英语学习_CATTI三级笔译综合能力讲义_必备
弃我去者，昨日之日不可留
乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧
全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义
目录
第一节2009年3月21日下午15：00-17：30
主要内容：1．对于考试的了解和复习的基本策略
2．主要语法知识点（一）定语从句，练习及其译法
第二节2009年3月21日晚上18：30-21：00
主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（二）定语从句，长难句分析及翻译
第三节2009年3月28日下午15：00-17：30
主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（三）非谓语动词，练习及其译法
2．阅读理解讲解
第四节2009年3月28日晚上18：30-21：00
主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（四）非谓语动词，长难句分析及翻译
2．阅读理解两篇
第五节2009年3月29日下午15：00-17：30
主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（五）被动语态，练习及其译法
2．阅读理解讲解
第六节2009年3月29日晚上18：30-21：00
主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（六）被动语态，长难句分析及翻译
2．阅读理解两篇
第七节2009年4月4日下午15：00-17：30
主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（七）代词及虚拟语气，练习及其译法
2．阅读理解讲解
3．完型填空基本思路讲解
第八节2009年4月4日晚上18：30-21：00
主要内容：1．主要语法知识点（八）代词及虚拟语气，长难句分析及翻译
2．词汇一般练习
3．阅读理解两篇
第九节2009年4月11日下午15：00-17：30
主要内容：1．词汇一般练习，形容词和副词的一般译法，长难句分析及翻译2．阅读理解讲解
第十节2009年4月11日晚上18：30-21：00
主要内容：1．词汇一般练习
2．阅读理解两篇、完型填空基本思路讲解
3．最后复习指导性建议
推荐教材：
1．《英语笔译综合能力3级》，外文出版社，黄源深总主编，2006年版。（黄皮书）
2．《英语三级笔译考试真题精选》，外文出版社，卢敏编，2006年版。（蓝皮书）
课外阅读材料：
1．张培基、喻云根等，《英汉翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1980年版。2．陈宏薇，《新实用汉译英教程》。武汉：湖北教育出版社，1996年版。
3．柯平，《英汉与汉英翻译教程》。北京：北京大学出版社，1993年版。
4．吕瑞昌、喻云根，《汉英翻译教程》。西安：陕西人民出版社，1983年版。
5．陆殿扬，《英汉翻译理论与技巧》（上、下册）。北京：时代出版社，1958年版。6．杨莉藜，《英汉互译教程》。开封：河南大学出版社，1993年版。
7．范仲英，《实用翻译教程》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994年版。
8．冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997年版。
9．郭著章，《英汉互译实用教程》。武昌：武汉大学出版社，1996年版。
10．申雨平，《实用英汉翻译教程》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002年版。
11．古今明，《英汉翻译基础》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002年版。
12．王恩冕、李正中，《大学英汉翻译教程》。北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社，1998年版。13．李长拴，《非文学翻译理论与实践》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。
14．姜桂华，《中式英语之鉴》。北京：清华大学出版社。
15．庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。北京：外研社。
16．许渊冲：《翻译的艺术》，五洲传播出版社出版。
17．包惠南著：《文化语境与语言翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
18．何善芬等著：《英汉语言对比研究》，上海外语教育出版社。
19．曾蕙兰：《进出口实用英语》，外文出版社。《汉英中华文化词典》，上海外语教育出版社。
20．《翻译研究论文集》(1894-1948、1949-1983)(《翻译通讯》编辑部)
21．《翻译理论与翻译技巧文集》，中国对外翻译出版公司。
22．Language, Culture, and Translation，by Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
词法、句法流派代表作
陆殿扬：《英汉翻译理论与技巧》，商务印书馆。
张培基等：《英汉翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社。
冯树鉴：《实用英汉翻译技巧》，同济大学出版社。
功能流派的代表作
郭颐顿、张颖，《商务英汉翻译教程》，中山大学出版社，1995年版。
张鸾铃，《实用英汉翻译技巧》，广东教育出版社，1996年版。
谭宝全，《现代英语翻译技巧》，上海交通大学出版社，1997年版。
当代译论流派代表作
柯平，《英汉与汉英翻译教程》，北京大学出版社。
杨莉藜，《英汉互译教程》，河南大学出版社。
范仲英，《实用翻译教程》，外语教学与研究出版社。
陈宏薇，《新实用汉译英教程》，湖北教育出版社。
中文语法书目
吕叔湘，朱德熙：《语法修辞讲话》，辽宁教育出版社。
王力：《中国现代语法》，商务印书馆。王力：《中国古代语法》，商务印书馆。
高名凯：《汉语语法理论》，商务印书馆。吕叔湘：《语法学习》，复旦大学出版社。
翻译史
马祖毅：《中国翻译史》，中国对外翻译出版公司。方文华：《中国翻译史》，西北大学出版社。
谭载喜：《西方翻译简史》，商务印书馆。
第一节考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法
第一部分考试介绍
一、考试题型
词汇和语法部分50题25分25分钟
阅读理解50题55分75分钟
完型填空20题20分20分钟
二、考试要求
掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。
三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型
第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary and Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（Error Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。
第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。在其后会分专题来讲解。
第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。题材广泛，选题多样。类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。
第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。题材广泛，选题多样。难度和专业四级等同。
四、基本复习策略
综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略：第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。
第二、对于语法结构的重视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如何组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。
第三，阅读能力要强。任何考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。包括实务考试，如果文章内容没有弄明白，那么对文章的翻译肯定是不行的。
以上三点经验之谈，仅供参考。
第二部分定语从句的讲解、练习及译法
1．that和which用法比较：
1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。
e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true.
他说他很忙，那是假的。
We don?t want to enter the house, which is very cold.
我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。
2) which用于介词后做宾语。
e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large.
窗户正对着海的房间很大。
The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.
你坐的椅子是用钢做的。
3) that一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是”only修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。
e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。
A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district.
装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。
That is only thing that I want to know.
那是我唯一想知道的事情。
The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy.
你买的最后一本书是我想买的。
What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before?
你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？
2．定语从句的种类
定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。
e.g.: They don?t like that person who is noisy.
他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。
*非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。
e.g.: They don?t like that person, who is noisy.
他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。
*限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。
语法及词汇练习
1. The bridge was named __ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.
A after
B with
C by
D from
2. There were no tickets __ for Friday?s performance.
A preferable
B considerable
C possible
D available
3. __ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.
A Inferior to
B Superior to
C Prior to
D Preferable to
4. Cancer is second only __ heart disease as a cause of death.
A of
B to
C with
D from
5. It wasn't such a good dinner __ she had promised us.
A that
B which
C as
D what
6. American women were __ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A ignored
B neglected
C refused
D denied
7. They decided to chase the cow away __ it did more damage.
A unless
B until
C before
D although
8. __ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.
A Each
B Any
C Either
D One
9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at __ chemist?s.
A each
B some
C any
D certain
10. All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A what is needed
B for our needs
C the thing needed
D that is needed
11. __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A When compared
B Compare
C While comparing
D Comparing
12. After __ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A being interviewed
B interviewed
C interviewing
D having interviewed
13. __ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.
A That was from Stephen
B It was Stephen whom
C It was from Stephen that
D It was Stephen that
14. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller __.
A suit
B set
C one
D pair
15. Many new __ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A opportunities
B necessities
C realities
D probabilities
16. He must have had an accident, or he __ then.
A would have been here
B had to be here
C should be here
D would be here
17. You __ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A needn?t have done
B must not have done
C shouldn?t have done
D can not have done
18. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you __ it.
A mustn?t have done
B wouldn?t have done
C mightn?t have done
D didn?t have to do
19. It was essential that the applications forms __ back before the deadline.
A must be sent
B would be sent
C be sent
D were sent
20. We __ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A just have had
B have just had
C just had
D had just had
21. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes __ I heard voices.
A as
B while
C after
D when
22. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, __ something occurred which attracted my attention.
A unless
B until
C when
D while
23. It was essential that these application forms __ back as early as possible.
A must be sent
B will be sent
C are sent
D be sent
24. The children went there to watch the iron tower __.
A to erect
B be erected
C erecting
D being erected
25. The engine __ smoke and steam.
A gives up
B gives in
C gives away
D gives off
26. The manager promised to keep me __ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed
B on informing
C informed
D informing
27. The goals __ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which
B for which
C with which
D at which
28. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and __ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all
B above all
C after all
D over all
29. __ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now
B Now that
C Ever since
D By now
30. What you have done is __ the doctor?s orders.
A attached to
B responsible to
C resistant to
D contrary to
译法：
1．定语从句的前置合译法：
On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
2．定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法：
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.
译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
3．定语从句的溶合变译法；
This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words)
译文：这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。
定语从句翻译练习：
1.Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。
4. The number of the young people in th e United States who can?t read is incredible about one in four.
大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。（前置译法）
第二节语法及词汇练习、定语从句长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解讲解
回顾也是一种前瞻Reviewing is preparing us for the future
第一部分语法及词汇练习
1. John regretted __ to the meeting last week.
A not going
B not to go
C not having been going
D not to be going
2. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are __.
A out of work
B out of stock
C out of reach
D out of practice
3. They __ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out
B carried off
C carried on
D carried forward
4. Mrs. Brown is supposed __ for Italy last week.
A to have left
B to be leaving
C to leave
D to have been left
5. He?s watching TV? He?s __ to be cleaning his room.
A known
B considered
C regarded
D supposed
6. My camera can be __ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A treated
B adjusted
C adopted
D remedied
7. A new technique __, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A working out
B having worked out
C having been worked out
D to have been worded out
8. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded __ 27%.
A by
B for
C to
D in
9. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become __.
A hurt
B damaged
C spoiled
D harmed
10. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will __ over his business to his son.
A take
B hand
C think
D get
11. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let?s have __ one this month.
A another
B more
C the other
D other
12. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to __.
A the other
B any other
C another
D other
13. It was difficult to guess what her __ to the news would be.
A impression
B reaction
C comment
D opinion
14. I decided to go to the library as soon as I __.
A finish what I did
B finished what I did
C would finish what I was doing
D finished what I was doing
15. We are interested in the weather because it __ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A benefits
B affects
C guides
D effects
16. Will all those __ the proposal raise their hands?
A in relation to
B in contrast to
C in excess of
D in favor of
17. Children are very curious __.
A at heart
B in person
C on purpose
D by nature
18. The match was cancelled because most of the members __ a match without a standard court.
A objected to having
B were objected to have
C objected to have
D were objected to having
19. The man in the corner confessed to __ a lie to the manager of the company.
A have told
B having told
C being told
D be told
20. The teacher doesn?t permit __ in class.
A smoke
B to smoke
C smoking
D to have a smoke
21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to __ it.
A postpone
B refuse
C delay
D cancel
22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you __ you need.
A all the information
B all the informations
C all of information
D all of the informations
23. Not until the game had begun __ at the sports ground.
A had he arrived
B would he have arrived
C did he arrive
D should he have arrived
24. Young people are not __ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.
A conservative
B content
C confident
D generous
25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is __.
A granted
B implied
C exaggerated
D remedied
26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go __ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.
A unrecorded
B to be unrecorded
C unrecording
D to have been unrecorded
27. I have no objection __ your story again.
A to hear
B to hearing
C to having heard
D to have heard
28. The clothes a person wears may express his __ or social position.
A curiosity
B status
C determination
D significance
29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have __ opportunity to change his mind.
A accurate
B urgent
C excessive
D adequate
30. You will see this product __ wherever you go.
A to be advertised
B advertised
C advertise
D advertising
第二部分定语从句长难句成分分析及翻译练习
5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.
人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到既有教育意义又有娱乐性的层出不穷的新节目。（后置译法）
6. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband?s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would nee d money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。（句首译法）
7. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。（倒装、定从使用）
8. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by
the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.
随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会（部分）传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原。
9. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves?preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制。
10. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests，may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻（union with close kin）的禁止。
第三部分阅读理解的基本理念（见PPT）
第三节非谓语动词，练习及其译法，阅读理解讲解及练习
第一部分阅读理解题目
练习：
When my first child was born, my mother-in-law said to me: …Motherhood is a wonderful just as long as you remember that A Mother?s Place is in the Wrong. No matter what you do, your children will blame you.?
Sine that time, almost nine years ago, I have carefully monitored mothers and their growing offspring to verify this maxim, and found that indeed it contains much truth.
If, on the other hand, a mother sends her little lamb to the local neighborhood school, the little lamb will grumble tears later that his parents did not give a fig for education and that is why he was illiterate and on the dole.
If a woman has a job, her children will speak mournfully of the experience of being latch-key kids who never knew what it was to come home to the joy and security of mum baking bread in the kitchen.
If she considers it to e best to end the marriage, they will accuse her of causing them …parental deprivation syndrome? and obligation them to grow up in …a one-parent situation?.
Truly, a mother?s place is in the wrong place---and, yea, it goes on even unto the third generation. When your children encounter trouble or difficulties as adults, in their own marriages or in their personalities, whom do you blame? You?ve got it in one: Mother.
1. Having thought about her mother-in-law advice, the author _________________.
A was inclined to doubt the advice
B interviewed women whose children had grown up
C decided to put the advice to the test
D asked adults about their children
2. The passage suggests that the local schools ___________________.
A make children feel insecurity
B have a poor educational record
C allow children too much freedom
D are for the children of …suburban cabbages?
3. According to the passage, a woman who divorces her husband will ____________________.
A be backed by her children
B be blamed by her children
C usually blame her husband
D soon lose the children?s affection
4. It can be concluded from the passage that mothers _________________.
A are willing to take the blame
B are blamed unfairly
C can not be blameless
D cannot avoid blame
The worldwide consumption of bakery food products is increasing. Many populations that formerly relied solely on rice or coarser grains as their main source of carbohydrates show a preference for compounded bakery products as new industry and increased incomes make them more widely accessible. Japan is an outstanding example of countries following this trend. The United States has shown a steady downward trend in per capita consumption of cereal-based foods for many years, and the consumption of sweet bakery foods, such as cakes or pastry, has been increasingly displacing bread consumption.
Probably 95% of the white bread sold in the United States is enriched with thiamine, niacin, and iron, and about 30 of the states have laws requiring white bread enrichment. Formerly, calcium and vitamin D were frequently added to enriched bread, but lack of consumer demand and questionable nutritional benefit led to gradual phasing out of these enrichments. India has attempted to encourage consumption of protein-enriched bread, with some success. Except for research projects, little has been done in other countries, however. In areas where bakery products comprise a large proportion of the diet, they could provide an ideal vehicle for nutritional supplementation. The need for better quality in the daily diet occurs mostly in the developing counties, where carbohydrates foods --- usually cereals --- are the basic components of the diet and therefore the logical protein carriers.
1.Japan is used in this passage t illustrate a fashion in many countries ___________.
A to enrich bread
B to invest more in food industry
C to increase consumption of bakery foods
D to increase a reliance on rice and grains
2. Because of little demand and questionable value ____________.
A calcium and vitamin D are no longer added to bread
B cereal-based foods are being replaced by bakery products
C rice and coarser grains being replaced by bakery products
D little has been done to encourage consumption of enriched bread
3. According to the passage, popular cereals could be the best way in developing countries to ___.
A supplement the diet
B displace rice consumption
C increase reliance on carbohydrates
D phase out necessary bread enrichments
4. From the passage, we learn that there is a worldwide trend towards _____________.
A enriching the nutritional value of bread
B increasing the consumption of protein
C using bakery products as a source of carbohydrates
D using grains, such as rice, as a source of carbohydrates
第二部分非谓语动词难点讲解
独立主格与非谓语动词：
独立主格
独立主格的结构一：名词（代词）+ 分词[现在分词、过去分词]
Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper __ it closely.
A followed
B following
C to follow
D being followed
All things __, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered
B be considered
C considering
D having considered
独立主格的结构2：with + 名词（代词）+ 分词[句子当中作状语]
After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with
girls as well as boys __ to go to school.
A to be encouraged
B been encouraged
C being encouraged
D be encouraged
非谓语动词
非谓语动词的结构：分词（分词短语）
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词；如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
43.No matter how frequently __, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed
B performing
C to be performed
D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏；
to be performed 将要被演奏；being performed 正在被演奏；
一些特殊的动词：
第一个：remember 记住；
62. I remember __ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering
B him once offering
C him to offer
D to offer him
第二个：want 想要；
48. Your hair wants __. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A cut
B cutting
C to cut
D being cut
18. This room is so dirty that it wants __.
A cleaning
B to clean
C being cleaned
D cleaned
第三个：mean 意味；
25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __ trouble.
A making
B to make
C to have made
D having made
练习：
41. It is not difficult to ________ the idea that machines may communicate information to us.
A) admit B) receive C) accept D) convince
42. I have not the least ________ of hurting your feelings.
A) concept B) intention C) mind D) purpose
43. As the shortage of certain metals approaches, others must be found to take their ________.
A) share B) place C) role D) shape
44. The new power station is reported ________ within three years.
A) to have completed B) to have been completed
C) having Been completed D) to complete
45. Mary is in bed with a fever and she can?t hope to ________ the cold in a few day.
A) get over B) get away C) get off D) get out
46. Although the weather was very had, the buses still ran on ________.
A) list B) plan C) schedule D) arrangement
47. The situation today is obviously quite different from ________ it was only 50 years ago.
A) what B) which C) when D) such
48. Soon, Americans hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship ________ U.S. farmers.
A) faced B) faces C) facing D) to face
49. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they ________ better health.
A) could have enjoyed B) have been enjoying C) had enjoyed D) are enjoying
50. It is much easier to talk about social change than to ________.
A) bring it on B) bring it about C) burning it up D) bring it out
51. Jane was hit on the head by the robber and was knocked ________.
A) mindless B) unaware C) brainless D) unconscious
52. He likes doing some reading at home to the cinema.
A) than to go B) than going C) more than going D) rather than to go
53. ________ neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school.
A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) That he was accused of D) To be accused of
54. I bought a new house last year, but I ________ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) did not sell B) do not sell C) had not sold D) have not sold
55. She didn?t regret paying 200 dollars for the bookcase. As a matter or a fact, she would gladly have paid ________ for it.
A) as much twice B) much as twice C) as twice much D) twice as much
56. By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I ________ for Shanghai.
A) am leaving B) should have left C) will leave D) have already left
57. It was essential that all the necessary documents ________ to the president?s office being the end of this month.
A) be handed in B) must be handed in C) should D) had been handed in
58. The car is quite ________ of petrol.
A) economic B) economical C) saving D) sparing
59. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ________ here 50 minutes sooner.
A) would be B) should be C) had been D) would have been
60. ________ his great wealth, he always remained a man of simple tastes.
A) Except for B) With regard to C) Despite D) Although
61. The socks were too small and it was only by ________ them that he managed to get them on.
A) spreading B) extending C) lengthening D) stretching
62. Language can be defined as a tool by which human beings ________ with one another.
A) associate B) connect C) communicate D) correspond
63. As a small boy, he was slow ________ learning to read and write.
A) on B) with C) in D) about
64. Tony was ________ a mile of the hotel when he ran out of petrol.
A) within B) inside C) about D) off
65. It has been rather costly to install the machinery, but it will prove to be worth the money ________.
A) in the long run B) in conclusion C) at long last D) at the end
66. I don?t know why he ________ in the middle of a sentence.
A) broke off B) broke out C) broke through D) broke away
67. I?m sorry Andy didn?t want to go to the conference. ________ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.
A) Being B) Was he C) He had been D) Had he been
68. The minister was the person ________.
A) whom the state dinner was given in honour B) for whom the state dinner was given honour
C) whose honour the state dinner was given D) in whose honour the state dinner was given
69. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ________ on the way.
A) goes wrong B) would go wrong C) went wrong D) should go wrong
70. John had been working hard and ________.
A) so his brother had B) so had his brother C) so was his brother D) so his brother did
第三节非谓语动词的译法
1．Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving
our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. （现在分词正常使用）即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
2．Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou-En Lai.
他们两个人坐火车于1922年3月到柏林，立即去周恩来的住处。
The farmer of 1800, using a hand sickle, could hope to cut a fifth of a hectare of wheat a day.
在1800年，一个农民，使用镰刀，在一天内可望收割五分之一公顷小麦。
3．When Chou En Lai?s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.
周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到的是一个身材瘦小、比普通人略高一点的人，两眼闪着光辉，面貌很引人注意，称得上清秀。
4．With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot earn their living, let alone support parents.
随着物价和房租迅速上涨，许多年轻大学毕业生无法挣钱养活自己，更不用说赡养父母。5．Situated at the base of the Mt. Lofty Ranges, Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
阿德莱德位于罗夫迪岭山麓，属地中海型气候。
This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.
附近风光秀丽，过去是燕京八景之一。
6．Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was.
朱德顾不得来过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调说明自己的身份。
第四节非谓语动词，长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解
第一部分语法及词汇练习
北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里……
——《庄子?内篇?逍遥游》
41. I can?t understand how you ________ these unpleasant surroundings.
A) put out B) put down C) put up with D) put forward
42. ________ you decide to take up you should try to make it a success.
A) Whatever B) Unless C) Whenever D) If only
43. If Harry did not attend the conference last night, he ________ too much work to do.
A) must have had B) must have C) had had D) had to have had
44. John often attends public lectures at the University of Oxford, chiefly ________ his English.
A) to improve B) improving C) to have improved D) improved
45. It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures ________ to solve the problem.
A) were taken B) be taken C) must be taken D) take
46. I am ________ of your stupid conversation.
A) annoyed B) worried C) angry D) tired
47. They are building the dam in ________ with another firm.
A) comparison B) association C) touch D) tune
48. Most parents encourage their children to take an active part in social events, ________ those events do not interfere with their studies.
A) lest B) though C) unless D) provided
49. Orlando, a city in Florida, ________ for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom.
A) which is well known B) is well known C) well known D) being well known
50. He is ________ a writer as a reporter.
A) more B) rather C) not so much D) not much
51. Jim is sorry ________ so impolite to your guest last Saturday.
A) to be B) having been C) being D) to have been
52. I suppose that when I come back in ten years? time all these old houses ________ down.
A) will have been pulled B) will have pulled C) will be pulling D) will be pulled
53. To be sure, some insects can build complex societies ________ different types of individuals performing different tasks.
A) taken from B) made of C) composed of D) developed from
54. The students will put off the outing until next week, ________ they won?t be so busy.
A) when B) as C) since D) while
55. I have not found my book yet; in fact, I am not sure ________ I could have done with it.
A) whether B) why C) what D) when
56. If you do not fasten your safety belt, your chances of being ________ will be greater.
A) beaten B) hurt C) damaged D) stricken
57. “ ________” for many years, the writer suddenly became famous.
A) Having ignored him B) To be ignored C) To have been ignored D) Having been ignored
58. This bird?s large wings ________ it to fly very fast.
A) able B) enable C) unsure D) cause
59. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ________ to it.
A) have not gone B) did not go C) had not gone D) should not have gone
60. I don?t swim not, but I ________ when I was a kid.
A) used to it B) used to doing it C) used to D) used to do
61. I found my daughter sitting in the kitchen, crying ________.
A) strongly B) bitterly C) heavily D) deeply
62. You are getting too old for football. You?d better ________ tennis instead.
A) take in B) take up C) take for D) take over
63. When the two young people were married, the ceremony was anything ________ up to data.
A) but B) beside C) except D) apart from
64. He didn?t mention anything about the party, ________ the date.
A) either even B) even nor C) even neither D) not even
65. After being rescued from the air crash, the people agreed that they had much to ________.
A) thank B) be thanked C) be thankful D) be thankful for
66. This new method not only saves time but also saves energy ________ operating on two batteries instead to four.
A) in B) on C) by D) for
67. What ________ to him is whether the job allows him to pursue his studies.
A) matters B) refers C) happens D) applies
68. He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any ________ about what was meant.
A) doubt B) wonder C) question D) consideration
69. It is predicted that heavy rains are ________ to flood the area in a few days.
A) frightening B) threatening C) scattering D) warning
70. In most of the United States, the morning newspaper is ________ by school age children.
A) directed B) discharged C) derived D) delivered
第二部分非谓语动词长难句分析及翻译
1．Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.
译文：由哈格雷夫（Hargrave）和吉恩（Geen）所进行的研究，对自然条件下的群落捕食速率进行了估计，其手段是通过测量出实验室内单独的浮游动物种类的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地状况下的群落捕食速率。
2．But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.
译文：但是，要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某种知识，即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合——而对这一领域，我们尚未进行充分的探索。3．More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
译文：更有可能的是鸟类运输：或者是通过外部途径，即由于种籽偶然粘附在羽毛上；或者是通过内部方式，即由于鸟类吞食果子并随后将种籽排泄出来。
第三部分阅读理解
Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn?t. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won?t end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient?s chest. The first sample products aren?t expected for another 10 or 20 years: But some people are already worrying that they? 11 work-and that America?s overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation?s health.
31. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________.
A) a technical failure B) a technical wonder
C) a good life-saver D) an effective means to treat heart disease
32. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc ________.
A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C) may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected ________.
A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B) to be set fully in the patient?s chest
C) to be equipped with an external power source
D) to create a new passage for infection
34. The word “them” in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to ________.
A) doctors who treat heart diseases
B) makers of artificial hearts
C) America?s health-care programs
D) new models of artificial hearts
35. Some people feel that ________.
A) artificial hearts are seldom effective
B) the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
C) the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
D) America?s health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation?s health
第五节被动语态，练习及其译法、阅读理解讲解
第一部分被动语态的使用
1．主动语态变被动语态的方法
主动语态变被动语态要遵循以下的规律：“主（语）变宾（语），宾（语）变主（语），动词变‘be + done?，其余部分带下来。”
*done代表各种动词的过去分词。
e.g.: The student broke the window yesterday.
主语动词宾语其余部分
The window was broken by the student yesterday.
主语动词（be done形式）宾语其余部分
I am carrying a box into the room. 我正在把一个箱子搬进房间。
The box is being carried by I (me) into the room. 一个箱子正在被我搬进房间。
（主语I变成by形式，宾语a box变成主语放在句首，动词am carrying 变成is being carried 形式，而其他部分into the room带到下句,一般将by结构省略。）
2．几种特殊句型的被动语态
①含有双宾语句子的被动语态。
e.g.: I gave him a pen.
主语动词间接宾语直接宾语
本句有两种变法，既可以将间接宾语变成主语(a)，有可以把直接宾语变成主语(b)。
a. You were given a pen.
b. A pen was given to you.
注意将直接宾语变成主语，要用to来连接动词和间接宾语（宾格形式），切不可省略。
②含有复合宾语句子的被动语态。
e.g.: We elected him our president.
主语动词宾语宾语补足语
按照变化规律本句应变化为：
He was elected our president by we (us).
但是有些情况（如下），要用to来连接宾语补足语和动词。
I made the door open.
The door was made to open.
*注意：在本句中make是使役动词(包括感观动词)，它后接不加to的不定式做宾语补足语，但是变成被动语态时要将to还原，不可省略。
She saw me walking along the street.
I was seen to being walked along the street
③含有情态动词句子的被动语态。
e.g.: He need look after his mother in the hospital.
按照变化规律本句应变化为：
His mother need be looked after in the hospital.
含有情态动词句子变被动语态的规律是：情态动词+be+动词原形。
④含有动词词组句子的被动语态。
e.g.: He looked at the picture. 按照变化规律本句应变化为：
The picture was looked at by he (him).
注意：在过去分词looked后，切记不要忘记at这个介词，因为look at是完整的动词词组。
⑤含有宾语从句的被动语态。
e.g.: I think that she is a nurse.
如果按照变化规律变化本句的话，宾语是一个句子，而不是词。这时可以有以下两种变化方法：
a.将宾语从句中的主语看作宾语而进行变化，即：She is thought to be a nurse by I (me).
b.将宾语从句用it这个形式主语来代替而进行变化，即：It is thought that she is a nurse by
I (me).
We said that he has been rich. 变化为：
第二部分词汇及语法练习
41. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people ________.
A) have objected B) objected C) must object D) will object
42. There was a ________ drop in support for the Union in the 1974 election.
A) delicate B) distinct C) distant D) downward
43. The computer works very fast, ________ data at the speed of light.
A) having handled B) handing C) handled D) hands
44. Through out his life, Henry Moore ________ an interest in encouraging art in the city of Leeds.
A) contained B) secured C) reserved D) maintained
45. They claim that ________ 1,000 factories closed down during the economic crisis.
A) sufficiently B) approximately C) considerably D) properly
46. If you happen to ________ my lost papers while you?re looking for your book, please let me know at once by telephone.
A) come across B) come up C) come to D) properly
47. Her fluency in English gives her an advantage ________ other girls for the job.
A) above B) over C) than D) with
48. It is ________ impossible to find a good educational computer program in this part of the country.
A) barely B) hardly C) merely D) nearly
49. What he told us about the affair simply doesn?t make any ________.
A) sense B) idea C) meaning D) significance
50. As a mother, she is too ________ towards her daughter, she should let her see more of the world.
A) hopeful B) protective C) modest D) confident
51. “Doesn?t he know that it is not ________?” “Yes, he does.”
A) truth B) some truth C) the truth D) any truth
52. That tree looked as if it ________ for a long time.
A) hasn?t watered B ) didn?t water C) hadn?t been watered D ) wasn?t watered
53. Hitler set out to conquer all of Europe in the belief that the Germans were the master
________.
A) race B) human C) blood D) brains
54. Ever since Picasso?s painting went on exhibit, there ________ large crowds at the museum every day.
A) is B) has been C) have been D) are being
55. Don?t f orget to walk the dog while I am away, ________.
A) can you B) shall you C) do you D) will you
56. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ________ weather.
A) so fine B) such a fine C) such fine D) so fine a
57. There were beautiful clothes ________ in the shop windows.
A) spread B) displayed C) exposed D) located
58. Mr. Smith advised us to withdraw ________.
A) so that to get not involved B) so as to get not involved
C) so as not to get involved D) so that not to get involved
59. ________ in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.
A) Since the loss of 50,000 soldiers B) Because of 50,000 soldiers having lost
C) Having lost over 50,000 soldiers D) 50,000 soldiers were lost
60. Knowing something as a whole is far from knowing all its ________.
A) instance B) character C) items D) details
61. ________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
A) Had it not been B ) It were not C) Weren?t it D) Had not it been
62. The minister had his secretaries ________ a press conference.
A) arrange B) to arrange C) arranging D) arranged
63. She left the reception early because she ________ get up early the next morning.
A) needed B) might C) used to D) had to
64. Let?s not wait any longer, he might not ________ at all.
A) turn over B) turn up C) used to D) turn down
65. Anne couldn?t concentrate ________ what she was doing while her family were watching TV.
A) to B) on C) for D) in
66. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ________ from you sometime.
A) to have heard B) to hear C) having heard D) hearing
67. ________ men have learned much from the behavior of animals in badly new.
A) That B) Those C) What D) Whether
68. It?s necessary ________ the dictionary immediately.
A) that he will return B) that he returned C) that he return D) that he has to return
69. Franklin?s ability to learn from observations and experience ________ greatly to his success in public life.
A) contributed B) owed C) attached D) related
70. The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen ________ immediately.
A) to B) at C) on D) with
第三部分被动语态的翻译方法
1. Today this treasury if silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is no effective system.
现在宝贵的泥沙被水坝拦住了，却没有除盐的有效办法。
2. Yet the Nile has been changed by modern man in ways not yet fully understood.
然而现代的人却让尼罗河发生了变化，不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什么变化。
3. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication.
因为它非常润滑，所以可以用作润滑剂。
4. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.
植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉。
5. When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refinery to be treated. The commonest from of treatment is heating. When the oil is heating, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporized. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.
油田打出原油以后，便送到炼油厂去处理。最普通的处理就是加热。石油经过加热，最先冒出来的蒸汽冷却后就是质量最高的汽油。汽油的沸点低，倒一点在手上，很快就挥发了。随后从石油分离出来的气体可以浓缩为煤油。最后产生的是各种等级的润滑油。剩下的便是重油了，可以用作燃料。
第四部分阅读理解讲解及练习（见PPT）
Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose-schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.
There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rate kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.
We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes. We want whatever we write to be read, from firs t word to last, not just thrown into some “letters-to-be-read”file (档案) or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skill of interesting, effective writing.
36. In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food because ________.
A) both writers and cooks have to work long hours every day B) both are essential to life
C) both writers and cooks can earn a good living D) both are enjoyable
37. A public “scribe” (Para. 2, Line 1) is ________.
A) a secretary who does your business or social writing B) a machine that does writing for you
C) a public school where writing is taught D) a person who ears a living by writing for others
38. According to the passage, some managers don?t have to do any letter writing because ________.
A) they rely on quick notes B) they have excellent secretaries
C) they have a computer to do it D) they prefer making phone calls
39. According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some “letter-to-be-read” file, ________.
A) it will receive immediate attention B) it will be dealt with by the secretary
C) it is likely to be neglected D) it is meant to be delivered soon
40. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is ________.
A) to explain and persuade B) to comment and criticize
C) to interest and entertain D) to argue and demonstrate
第六节被动语态，长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解
第一部分词汇及语法练习
41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ________ for her examination.
A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared
42. Five minutes earlier, ________ we could have caught the last train.
A) and B) but C) or D) an order
43. I cannot give you ________ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.
A) an expense B) a charge C) a purchase D) an order
44. After ________ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed
45. By the end of this month, we surely ________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A) have found B) will be finding C) will have found D) are finding
46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to ________ any further responsibilities.
A) take on B) get on C) put up D) look up
47. Having no money but ________ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A) not to want anyone B) not wanting anyone C) wanted no one D) to want no one
48. We desire that the tour leader ________ us immediately of any change in plans.
A) inform B) informs C) informed D) has informed
49. Not ________, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.
A) obviously B) surprisingly C) particularly D) normally
50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ________ the guards discovered what had happened.
A) before B) until C) since D) when
51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ________ the developments and recorded every detail.
A) in B) at C) for D) on
52. There?s little chance that mankind would ________ a nuclear war.
A) retain B) endure C) maintain D) survive
53. Nuclear science be developed to benefit the people ________ harm them.
A) more than B) other than C) rather than D) better than
54. They usually have less money at the end of the month than ________ at the beginning.
A) which is B) which was C) they have D) it is
55. In the course of a day students do far more than just ________ classes.
A) attend B) attended C) to attend D) attending
56. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ________ to be a great disappointment.
A) turned up B) turned in C) turned out D) turned down
57. Many difficulties have ________ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
A) risen B) arisen C) raised D) arrived
58. He made such a ________ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.
A) genuine B) minimum C) modest D) generous
59. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, of course, made the
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姓名：准考证号： 2012年度上半年全国翻译资格（水平）考试试卷 笔译实务 （英语·三级） 国家人事部中国外文局 二○一二年五月
Section1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（50 points）Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 100 minutes. PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned. In his West African homeland, Mr. Jall ow?s salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia?s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe. Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.” The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta. The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans. Experts say thousands more — many of whom have been moving around North Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them. But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch. “It keeps the hunger away,” he said. The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jal low?s. From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers? union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.” The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters. “So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”
CATTI三级笔译综合能力资料
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2015-2016年CATTI三级笔译实务真题和答案(4套)
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2013年CATTI三级笔译实务真题
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)(50 points) 文章来源：The New York Times The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped In HIGUERA DE LA SERENA, Spain —It didn’t take long for Manuel Garc ía Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything —and there was work that needed to be done. But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up. And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain —young and old —do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park. “It was an initiative from them,”said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “
CATTI三级笔译综合能力模拟试题
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