2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题及名师解析

2018年可锐考研英语阅读模拟试题及名师解析（四）

Of all thecomponents of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, awindow opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. Acentury ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were thedisguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the randombyproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researcherssuspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotionalthermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line。”And oneleading authority says that, these intensely powerful mental events can be notonly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleepand feel better. “It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s MedicalCenter. “If you don’t like it, change it。”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is asactive during REM sleep—when most vividdreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the Universityof Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbicsystem is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex is relatively quiet. “We wake up fromdreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day”，saysStanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement。The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients inCartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in thenight, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that theyare working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because ourconscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think aboutthe emotional significance of the day’s events—until, itappears, we begin to dream。And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwrightbelieves one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soonas you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how youwould like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up justenough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to,literally, do it in their sleep。At the end of the day, there’s probably littlereason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleepingor “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and generalfeelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Thosesuffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For therest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or ratherdream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning。31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams [A] can be modified in their courses。[B] are susceptible to emotional changes。[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears。[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs。32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show [A] its function in our dreams。

[B] the mechanism of REM sleep。[C] the relation of dreams to emotions。[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex。33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to [A] aggravate in our unconscious mind。[B] develop into happy dreams。

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep。[D] show up in dreams early at night。34. Cartwright seems to suggest that [A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。[D] dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes havebad

dreams? [A] Lead your life as usual。[B] Seek professional help。[C] Exercise conscious control。[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime。名师解析31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams 研究人员已经逐步相信梦[A] can be modified in their courses. 可以在过程中被修改。[B] are susceptible to emotional changes. 容易受到情感变化的影响。[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears. 反应我们内心的欲望与恐惧。[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs. 是神经修复的随机结果。【答案】A 【考点】事实细节题。【分析】题干关键词“researcher”在第一段第四句出现，而在此之前，作者主要介绍了过去有关梦的定义，包括“Freud”以及“20世纪70年代神经学家”的说法。第四句开始，文章作者提到了当代的研究者的观点“梦可以调节人的情绪，梦不仅可以被驾驭，还可以有意识地对其进行控制，梦可以改变。”通过这样的一个分析比较归纳，考生应该能够比较容易地得出[A]这个正确答案。选项[B]属于干扰项，但是出题人故意偷梁换柱，将梦影响情绪说成情绪影响梦。选项[C]是“Freud”的理论，选项[D]是70年代的理论。32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show 作者提及边缘系统是为了说明[A] its function in our dreams. 它在我们梦中的功能。[B] the mechanism of REM sleep. 快速眼睛运动睡眠的机制。[C] the relation of dreams to emotions. 梦和情绪的关系。[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex.. 它和前额皮层的区别。【答案】C 【考点】推断题。【分析】在第二段第三句中可以找到边缘系统及其含义，然后根据上下文谈论的内容，如上文的“情感大脑”和下文的专家的话，从而判断出答案是选项[C]。其他的三项，文中提到“边缘系统属于情感大脑”，但是并没有说它在梦中的功能，所以选项[A]不正确。文中对快速眼睛运动睡眠只不过给了个简单的词汇解释，并没有对其机制进行任何的讲解，故选项[B]扩大了范围。文中提到“前额皮层”，说它是智力和推理中心，但是没有讲解它和边缘系统的关系，所以选项[D]也属于典型的无中生有型干扰项。33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to 白天产生的负面的情绪趋于[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind. 在潜意识里面加剧。[B] develop into happy dreams. 演变成快乐的梦。[C] persist till the time we fall asleep. 一直持续到我们睡着。

[D] show up in dreams early at night. 在夜间早些时候出现在梦里。【答案】D 【考点】事实细节题。【分析】做此题时，要求考生能够根据上下文寻找到正确的事实，“负面情绪”这个词组出处在第三段，在此之前作者有一句非常关键的话“大多数人看上去会在夜间早些时候做噩梦，然后发展成为快乐的梦，表明他们正在力图消除白天产生的负面情绪”。可见选项[A]加剧的说法正好相反，而[C]选项显然显得过早。最大的干扰源于选项[B]和选项[D]之间的联系与区别，很多考生选择了[B]，但是仔细阅读上文就会发现，负面的情绪会在恶梦里面出现，也就是在夜间早些时候出现，但是我们不能直接说负面的情绪直接演变成快乐的梦，而只能说，负面情绪通过恶梦向美梦转变的方式获得消除。所以说这道题目的干扰项[B]是出题人利用偷换概念的方式来迷惑考生的。34. Cartwright seems to suggest that 卡特怀特似乎认为[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。及时苏醒对于摆脱噩梦非常重要。[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。想象噩梦有利于控制它们。[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。应该让梦自然发展。[D] dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。做梦可能未必完全处于无意识状态。【答案】 D 【考点】事实细节题。【分析】通过阅读所有卡特怀特的内容，终于发现可以在第四段第二句卡特怀特所相信的这一部分内容中找到答案的线索。这一段的主旨是“这一过程不一定是无意识的”，紧接着，“卡特怀特相信人能够对屡次出现的噩梦进行有意识的控制，比如：确认你梦中令你不安的事情，想象一下你想如何结束它，以及

在下次做同样的梦时醒过来。”作者说这么多无非就是想证明该段主旨“这一过程不一定是无意识的”，也就是我们的[D]选项。选项[A]利用原文的“visualize”大做文章，非常重要一说值得商榷。选项[B]应该是想象它如何结束，而选项[C]的意思和本文要对梦进行控制正好相反。35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have haddreams? 对那些有时做噩梦的人，卡特怀特可能会给怎样的建议? [A] Lead your life as usual. 向平常一样生活。[B] Seek professional help. 寻求专家帮助。[C] Exercise conscious control. 锻炼有意识控制。[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime. 避免白天产生焦虑。【答案】 A 【考点】事实细节题。【分析】在第五段中，卡特怀特说：“只要梦不使我们无法睡眠或从梦中惊醒，就没有理由太在意所做的梦。恐怖主义、经济不确定及通常的不安全感都增加了人们的焦虑。那些长期受到噩梦折磨的人应该寻求专家帮助，而对其他人来说，大脑有自动消除不良情绪的方法。安心睡觉甚至做梦，早上醒来时你会感觉好多了。”这段话的意思非常明确，长期受到噩梦折磨的人应该寻求专家帮助;而其他人，也就是那些偶尔做恶梦的人，“安心睡觉甚至做梦”，也就是象平常一样。选项[B]适合长期受到噩梦折磨的人。选项[C]是控制噩梦的方法，不是卡特怀特对有时做噩梦的人的建议。选项[D]文中没有提及。难句解析： 1. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerfulmental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under consciouscontrol to help us sleep and feel better。【结构分析】该句子为复合句。宾语从句的主干是“these…events can be not only harnessed but actually brought…”，其中“notonly…but…”并列连词结构连接两个过去分词，表示“不仅被驾驭……而且被加以有意识的控制”。不定式在宾语从句中做结果状语。 2. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they areworking through negative feelings generated during the day。【结构分析】本句的主句是“most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night”。后面是两个现在分词短语做状语，分别由“progressing”和“suggesting”引导。

全文翻译：在一夜好觉的所有组成因素中，梦似乎是最无法控制的一个。在梦中，我们打开窗户看见的世界里，逻辑被中止，死人开口说话。一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了他的革命性理论，即梦是人们无意识的欲望和恐惧经伪装后的影子;到20世纪70年代末期，神经病学家们转而认为梦是“精神噪音”，即睡眠时神经修复活动的一种胡乱的副产品。如今，研究人员猜测梦是大脑情感自动调节系统的一部分，当大脑处于“离线”状态时对情绪进行规整。一名主要的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可以被加以有意识的控制，以帮助我们更好地睡眠和感觉。芝加哥医疗中心心理学系主任罗萨兰德·卡特怀特说“梦是你自己的，如果你不喜欢，就改变它。”大脑成像的证据支持了这个观点。匹兹堡大学的埃里克博士说，在梦境很形象的快速动眼睡眠中，大脑和完全清醒时一样活跃。但不是大脑的所有部分都在活动，脑边缘系统异常活跃，而前额皮层则相对安静。斯坦福睡眠研究员威廉姆·迪曼特博士说：“我们从梦中醒来，要么高兴要么沮丧，这些情绪会伴随我们一整天。”在卡特怀特的诊所的病人可以看出梦和情绪之间的联系。多数人似乎在前半夜做更多不好的梦，而在快睡醒前发展成为开心一些的梦，这说明人们在梦里逐渐克服了白天产生的负面情绪。因为清醒时我们的头脑被日常琐事占据着，所以并不总去想白天发生的事情对我们情绪的影响，直到我们开始做梦，这种影响看来才会出现。这一过程不一定是无意识的。卡特怀特相信人们可以练习有意识地控制噩梦的重复发生。当你一醒过来，立刻确定梦中有什么在困扰你，设想一下你希望这个梦怎么结束，下次再做同样的梦时，试着醒过来以控制它的进程。通过多次练习，人们完全可以学会在梦中这样做。卡特怀特说，说到底，如果梦没有使我们无法入睡或“从梦中惊醒”，就没有理由太在意它。

恐怖主义、经济不稳定及通常的不安全感都增加了人们的忧虑。那些长期受到噩梦困扰的人应该接受专家帮助，而对其他人来说，大脑有自动消除不良情绪的方法。睡一觉甚至做个梦，早上醒来时你会感觉好多了。

2018考研英语一答案

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differentiate between在两者间区分，用between 14.选C，introduced 从后文tester would ask知道tester是人，实验人员，所以选“介绍” 15.选D,inside 同意替换上文look into the container 16.选A,discovered 同意替换found 17.选C，fooled 语义上来看，既然作出惊喜表情，盒子里面却空无一物，显然是“欺骗，wrong错怪，mock取笑，betray背叛都不合文义。此外下一段t出现了trick,是fool的同意替换18.选B,willing 没有被欺骗，所以“愿意”合作；willing与hesitant是唯一一组正反选项 19选A,in contrast, 作者要证明连小孩子都会用第六感来保护自己，所以最后的这个例子一定是第二组被欺骗的小孩子们的反应，语意上看，应该选in contrast，对比逻辑 20.选C,unreliable 由于欺骗了他们，所以实验人员是”不可信的”，此外unreliable与原文焦点相关。 阅读 21.选D，middle-class workers 简单细节定位题，并无同义替换。第二段But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice,software engineering—have aroused their interest,or soon will. 再次印证了but的重要性。 22.选C，Issues arising from automation need to be tackled 主旨题，文章以发现问题-解决问题的逻辑撰写，主旨在于应对人工智能带来的负面影响，让受影响的人做好充分准备。A，B，D中的groundless,little support和avoid都涉及极端表述，无依据。 23.选A，creative potential 简单定位题，第四段…focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication

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2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about 32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.” Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.

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2015年考研英语二阅读Text1真题详解 整篇文章的主题是与我们生活息息相关的内容，文章的难度不大，相比2014年英语二的阅读来说，难度稳定，这是在我们预料之中的。 第21题According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home＿＿＿(根据第一段可知，之前的调查中认为家是一个____地方)。[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace [B] was an ideal place for stress measurement [C] generated more stress than the workplace [D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation题目中明确给出范围，所以我们只要在第一段中找答案，且要注意题目中的关键词是previous。回归第一段，不难发现文章的首句便是答案出处：A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.（新的研究显示不同于以往的绝大多数调查，人们在家比工作时的压力更大）。这句话中new、contrary to most surveys是提示词，与题目中的previous study相对应的，不难做出正确答案是[A] 第22题According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?（Damaske 认为，谁可能是最家里最快乐的？）读完题目，回到文章第二段找Damaske的观点：It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.在家男性比女性更快乐，Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.这句话的关键词是more,它与题目中的happiest最高级是相对应的，所以解这道题的关键便是nonparents.但是对于很多同学来说，nonparents是个生词，不认识。其实大家只要上过中公考研的英语词汇课，学习过词根词缀法，这个单词就变的很简单。nonparents是由否定前缀non-+parents构成的，non-这个否定前缀表示“不无非”，所以整个单词可以译为不是父母。四个选项[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers [C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers，我们可以轻易选出答案C，没有孩子且是丈夫。 第23题，The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that＿＿。回归第三段中，找到With the blurring of roles，发现前面的句子正是对这种现象的解释：for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.以及后面的the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women，指的便是女性不仅得工作赚钱，而且还得在家得忙家务，所以她们的身份是双重的。所以选[D] they are both bread winners and housewives. 第24题，The word“ moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means＿＿这是一道词义推测题，它与前文中的marking money是近义词，答案选[C] earnings收入。 第25题The home front differs from the workplace in that＿＿。文章第5段there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;家务劳动不会像工作一样得到足够的奖励，而且分工也是不明确的。答案对应选项[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut. 虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，

2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及参考答案

2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及参考答案 Text 1 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is str uck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their?children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.” 1. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.? [A] trying out different lifestyles [B] having a family with children [C] working beyond retirement age [D] setting up a profitable business 答案：C 2. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to?____.

考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译

英语二T e x t 1 1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 [A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对） [C] is not required for advanced courses（正反） [D] is gaining more preferences（正反） 2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的。但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。

2017年考研英语(二)真题与解析

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