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长句复杂句(答案)

长句复杂句(答案)
长句复杂句(答案)

实训3:

目录

注意树形结构与线形结构、形合与意合 (1)

注意语言单位的推移 (2)

注意从句性质的转变 (2)

注意句界的调整 (3)

各种策略的综合 (3)

短文翻译 (4)

注意树形结构与线形结构、形合与意合

1.Carbon-rich compounds extracted from a meteorite that fell in Australia in

1969 spontaneously formed vesicles when the compounds were dissolved in water.

译文:1969年,一颗陨石坠落在澳大利亚境内,从该陨石中提取的富碳化合物在水中分解时,会自动释放出小气泡来。

2.When shot into turbines on wings, oil has shrunk the planet in a way that was

once the stuff of science fiction.

石油,在注入飞机机翼上的涡轮机后,就像昔日的科幻小说中描述的那样,将地球缩小了。

3.From a long-term perspective, Internet shopping is but a low-level aspect of

the Net, and it is not very likely to become the most important trend.

从长远看,网上购物仅仅是低层次的网络化,未必会成为主流。

4.Aflash plant sends water through a series of chambers on the surface that

rapidly reduce the water’s pressure, causin g it to vaporize; the steam is then used to make electricity.

急骤蒸发系统发电厂通过地面的一系列降压室将水排放出来,使泉水压力急骤下降而汽化,然后利用这种蒸汽发电。

注意语言单位的推移

1.The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as

25,000 feet.

在所有的钻洞中,钻的最深的要算油井了,油井可深达25000英尺。

2.Because talking computers will do it more easily, quickly, efficiently,

universally, and cheaply, they will replace written language.

因为语音电脑能够更容易、快捷、有效、大范围、廉价地完成任务,所

以它将取代书面语言。

3.Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry. The peace which Oxford

once knew, and which a great university city should always have, has been

swept ruthlessly away.

牛津已经被汽车工业毁了。一座大学城应该具有的昔日闻名的宁静和安

逸已荡然无存。

4.Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance,

but if a creature is exterminated or an alien species introduced, then the

ecology of the district will be upset.

环境没有受到干扰的地方,生态是平衡的;但如果原有物种被灭绝或者

新的物种被引进,那么该地区的生态就会被扰乱。

注意从句性质的转变

1. A.C. can also be changed into D.C. by a device called rectifier, which lets

current flow only one way.

交流电也能够借助于一种叫做整流器的装置变为直流电,整流器只允许

电流单向流动。

2.Freeing aluminum from its compounds is something very difficult, which

accounts for its recent introduction into general use.

从化合物中提取铝不是一件容易的事,因此铝直到最近才被普遍使用。

3.Record of human behavior must be obtained in a form that can be matched

by the output of a computer.

必须用某种形式记录认得行为,以便使之与计算机所输出的行为相匹配。

4.If the amount of sugar in the blood falls below a critical level, a possible

consequence of the enzyme defect, the brain’s activity ceases and death can

strike suddenly.

当血液中的含糖量低于某一临界水平时,酶的缺乏可能导致大脑停止活

动,以致猝死。

5.When Hutton and Lyell presented evidence to refute the notion that earth

was created 6,000 years ago, the people raged.

当赫顿和李尔提出证据驳斥地球是6000年前创造的说法时,人们勃然大怒。

6.Others will respond negatively the suggestion that human problem-solving

can be related to computer information processing.

把人类的解题思维活动同计算机的信息处理联系起来的想法会引起另一些人的反

对。

注意句界的调整

1.Many engineers work on projects in teams that include scientists,

technicians, and other engineers; however, some engineers act as

independent consultant who sell their services to people who need

engineering assistance.

2.很多工程师跟人合作做项目,其团队中有科学家、技师和其他工程师。

但是,也有一些工程师是独立的顾问,想那些需要技术支持的人出售服

务。

3.Lovins proposes a nifty scheme, which would reduce the consumer price of

such energy-efficient cars while increasing the price of gas guzzler.

洛文斯提出了一个绝妙的方案。该方案一经采用,便会降低节能汽车的

零售价格,而提高高油耗汽车的价格。

各种策略的综合

1.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90,

researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was

greater shrinkage of outer layer of the brain known as the cortex.

研究者对320名年龄为66到90岁的健康男子和女子脑部扫描后发现,受试者的受教育经历每多一年,其大脑外层中叫做脑皮层的部位沟回将增多萎缩。

2.For example, Coffey’s team reported, among subjects of the same sex and

similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to

10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who have four

years of schooling.

3.In a typical procedure for investigating eidetic imagery, the experimenter

places a richly detailed picture against an easel painted a neutral grey, gives the child 30 seconds to look at it, removes the picture, and then asks the child to describe what he sees on the easel.

短文翻译

So what causes a volcano to erupt and how do scientists predict eruptions? When a part of the earth’s upper mantle or lower crust melts magma forms. A volcano is essentially an opening or a vent through which this magma and the dissolved gases it contains are discharged. Although there are several factors triggering a volcanic eruption, three predominate: the buoyancy of the magma, the pressure from the excluded gases in the magma and the injection of a new batch of magma into an already filled magma chamber.

As rock inside the earth melts, its mass remains the same while its volume increases- producing a melt that is less dense than the surrounding rock. This lighter magma then rise toward the surface by virtue of its buoyancy. If the density of the magma between the zone of its generation and the surface is less than that of the surrounding and overlying rocks, the magma reaches the surface and erupts.

Determining the timing of an eruption in a monitored volcano depends on measuring a number of parameters, including, but not limited to, seismic activity at the volcano (especially depth and frequency of volcanic earthquakes), ground deformations (determined using a tilt meter and/or GPS, and satellite radio interferometry), and gas emission (sampling the amount of sulfur dioxide gas emitted by correlation spectrometer). An excellent example of successful forecasting occurred in 1991. Volcanologists from the U.S. Geological Survey accurately predicted the June 15 eruption of the Pinatubo Volcano in the Philippines, allowing for the timely evacuation of the Clark Air Base and saving thousands of lives.

长句的翻译-复杂的长句

长句的翻译-复杂的长句 泛瑞翻译 在法律翻译中,最难处理的莫过于“长句”。“长句”具有两个典型特点:句子字数多,起码要超过50个单词;句子结构复杂,从句和各种修饰性成分较多。在法律英语中,“长句”出现的频率远远多于等其他英语作品。可以说,正确地理解和翻译长句,是法律翻译成败的关键。 对于法律英语中的“长句”,可以通过“拆分一组合”翻译法加以翻译。具体而言,就是要首先按照从宏观到微观的原则,将“长句”拆分成“短句”,进而分析出句子的主体结构;然后再把“短句”翻译出来;最后再把译文组合成通顺的汉语。其中的关键是“拆分”长句和“组合”译文。 在“拆分”长句的过程中,有一些拆分的“标志”:第一,句子中有标点符号的,可以从标点符号的位置,将句子分割开。第二,句子中有“连接词”的,可以将句子从“连接词”处进一步分割;所谓的“连接词”包括表示逻辑关系的词,比如and, or, but, however等;引导从句的词,如that, which, when, where,while等。第三,句子中有介词短语的,比如at, for, in 等介词所引导的介词成分,可以对介词成分进行进一步的分割。 在“组合”译文的过程中,要注意其中的逻辑关系,在英一汉法律翻译处理上,最终的译文要符合汉语的表达习惯,达到准确、通顺、易懂的标准。 在法律英语中长句的形成主要体现为以下三种方式:第一,复杂的从句;第二,多个并列结构;第三,多个分句。本课将通过例句具体分析上述三种类型“长句”的翻译及技巧。 一、复杂的从句 通过多个从句来使句子结构复杂化,是增加句子长度的重要方式,例如: 例1:When the goods have arrived at their destination,the consignee that demands de-livery of the goods under the contract of carriage shall accept delivery of the goods at the time or within the

日语句子的翻译技巧---复杂长句专题

一、如何分析理解长句和复杂句 (一)掌握日语句子结构特点: 1、谓语位于句子的末尾。 2、谓语是整个句子的重点和核心。 (二)分析日语的句子结构: 日语和汉语一样,有单句和复句。单句主要是由句节和词组构成,而复句是由分句构成, 还可分为联合复句(由表示并列、选择、递进等关系的分句构成)和偏正复句(由表示转折、假设、因果、推论、取舍、让步等关系的分句构成)。分析单句着眼于分析各句节或词组在句中所属的成分;分析复句则应该弄清分句与分句之间的关系。再逐一分析各个分句。 ○約束の時間にたがわずはいってこられたその方はわたしの隣の椅子に腰を下ろすや否や、十年の知己でもあるかのように、日中友好運動の発展ぶりについて質問され、運動の現状 をいろいろ聞かれた。 ●他按约定的时间走了进来,刚在我旁边的椅子上坐下,就像十年的知己似的,问起中日友好 运动的发展情况,并详细询问了运动现状。 ○同様に、西欧的文明圏に普遍的なエチケットで無作法とされている行為の中で、食卓で音をたてて飲み食いすることの与える不快感の度は、今日の日本人の想像しうるよりもはるかに強いものがあるのである。 ●同样,在西欧文明世界所普遍通行的礼节中,餐桌上吃喝时发出响声被认为是不礼貌的行 为。这种行为给人们带来的不愉快的程度是远非日本人所能想象得到的。 ○頭脳全体の働きは非常に複雑なもので、神秘的にさえ見えるが、これを構成する個々の脳細胞に関しては、それが他の脳細胞に刺激を与える興奮状態にあるか、逆に非興奮状態にあるかの二つの状態の差があるに過ぎない。 ●整个大脑的活动非常复杂,甚至令人觉得神秘。然而,构成人脑的每一个细胞却只有两种状态的差别: 或处于刺激其他脑细胞的兴奋状态,或与此相反,处于非兴奋状态。 (三)分析长句和复杂句的方法和步骤: 第一步:抓住句子的重点和核心:句子末尾的谓语 第二步:找出与句末位于相呼应的主语以及与句末谓语有直接关系的其他谓语,并分析其关系 第三步:逐一找出与上述主语、谓语有直接关系的部分,并分析其关系 第四步:分析剩余的部分,并准确理解它们在句中的作用

长句译法

长句的翻译 1.什么是英语长句? 英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列,平行。所以翻译长句,实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。 2.英语长句的特点是什么? 一般说来,英语长句有如下几个特点: 1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多; 2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申; 3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断; 4)并列成分多; 5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长; 6)习惯搭配和成语经常出现。 3.英语长句的分析方法是什么? 1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构; 2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词; 3)分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系; 4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。 4.长句翻译方法 In Africa I met a boy,who was crying as if his heart would break and said,when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 分析:

第一,拆分句子:这个长句可以拆分为四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days. 第二,句子的结构分析:(1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:I met a boy…。(2)crying后面是状语从句“as if his heart would break”。(3)“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。 第三,难点部分的处理:“crying as if his heart would break”应译为“哭得伤心极了”。 参考译文:在非洲,我遇到一个小孩,他哭得伤心极了,我问他时,他说他饿了,两天没有吃饭了。 一般来说,长句的翻译有顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法四种。现将各种方法举例说明如下: 1)顺序法 有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排,或按逻辑关系安排,与汉语的表达方式比较一致,可按原文顺序译出。例如: Combined with digital television sets, videodiscs can not only present films but also offer surround sound which provides theatre quality-amazing reality by which the viewers may have an illusion that they were at the scene and witnessed everything happening just around them. 分析:按意群的关系,该句可以拆分为五部分:Combined with digital television sets/videodiscs can not only present films but also offer surround sound/which provides theatre quality-amazing reality/by which the viewers may have an illusion/that they were at the scene and witnessed everything happening just around them.除了必要的增减词,原文各句的逻辑关系,表达次序与汉语基本一致,因此可以按原文译出。 参考译文:与数字式电视机相结合,图像光盘不仅可以演电影,还提供环境声音,产生电影院效果——令人吃惊的真实感,使观看者产生一种错觉,以为他们在现场目睹他们周围发生的一切。 2)逆序法 “逆序法”又称“倒置法”,主要指句子的前后倒置问题。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同,甚至语序完全相反,这就必须从原文的后面译起,逆着原文的顺序翻译。逆序法在长句的翻译中,我们可根据不同的情况按意群进行全部逆序或部分逆序。例如:

(完整版)英语长句子翻译技巧

英语长句子翻译技巧 对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的 分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。在翻译长句时, 首先,不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理,因为,无论是多么复杂的句子,它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的 特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。 英语长句的分析 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从 句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。 (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配 英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。 (1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。 (2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。 (3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来 叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。 (4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的 仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。

[全]复杂的英语长句翻译详解

复杂的英语长句翻译详解 首先,熟悉一下陌生的单词: Interpol:国际刑警组织,全称是International Criminal Police Organization red notice:也就是我们经常听到的“红通”,和“issue”搭配。issue做“发出”、“签发”解释时,后接宾语通常是比较正式的“通知”。 fugitive:逃亡的 heir:继承人 hit-and-run:肇事逃逸 接下来看到原文。可以看到原文的主语是interpol,但我在处理的时候换掉了主语,并变成了一个被动句。这样做的目的在于方便组织,另外还因为这个句子的所有信息基本都指向了arrest后面的宾语heir。所以干脆以他为主,再将主动

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英语长句的翻译方法

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长句复杂句(答案)

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Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译 Translation of English Long Sentences 1. 何谓长句 所谓长句,主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句,亦可指含义较多的简单句。 2、汉英长句比较 英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。 3、英语长句的分析 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语(主干/句), 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。 (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 例:Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。 (2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等。 译文:行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平 4. 翻译方法 4 . 1 顺译法Synchronizing 有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排,或按逻辑关系安排,与汉语的表达方式比较一致,可按原文顺序译出。 例(1)In international buying and selling of goods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial losses. (在)国际贸易货物的买卖(中)存在着各种各样的风险,这些风险的发生将会给(有关的)商人们带来经济损失。 例(2) (1)In Africa I met a boy,(2) who was crying as if his heart would break and said,(3)when I spoke

英语长句的翻译

英语长句翻译的步骤 1“六步法” 1 紧缩主干(捋出主句主语、谓语及宾语)。 2 区分主从(析出从句并捋出从句的主语、谓语及宾语以及修饰关 系)。 3 辨析词义(特别是主干中的词义)。 4 分清层次(推断句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心)。 5 调整搭配(特别是主谓及动宾搭配,调整语序)。 6 润饰词语(选词、炼句并考虑文体的适应性)。 2英语长句的翻译方法 英语长句汉译时,一般可采用以下几种方法:包孕法、切断法、拆译法、倒置法、插入法和重组法。 (1)包孕 包孕就是指将英语后置修饰成分(包括各种词组或从句)在汉译时放在中心词(即被修饰成分)之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。修饰词前置是汉语的正常语序。因此,只要修饰成分不要过长,汉译后没有拖沓之嫌,我们可以尽量译成前置包孕,这样可以使句义十分紧凑,结构上整体感强。 但是,运用包孕法翻译时要特别注意包孕部分不宜过长,成分不宜过于复杂。一般来说,汉语前置修饰语不宜超过25~30字。 Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it,the amount and sources of funds,membership,and names and salaries of their representatives. 国会已制定法律,要求大部分压力集团呈报他们花费了多少钱、怎样花的。款项的总额以及来源、成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况。 The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its function. 大会得设立其认为于行使职务所必需之辅助机关。 (2)切断法 切断法,基本上是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”,也就是在语句的连接处,如使用关联词语处,并列或转折处,后续成分与主体连接处等,以及按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。

高考复习 学生用 英语长句、难句和复杂句

划分句子成分 1. He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when faced with the huge untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside his textbooks. 2. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 3. What would doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in good health, is found to have a form of disease that will cause him to die within six months? 4. So my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty little, although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable me to visit the countries of Socialism. 5. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injury, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cottage. 6. In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it---if possible, during their husband’s life, but, at any rate, after his death. 7. One can perhaps get a clearer picture of Japan’s ser ious population pressure by imaging what Switzerland would be like if that small and mountainous county were lived by 28 million people instead of the 5.7 million at present. 8.When a good private school recently closed, some thoughtful citizens suggested that it be taken over by the public school system and used for boys and girls of high ability, that it have entrance requirements and give an advanced program of studies to excellent students who were invited and able to take it . 9. Having never operated a computer, Mr. Johnson met with a lot of difficulties at first. 10. Invented fewer than 20 years ago, it has already become one of the greatest things of the 70-year-old electronics. 11. All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. 12. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching, my chances of getting the job were little. 13.Finally he had saved $50,which some Henning people living in Chicago, who were back home visiting, had assured him was enough to see him eat and sleep long enough to find himself a job

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