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2018高中化学苏教版必修1课时跟踪检测：(三) 物质的聚集状态含解析

课时跟踪检测（三）物质的聚集状态

1．下列有关气体体积的叙述中，正确的是( )

A．一定温度和压强下，各种气态物质的体积的大小，由构成气体的分子大小决定

B．一定温度和压强下，各种气态物质的体积的大小，由构成气体的分子数决定

C．不同的气体，若体积不同，则它们所含的分子数也不同

D．气体摩尔体积是指1 mol任何气体所占的体积约为22.4 L

解析：选B 在一定的温度、压强下，气体的体积取决于微粒数目的多少，A错误，B正确；若状态不同，气体的体积大小和分子数多少不能判断，C错误；标准状况下的气体摩尔体积是22.4 L·mol－1，若不在标准状况下，1 mol气体所占的体积可能不是22.4 L，D错误。

2．常温常压下，用等质量的CH4、CO2、O2、SO2分别吹出四个气球，其中气体为CH4的是( )

解析：选D 等质量时，摩尔质量最小的CH4的物质的量最大，同温同压下气体体积最大。

3．下列说法正确的是( )

A．1 mol CO和1 mol N2所含分子数相等，质量相等，它们所占的体积也相等

B．22.4 L H2和71 g Cl2恰好反应生成2 mol HCl

C．非标准状况下，1 mol任何气体的体积一定不是22.4 L

D．1 mol HCl在标准状况下的体积约是22.4 L

解析：选D A项中，分子数、质量相等，但是没有指明是同温、同压条件下，气体的体积不一定相等；B项中，22.4 L H2不一定是1 mol，所以不一定恰好反应；C项中，非标准状况下，1 mol气体的体积可能是22.4 L；D项中，HCl 在标准状况下体积约为22.4 L，正确。

4．下列说法中，正确的是( )

A．1 mol O2和1 mol N2所占的体积都约为22.4 L

B．H2的气体摩尔体积约为22.4 L

C．在标准状况下，1 mol H2和1 mol NaCl所占的体积都约为22.4 L

D．在标准状况下，22.4 L由N2、N2O组成的混合气体中所含有的N的物质的量为2 mol

解析：选D A项没有指明条件，无法判断；B项，气体摩尔体积的单位应是L·mol－1；C项，标准状况下，NaCl不是气态，它的体积远小于22.4 L；D 项，标准状况下，22.4 L由N2、N2O组成的混合气体的物质的量为1 mol，又因为每个分子中都含有2个氮原子，因此所含有的N的物质的量为2 mol。

5．下列说法正确的是(N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值)( )

A．在常温常压下，11.2 L N2含有的分子数为N A

B．标准状况下，4 g H2所占的体积约是22.4 L

C．32 g O2在标准状况下所占的体积约为22.4 L

D．在同温同压下，相同体积的任何气体单质所含的原子数相同

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