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三级期末复习材料

Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: For each of the following incomplete sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.

1. In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep ______ with the rapid changes of society.

A) step B) progress C) pace D) touch

2. Here, as in most other parts of the hilly country, one school served for up to four or five _______villages.

A) scattered B) maintained C) outdated D) surrounded

3. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th ______ the birth of Jesus Christ.

A) in accordance with B) in hopes of C) in favor of D) in honor of

4. There was no person _____ enough to understand it.

A) known B) learned C) taught D) studied

5. There were some_____ flowers on the table.

A) artificial B) unnatural C) false D) unreal

6. Don’t place too much ____ on his advice.

A) reliance B) emphasis C) trust D) obedience

7. It was not until three hours later did I ______ to what he said.

A) catch on B) caught on C) caught up D) catch up

8. The professor ________ the whole chapter, saying it was not difficult for us to study it by ourselves.

A) dismissed B) covered C) skipped D) explored

9. The cost of living _____ has gone up all the time.

A) indication B) level C) standard D) index

10. We must come to a decision and take action quickly, for time is _______ faster than we think.

A) catching on B) stepping up

C) running out D) revolving around

11. He is not such a fool as you______ him to be.

A) think B) regard C) assume D) consider

12. Dr. Smith is starting the first training program himself, and his methods of teaching will be used in all ________training programs.

A) temporary B) subsequent C) fruitful D) energetic

13. Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really ____ of the reality that they represent.

A) reflections B) demonstration C) illustrations D) reproductions

14. He came back late, ______ which time all the guests had already left.

A) after B) by C) at D) during

15. Whoever disobeys the company’s safety regulations shall be ______on the spot.

A) interrupted B) switched C) dismissed D) revealed

16. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than ______ a room with someone else.

A) share B) to share C) sharing D) to have shared

17. It seemed for a while that infants were ______ to Aids.

A) contribute B) attend C) attribute D) immune

18. ______ I read novels and ______ I watch TV for a change.

A) Sometime / sometime B) Sometimes / sometimes

C) Some time / some time D) Some times / some times

19. Many young women do aerobics every day in their _____ to achieve the perfect body.

A) quest B) strain C) temptation D) campaign

20. The government has ______ defense spending.

A) cut away B) cut across C) cut back on D) cut through

21. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, ______ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.

A)while B) since C) after D) as

22. The old lady took the cheese and ______ to eat.

A) commended B) commented C) renounced D) commenced

23. I ______ upwards and could see a few stars twinkling in the sky; one seemed much brighter than the others.

A) gazed B) turned C) pleaded D) twisted

24. Because her jeans fit too_____ she didn’t feel comfortable at all.

A)firmly B) tightly C) closely D) fastened

25. The manager finally changed his mind under ____.

A) tension B) obligation C) press D) pressure

26. _______ the warning that smoking kills , the number of smokers does not seem to frop in our country.

A) With B) Despite C) For D) As

27. TV, if properly used, can ____ a child’s imagination.

A) cause B) arise C) encourage D) stimulate

28. The museums in the developing world often have fewer security measures and thus remain more _________ thefts.

A) weak to B) flexible to C) sensitive to D) vulnerable to

29. A judge must be ______ when weighing evidence.

A) interested B) disconnected C) detached D) separated

30. We can’t ______ the suspects to be guilty simply because they’ve decided to remain silent.

A) interpret B) grant C)assume D)arrest

31. As Christmas drew near, the children were______.

A) filled with anticipation B) full of anticipations

C) full with anticipation D) filled of anticipation

32. Large-scale studies are needed to _______ the encouraging results we have obtained so far.

A) confirm B) conduct C) commit D) contract

33. Prior _____ 1944, there was no atomic bomb.

A) at B) to C) in D) before

34. When her mother came back, she _____ in the sofa watching TV.

A) curled up B) called up C) setting up D) torn up

35. After he learned the bad news, he couldn’t set his mind____ his job.

A) to do B) to C) doing D) with

36. If these problems are not _______ early in their training, they can be a real danger to themselves and to their instructors.

A)sipped B)spotted C)contacted D)responded

37. The clerk held my passport four inches from his face and ________ to read it.

A) affected B) flipped C) strained D) giggled

38. He is quite sure that it’s ______ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.

A) absolutely B) exclusively C) fully D) roughly

39. The new machine ______ seeds evenly and quickly over the whole field.

A) switched B) controlled C) risked D) distributed

40. When his wife was away on business, he could ____the entire house _____.

A) have…to himself B) take…to himself

C) get…to himself D) occupy…to himself

41. All flights ______ because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train.

A) having been canceled B) having canceled

C) had been canceled D) were canceled

42. In order to reach ________ physical fitness for the coming match, he cut out all social activities and concentrated on his training.

A) maximum B) temporary C) extensive D) detached

43. You don’t have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you ______ on business first.

A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone

44. Clara was _____ to sell her late husband’s paintings to pay her debts.

A)qualified B)assumed C)racked D)compelled

45. All the questions the police asked ______ what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.

A)brought up B) built on C) revolved around D) singled out

46. Breaking Mary’s doll was purely _____; John did not mean to do it.

A) occasional B) accidental C) casual D) incidental

47. The lawyer outlined the case to him, being careful not to ______anything important.

A) save up B) cut through C) leave out D) take out

48. The official ________of events is that the police were attacked and were just trying to defend themselves.

A) version B) issue C) illusion D) perspective

49. Suggesting something which he or she can do__________the child’s sense of achievement.

A) makes up B) adds to C) brings to D) pass on

50. Our system has been designed to give the user quick and easy _____ to the required information.

A) accent B) response C)access D)approach

51. I was ___ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A) to B) on C) at D) in

52. The time of day when you feel most ____ is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.

A) energetic B) vigor C) enthusiastic D) dynamic

53. This is a very formal occasion. It is not appropriate to wear ____pants or skirts.

A) messy B) frantic C)jealous D)casual

54. So far only a dozen people who had direct contact with live chickens have ______the bird flu.

A) distributed B) displayed C) constituted D) contracted

55. English _____ dramatic changes in sounds throughout the history of the English language.

A) underwent B) undertake C) understate D) undermine

56. The mother didn’t know who ______ for the broken glass.

A) blamed B) be blamed C) to blame D) would blame

57. Those postcards are______ their trip to America.

A) mementos of B) mementoes of C) traces of D) memento of

58. People must their way of thinking according to the changed circumstances.

A) restore B) reform C) acquire D) adjust

59. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of traveling ______ heavy schedules.

A) with regard to B) as to C) in relation to D) owing to

60. They got a ____ result, and they were wild joy.

A) magic B) magician C) magnetic D) magical

（一）

A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to

vegetarianism（素食主义）on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein —the body-building element in food. If you have ever been without meat or other animal foods for some days of weeks (say, for religious reasons) you will have notice that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast（禁食）is over and you get your reward of a delicious meat meal.

Proteins are built up from about twenty food elements called "amino-acid" (氨基酸) , which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological（生理学的）point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism.

The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams (克) of protein a day, has to consume a great bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day. (276 words)

1. A strict vegetarian ________.

A. rarely eats animal products

B. sometimes eats eggs

C. never eats any animal products

D. never eats protein

2 We feel weak when we go without meat and other animal products _____.

A. because we are reducing our food amount

B. because we do not get enough protein

C. because vegetables do not contain protein

D. unless we take plenty of exercise

3. Proteins are built up from ________.

A. about twenty different foods

B. about twenty different vegetables

C. various fats and sugars

D. about twenty different amino-acids

4. Physiologically, life-long vegetarianism may not be good because ______.

A. it makes people very thin

B. the body must process too much waste

C. the farmer lose money

D. vitamin-deficiency diseases may result

5. One thing in favour of vegetarianism is that ________.

A. vegetable food is easier to digest

B. animal food is less expensive

C. vegetable food is cheaper

D. it is good for the digestion

（二）

One day, when I was on my way to my high school, another young man who was walking past me decided to show off in front of his friends and show them how "manly" he really was. Without saying a word, he walked up to me and began punching me. Once I began fighting back, he pulled out a gun and pointed it straight at me. After seeing this, I ran as fast as I could towards my school, hearing the group of boys laughing badly behind me. While most people hold the belief that inner-city schools can only hinder the learning process, I would argue that these schools provide experiences which enrich one's education simply because of their location (位置) in the city.

To clarify this point, I must first describe the ways in which Saint Ignatius High School is different from the typical inner-city school. This private, Catholic (天主教的) institution consists mostly of white students who come from wealthy families. Although Saint Ignatius is in the city, it also gives its students one of the best education in the state.

Society usually tends to focus on the negative side of inner-city schools. Many people like to stereotype (模式化) these schools which, while these general statements may be true in some cases, tend to be worse most of the time. Take Mrs. Borroni, my Spanish teacher, for example. She would often take time out of her class to tell her students about the numerous activities after class with which we should get involved. She loved her job so much that she stayed after school every day to moderate activities such as Amnesty International and the Spanish Club. Her students, including me, joined all of the clubs which she moderated just because she made them so interesting.

Because of Mrs. Borroni, I got heavily involved in the school's activities and learned a lot in the process. (313 words)

1. The author's argument that inner-city schools "provide experiences which enrich one's education simply because of their location in the city" is based on ________.

A. consensus opinion

B. his personal experience

C. a film he saw D . a story he read in a book

2. Saint Ignatius High School differs from the typical inner-city school in all the following except ________.

A. minority students

B. poor students

C. location in a city

D. inferior education system

3. Many people tend to speak more of ________.

A. the negative sides of inner-city school

B. teachers' lack of love for teaching at St. Ignatius

C. students' lack of love for learning at St. Ignatius

D. daily fights at St. Ignatius

4. All the following describes Mrs. Borroni except ________.

A. hard-working

B. considerate

C. responsible

D. indifferent

5. It seems that the author's attitude toward inner-city school is ________.

A. optimistic

B. defensive

C. critical

D. bitter

(三)

Do you know how to use a mobile phone (手机) without being rude to the people around you?

Talking during a performance irritates (激怒) people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate (振动). When your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance.

Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places—especially enclosed spaces. Would you want to listen to someone’s conversation in these places? Worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral! It happens more often than you think. Avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off.

When eating at a restaurant with friends, don’t place your mobile phone on the table. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you.

Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone. This enables you to speak quietly so that others won’t hear the details of your conversations. If you are calling from a noisy area, use your hand to direct your voice into the microphone.

Many people believe that they can’t live without their mobile phone. Owing a mobile phone definitely makes life more convenient, but limit you’re your conversation to urgent ones and save the personal calls until you are at home.

1. What should you do when you need to answer a phone call during a performance?

A) Call back after the performance B) Answer it near the exit door

C) Talk outside the exit door D) Speak in a low voice

2. Putting your mobile phone on a restaurant table may make your friends think _______.

A) you prefer to talk to your friends at the table

B) you value your calls more than your friends

C) you are enjoying the company of your friends

D) you are polite and considerate of your friends

3. When you are calling in a noisy area, you are advised to ________.

A) use a more sensitive microphone

B) shout loudly into your microphone

C) go away quietly to continue the phone call

D) use your hand to help speak into the phone

4. The author implies that the use of mobile phones in such places as museums should be_______.

A) limited B) expected C) discouraged D) recommended

5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A) You should limit your mobile phone calls to personal affairs

B) You should speak quietly into your phone while in a church

C) You are supposed to turn off your mobile phone at a funeral

D) You are supposed to use your mobile phone as much as possible

（四）

I'm coming off this plane, and landing at London airport. I'm looking around for a middle-aged woman, my Aunt Penn, who I've seen in pictures. The photographs are out of date, but she looked like the type who would wear a big necklace (~[) and flat shoes, and maybe some kind of narrow dress in black or gray. But I'm just guessing since the pictures only showed her face.

Anyway, I'm looking and looking and everyone's leaving and there's no signal on my phone and I'm thinking Oh great, I'm going to be abandoned at the airport so that's two countries they don't want me in, when I notice everyone's gone except this kid who comes up to me and says, "You must be Daisy." And when I look relieved he does too and says, "I'm Edmond." "Hello Edmond," I said, "nice to meet you." I look at him hard to try to get a feel for what my new life with my cousins might be like.

Now let me tell you what he looks like before I forget because it's not exactly what you'd expect from your average fourteen-year-old what with the cigarette and hair that looked like he cut it himself with a knife in the dead of night, but aside from that he's exactly like some kind of mutt, you know the ones you see at the dog shelter who are kind of hopeful and sweet and put their nose straight into your hand when they meet you with a certain kind of dignity and you know from that second that you're going to take him home? Well that's him.

Only he took me home. I'll take your bag, he said, and even though he's about half a mile shorter than me and has arms about as thick as a dog leg, he grabs my bag, and I grab it back and say Where's your mom, is she in the car? And he smiles and takes a drag on his cigarette, which, even though I know smoking kills and all that, I think is a little bit cool, but maybe all the kids in England smoke cigarettes? I don't say anything in case it's a well-known fact that the smoking age in England is something like twelve and by making a big thing about it I'll end up looking like an idiot when I've barely been here five minutes. Anyway, he says Mum couldn't come to the airport because she's working, and everyone else seemed to be somewhere else, so I drove here myself.

1. Daisy flew to London to

A) see England B) live with her aunt C) meet Edmond D) visit a friend

2. Before Edmond greeted her, Daisy felt

A) anxious B) curious C) relieved D) excited

3. Edmond waited till everyone was gone before greeting Daisy because __

A) he did not want to talk to a girl before others

B) he did not get Daisy's phone call

C) he had never seen Daisy before

D) he was looking for a middle-aged woman

4. What did Edmond look like in Daisy's eyes?

A) An average fourteen-year-old. B) A lost dog.

C) An old friend. D) A man with dignity.

5. Daisy did not make any comment about Edmond smoking because

A) she knew all children in England smoke cigarettes

B) she thought smoking did harm to one's health

C) the smoking age in England is about 12

D) she did not want to make a fool of herself

（五）

Throughout my childhood, I rarely ever heard about any kind of crime. Obviously I was going to have to behave (表现) a little bit differently in this new environment. Because of St. Ignatius's view as an essential part of the community, people could not exactly be banned from walking around the campus during the day. This meant that I would sometimes see homeless people begging for money as I ran from class to class. One day I ran into someone begging on the corner near school. I decided to give the homeless person a dollar. At the time I saw no reason in my teachers' warnings. For the next week straight, this man waited for me at the same place in the hopes that I would give him more money. He hassled me every day until I finally told him that I was not going to give him anything else. Because this may have been an unusual case, I did not want to make any conclusions about homeless people. However, I did learn from this experience that I should probably listen to my teachers more often on issues such as this one.

Students' lives become enriched simply by attending an inner-city school. For someone who had lived in the suburbs all his life, such as myself, a new style of living can be experienced. If St. Ignatius High School were not in the middle of Cleveland, I would not have had so many opportunities to grow and mature as a person. Going to school in the city helped me to overcome the childish views I once had, and I am now better prepared to take on the challenges which await me in life. (282 words)

1. Why did people there walk around the campus during the day?

A. Because the local people came to learn here.

B. Because his school was viewed as an essential part of the community.

C. Because his school was opened to all people.

D. Because the local people wanted to take shortcuts.

2. In the sentence in Paragraph 1 "He hassled me every day until I finally told him that I was not going to give him anything else." the word "hassled" means ________.

A. attacked

B. begged

C. troubled

D. asked

3. What lessons did the author learn from the beggar's case?

A. He realized how dangerous it was as a middle school student.

B. He learned from the experience that he should listen to his teachers on the issue.

C. He decided he would not help anyone anymore.

D. He thought all homeless people were bad.

4. Which of the following statements is not the evidence that students' lives became enriched by attending an inner-city school?

A. The religious aspect of one's life grew.

B. One was easily able to get involved in community.

C. One would never make mistakes.

D. One became much more aware of the dangers which exist in the city.

5. ________ makes the author better prepared to take on the challenges which await him in life.

A. His teachers

B. The curriculum of St. Ignatius

C. His life experience at St. Ignatius

D. His religious belief

（六）

I was born with a disability that affects my sense of balance, causing me to walk with a limp. Not only does it affect the function of the legs, but it also has an impact on the kidneys.

The disability has had its ups and downs. As a young child, I can remember the way other children would stare at me because of the way that I walked. There were many times that my schoolmates would laugh at me and

call me names simply because of their lack of understanding, especially back in the mid 70s and early 80s. Children then were just unwilling to take the time to learn why one of their classmates might walk, speak or seem noticeably different from themselves.

Now that I am an adult, I have noticed that the stares and names have begun to fade, and judgments that once were negative have begun to turn toward acceptance. The signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has played a great part in breaking down some of those barriers (障碍) that, as a child, left me to fight a war that seemed to have no end. Now I look beyond what I can’t do and focus on what I can. I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed, showing other ways to meet our needs. I have always looked at life as a challenge, grasping each obstacle with open arms.

There is nothing in this world that comes easy. I must stand tall and look forward, to be ever so ready for what still lies ahead. People often feel sorry for those who were born with some type of disability. But their compassion (怜悯) is misplaced.

Yes, I may not be able to run as fast or perform certain tasks, but my disability gives me a better look at life and all that’s around me. I want to be seen not as a disability but as a person who has, and will continue to, bloom (成长). So I decide to become an advocate (倡导者) on behalf of disabled Americans, to fight for our rights that for so long have been ignored.

I feel that it only takes one powerful voice to change the minds of many nations, and as long as I have a mouth to use and a mind to think I will continue to work to bring peace upon the disabled community.

1. Why did children stare at the author when he was young?

A) He walked in an uneven way

B) He often lost his balance and fell to the ground

C) He had an appearance quite different from others

D) He spoke in a different way from others

2. It can be inferred from the passage that in the 1970s, disabled children________.

A) were not accepted by their peers

B) received different treatment at school

C) had frequent fights with their classmates

D) had ups and downs in their life

3. Being disabled, the author _________.

A) has lost many a battle in his life

B) looks at life as a challenge

C) focuses on the limitations he has to suffer

D) is angry for the many opportunities he has lost

4. According to the author, his disability _________.

A) has given him a better understanding of life

B) aroused sympathy from people around him

C) is a constant barrier between him and the community

D) has prevented him from growing up to a full person

5. Why did the author decide to become an advocate for the disabled?

A) He still has a mouth to see and a mind to think

B) He has got a powerful voice to change people’s minds

C) The signing of the ADA has failed to change a thing in their life

D) Their rights are still being ignored

综合素质-材料分析答题模板(小学和中学)

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3 、学生是具有独立意义的人：每个学生都是独立于教师的头脑之外，不依教师的意志为转移的客观存在；学生是学习的主体；学生是责权的主体第三节、教师观：新课改背景下的教师观包括教师角色的转变和教师行为的转变。 1、教师角色的转变：（1）从教师与学生的关系看，新课程要求教师应该是学生学习的促进者；（2）从教学与课程的关系看，新课程要求教师应该是课程的建设者和开发者；（3）从的关系看，新课程要求教师应该是教育教学的研究者和反思的实践者；（4）从学校与社区的关系来看，新课程要求教师应该是社区型的开放教师。教师角色的转变总结一下就是“学生反建社”：学生是指学生学习的引导者和发展的促进者；反是指研究者和反思的实践者；建是指课程的建设者和开发者；社是指社区型的开放教师。 2、教师行为的转变：（1）由于教师是学生学习的引导者，所以教师要帮助引导学生；（2）由于教师是学生发展的促进者，所以教师要尊重赞赏学生；（3）由于教师是教育教学的研究者和反思的实践者，所以教师在对待自我上强调反思；（4）最后，在对待与其他教育者的关系上，新课改强调合作。

12级工程材料期末考试复习

期末考试复习题型：1.单项选择题占10% (基本理论知识的应用) 2.填空题占10% (基础概念) 3.名词解释占12% (重要名词) 4.问答题占48 % 5.分析（作图计算）题占20% (铁碳二元相图) 一．单项选择题。10个共10分主要来自2,3,4,9章例如：1.纯金属的晶体结构是：（） A.非晶体; B.单晶体; C.纯晶体; D.多晶体. 2.Fe3C是化合物其性质是（） A.硬度极高,塑性极差; B.硬度极高,强度很高; C.硬度不高,塑性尚好; D.硬度不高,塑性很差. 3.为了改善高碳钢的切削性最好是经过（）处理。 A.完全退火; B.球化退火; C.调质; D.正火. 4.牌号为W18Cr4V的钢材，属于（）。 A.碳素结构钢; B.碳素工具钢; C.合金结构钢; D.高速钢. 5.单件生产大型轴类零件，合适的毛坯制造方法为（） A.铸造; B.模锻; C.冲压; D.自由锻. 二、填空题。20空共10分主要来自1，2,3，4,6,8,9章例： 1.最常见的3种硬度测试方法分别是、、。

2.纯金属结晶的特点是和，金属结晶过程的实质是和。 3．钢的热处理是将钢在固态下以适当的方式进行、和，以获得所需组织和性能的工艺过程。 4．依据钢中含碳量分类，工业用钢可分为、和。 5．钢铁材料以外的金属材料通常称为。 6．铸件凝固结束后往往在某些部位出现孔洞，大而集中的孔洞称为；细小而分散的孔洞称为。三．重要名词：单晶体，多晶体，过冷度，合金，组元，相，合金相图，固溶体，铁素体（F）,奥氏体（A），渗碳体（Fe3C），珠光体（P）,莱氏体（Ld），马氏体，淬透性,淬硬性，调质处理、同素异构转变,冷变形强化。四、问答题。 1.什么是过冷度？过冷度与冷速有何关系？过冷度对金属结晶后的晶粒大小有何影响？ 2．什么叫金属的结晶？纯金属结晶的基本规律是什么？纯金属结晶与合金结晶有何异同？ 3. 晶粒大小对金属材料的机械性能有何影响？结晶时哪些因素影响晶粒度的大小？如何影响？采取哪些方法可以细化晶粒？

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