as he went, twirling his club with many intricate and artful movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye adown the pacific thoroughfare, the officer, with his stalwart form and slight swagger, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. The vicinity was one that kept early hours. Now and then you might see the lights of a cigar store or of an all-night lunch counter; but the majority of the doors belonged to business places that had long since been closed. 他灵巧地来回转着手里的警棍，每家每户都仔细查看，警觉的目光不时地投向安静的街道，这个警察，身材强壮，昂首阔步，俨然一个和平守护者。附近的街区睡得都早，偶尔能看见一个雪茄店或通宵餐馆还亮着灯，其他的店铺早就打烊了。 When about midway of a certain block the policeman suddenly slowed his walk. In the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned, with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly. 走到街区中间时，警察突然放慢了脚步，他看见五金店门口站着一个人，嘴里叼着雪茄，没点着，正向他走过去时，这个人立马开口说话了。 "It's all right, officer," he said, reassuringly. "I'm just waiting for a friend. It's an appointment made twenty years ago. Sounds a little funny to you, doesn't it Well, I'll explain if you'd like to make certain it's all straight. About that long ago there used to be a restaurant

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Unit 1 III. 1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute 6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worship IV. 1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected 10. at best V 1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.O 7.I 8. L 9. A 10. D Collocation VI. 1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever 6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agony Word building VII. 1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified VIII. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery Sentence Structure IX. 1. other than for funerals and weddings 2. other than to live an independent life 3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . ` 4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything . 5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center X. 1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night 2. would have; told him the answer 3. they needn't have gone at all 4. must have had too much work to do 5. might have been injured seriously Translation XI. - 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.

英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译unit14

UNIT14 你怎么知道艺术品的优劣? 玛丽亚·曼尼丝 你喜欢艺术吗？你能说出哪些艺术品好哪些不好？是否存在评价艺术的标准？读一读下面这篇文章，看看玛丽亚·曼尼丝如何回答这样的问题。 设想没有评论家告诉我们，对一幅画，一个剧本或一段新乐曲怎样反应。设想我们无意间步入一个未署名油画的画展。我们依据什么标准，依据什么价值来评判它们是优是劣，是天才的还是没有天才的，是成功还是失败?我们又怎能知道自己的想法是正确的? 近十五或二十年来，艺术的批评与欣赏流行否认任何合理标准的存在，使“好”与“坏”成了无关紧要，无足轻重、无可适用的字眼。我们被告知，根本不存在先通过知识与经验获得，然后加在讨论的对象上的一套标准这回事。这一直是受到欢迎的方法，因为它解除了评论家评判的责任，公众也无须知识。它迎合那些不愿受规则约束的人，称头脑空虚者为开明来讨好他们，并使不知所措的人得到安慰。在民主平等之旗的掩护下--当然不是我们祖先所说的那种平等--它实际是在说：“你是谁，要来告诉我们什么是好，什么是坏?”这与大众传媒制作者的一贯伎俩如出一辙。他们坚持认为，由公众而不是由他们决定的它想要听和看的什么，而评论家说这个节目好而这个节目不好，这纯粹是个人趣味的反应。没有谁表达这一哲学，比近来弗兰克·斯丹坦博士，哥伦比亚广播电视公司极其睿智的总裁更为简明。在联邦通讯委员会的一次听证会上，他在接受询问时漏出此言：“一人眼里的平庸之作，却是另一人的佳作。” 最妙不过的说法是：“没有一个标准是绝对的”。造成这种放任观念的另一重要因素是：畏惧感----所有艺术形式的观察者们都有唯恐猜错的担心。这种担心极易遇到，谁没有听说当初饱受世人指摘的艺术家后来被称为大师？每个时期都有一些评判者，他们不和时代一起前进，无法区分进化和革命，风行一时的时尚、业余的实验与深刻的必然的变化之间的区别。谁愿意作出这样严重的判断错误而贻笑大方?安全得多，当然也容易得多的做法是：看着一幅画，一个剧本或一首诗，说道：“它很难懂，但也许很好”；或者干脆把它当作新形式加以欢迎。“新的”这个词--尤其在我们这个国度--具有魔力般的涵义。凡是新的都是好的；而旧的则极可能是不好的。如果评论家能用无人理解的语言描述新事物，那么他就更为安全。倘若他掌握了说话的艺术，用精巧复杂的言辞，却什么也没说，日后就无人能够说他曾经说过什么。 但是我认为，所有这一切实质上都是对评判责任的背弃。艺术家在创作中表现自己，而你则在欣赏中有自己的承诺。毕竟还是观众成就了艺术。欣赏的气氛对于艺术的繁荣不可或缺。公众的期望愈高，艺术家的表现就愈好。相反，只有被评论家误导的社会，才会在这几年把既不是艺术也不是文学的东西当做艺术和文学接受。如果一件东西没有了，一切也就没有了，而在废物堆最底层的是被抛弃的标准。 但这些标准究竟是什么?你怎样得到它们?你如何知道它们是正确的?你又如何能在这许多不可捉摸的东西，包括最不可捉摸的自我本身，理清出一个清晰的模式? 首先，很明显，你愈是多读、多看、多听，你将愈好地被装备起来实践建立在所有的理解与判断之上的联想艺术。愈是见多识广，愈能深刻意识到一个连贯一致的规律--犹如星辰、潮汐、呼吸、白昼黑夜一般具有普遍性--存在于万事万物中。我把这一规律与这一节奏称为一种秩序。并非秩序，而是一种秩序。其中存在着变化万千的各种形式。其外则是混乱--疯狂的毁灭因素----病态。最终应由你来区分健康的多样性与病态的混乱，而不运用联想的过程是无法做到的。没有联想的过程，你就不能将莫扎特乐曲的一节和维米尔油画的一角，斯特拉文斯基的乐谱与毕加索的抽象画，或者一个挑衅性的行为与弗兰茨·克兰的油画，一阵咳嗽声与约翰·凯奇的作品联系起来。 某些艺术表现形式是永恒的，而另一些却转瞬即逝，这并非偶然现象。尽管你不一定总要解释原因，但你可以提出问题。艺术家说了些什么永恒的东西?他怎样说这些?有多少是时尚，多少纯是反映?为什么如今沃尔特·司各特的作品如此难读，而简·奥斯丁却不是这样?为什么巴洛克艺术风格适合某一时期，而另一时期却显得过于炫目辉煌? 是否存在一个技巧标准，能够适用于所有时代的艺术，还是每个时代对标准都有各自不同的定义?你也许已不经意地意识到，这些年“技巧”已变成不入流的字眼，因为它含有“标准”的意思--即作品完成得好不好。这种方便的逃避的结果，导致了大量不能发出声音的演员，不会解释歌曲涵义的歌手，不能交流感情的诗人，词汇贫乏的作家--更不用说不会作画的画家。现在的教条是，技巧阻碍表达。不必说你不知道自己在做什么，如果你不知道怎样去做，那么你就能做得更好。 我认为，到了你帮助扭转这一潮流的时候了，方法是努力重新发现技巧：掌握选择的工具，无论是画笔、字词还是声音。当你开始觉察自由与草率，严肃的实验与自我疗法，技艺与即兴，力量与暴力之间的区别时，你就逐渐能够将山羊与绵羊区分开来，而这种区分形式我们竟阔别已久。所有你需要重新拥有的，不过是几条标准和能够看穿骗局的盖氏测量仪，而我们可以在急切需要这两者的领域－－当代绘画开始艺术之旅。 我不知道什么更糟糕：不得不面对大面积的拙劣艺术，为的是发现些许可取之处，还是阅读评论家对此说的一切。其他任何一个表现领域都不会象画界一样如此盛行煞有其事的言谈，流行如此多的废话：艺术与艺术生存的评论氛围之间紧密地相互依赖的进一步证据。我将很乐意和你共享我们时代典型的故弄玄虚的东西。

新视野大学英语读写教程第三版课后答案

新视野大学英语读写教 程第三版课后答案 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】

Unit 1 TEXT A Language focus Word in use [3] 1.whereby 2. pursuit 3. inhibit 4. maintain 5. patriotic 6. transcend 7. endeavor 8. dedication 9. prestige 10. nominate Word building [4]

[5]

1.resultant 2. tolerant 3. pollutants 4. inhabited 5. participants 6. descendants 7. attendants 8. respectful 9. contestants 10. neglectful 11. resourceful 12. boastful Banked cloze [6] 1.eventually 2. premier 3. endeavor 4. bypass 5. handicaps 6. committed 7. attained 8. transcend 9. feats 10. slightest Expressions in use [7] 1. removed from 2. failed in 3. in pursuit of 4. deviated from 5. precluded from 6. triumph over 7. work their way into 8. written off TEXT B Understanding the text [2]

大学英语泛读教程2【第二版】unit1课文翻译

several nights a week Joseph woke up screaming from the same terrible could never recall his whole dream， only remembered that someone was running after was trying to get away，but in his dream he could not move。he continued having this nightmare for months。he was so tired in the morning that it was hard for him to go to work。Joseph，you see，is not a frightened child，but a grown man。 Milton Kramer is a psychiatrist and dream researcher Cincinnati， believes that it is very important that people don't ignore their dreams，because they are messages from our sleeping Kramer studied dreams and dreamers，he found that people wake up feeling very discouraged after they have a bad also found that after having a good dream，people feel more ,dreams can have harmful or beneficial a result,Kramer believes that we need to learn how to change our bad we understand what happened in our dreams,we can change negative，hurtful dreams to positive，helpful ones。 Before we can begin to change a nightmare，however，we first have to remember what happened in our say there are many ways to do can keep a journal or diary of what we do when we are awake. Then，before going to sleep，we can review our practice helps us to stay in we wake up，we should lie still while we try to remember our researchers say that by staying in the same sleeping positive，we are more likely to recall the should also try to remember an important word or picture from the image makes the rest of the dream easier to longer we sleep，the longer and more complex our dreams will be. Cartwright is a dream researcher， has developed another dream therapy for changing to ,dream therapy involves four simple steps you can learn on your first step is to recognize when you are having a bad dream that will make you feel helpless or upset the next second step is to identify what it is about the dream that makes you feel bad-for example，weak instead of strong，or out of control instead of in control. Next，stop any bad do not have to continue your bad dream，because you are in last step is to change the negative part of the you may have to wake yourself up and change the dream before you return to times it is possible to change the dream while you are still asleep. By using dream therapy，Joseph was able to change his ,his bad dreams stopped