2012年职称英语考试真题与答案(卫生类B级)
词汇选项：
1.The city center was wiped out by the bomb.
A.covered
B.reduced
C.destroyed
D.moved
2.The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A.need
B.love
C.hate
D.pity
3.A larg crowd assembled outside the American embassy.
A.watched
B.shouted
C.walked
D.gathered
4.He inspired many young people to take up sports.
A.allowed
B.encouraged
C.called
D.advised
5.The storm caused severe damage.
A.serious
B.physical
C.accidental
D.enviromental
6I think$7a drink is a bit steep,don’t you?
A.tight
B.low
C.cheap
D.high
7.Do we have to wear these name tags?
A.lists
B.forms
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b56302563.html,bles
D.codes
8.Most baby can take in a wide range of food easily.
A.bring
B.keep
C.serve
D.digest
9.Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted”Joe,Joe,Joe”
A.repeated
B.jumped
C.maintained
D.approached
10.What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.
A.shocks
B.influences
C.confuses
D.concerns
11.All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A.color
B.arrangement
C.size
D.function
12.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.
A.fresh
B.hot
C.heavy
D.windy
13.The walls are made of hollow concret blocks.
A.big
B.long
C.new
D.empty
14.Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.
A.modernize
B.offer
C.provide
D.fund
15.Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.
A.slightly
B.partly
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b56302563.html,pletely
D.Faintly
第二部分：阅读判断
下面的短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Tiny Invaders
The human body is truly amazing.It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun,and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much—until they get sick.
The germs(致病菌)that make people sick are eyerywhere. You can’t see them，but they're there.They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computers keyboard.They're even
in the air that you are breathing.There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria(细菌).Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants.Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles(麻疹).Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria aren't so good.They can make you sick.Bacteria can cause sore throats(喉痛)and ear infections.
How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing with soap and water.But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.
Once germs are inside your body,your immune(免疫的) system tries to protect you.It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs!Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect
you if the same kind of germ comes back.That way you will not get the same illness twice.
You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious(有营养的)diet to make your immune system strong.You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated(接种)Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick.Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.
16.Viruses can only live inside people or animals.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
17.All bacteria cause illnesses.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
18.Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
19.Germs can enter the body through the eyes.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
20.The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
21.After they kill germs,antibodies stay in the body.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
22Vaccines can make you sick.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第28-30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）
1Multiple Sclerosis(MS)is a disease in which the patient's immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system.This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain.However,the human body,being a flexible,adaptable system,can compensate for some level of
damage,so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.
2MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease:the relapsing form（复发型）and the primary progressive form.In the relapsing form,the disease progresses in a series of jumps;at times it is in remission（减轻）.which means that a person's normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active.This is the most common form of MS;80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed.The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years.Eventually,however,Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.
3In the primary progressive form of MS,there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place.This condition affects about 10-15%of sufferers at diagnosis.
4The expected course of the disease,or prognosis（预
后）,depends on many variables:the subtype of the disease,the patient's individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients,however,is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person-provided that a reasonable standard of care is received.In some cases a near-normal life span is possible.
5The cause of the disease is unclear;it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor.Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of20and40.It is more common in women than men;however,it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.
23.Paragraph1______
24.Paragraph2______
25.Paragraph3______
26.Paragraph4______
A.The relapsing form of MS
B.The cause of MS
C.The primary progressive form of MS
D.The definition of MS
E.The development of MS
F.The treatment for MS
27.MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and______
28.An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by______
29.10-15%of MS patients are diagnosed as having______
30.Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than______
A.the elderly people
B.relatives of MS patients
C.the progressive form
D.the brain
E.life expectancy
F.the disease
四、阅读理解
第一篇：Genetic Engineering（遗传工程）
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子),the most basic unit of life,was first described in1953by James Watson and Francis Crick.An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction.Experiments with altering human cells began in1970.In one of the first experiments,patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme,but their bodies would not accept
it.In1980patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology.Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励)in1980.The U.S.Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered"oil-eating"bacterium(细菌).This bacterium would help clean up oil spills.The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms,and three important medical products were quickly developed.
?Human interferon(干扰素)--a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease.A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product.This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
?Human growth hormone--for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height.An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙)was previously produced from human cadavers,but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E.coli,and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
?Human insulin(胰岛素)--for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef-or pork-based product until1982.Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued,though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures.There is clearly much more to discover.
31.This passage is mainly about
A.the human growth hormone.
B the effects of altering cells.
C.insulin resistance.
D.U.S.Supreme Court rulings.
32.Genetic enginerring may be defined as
A.the altering of normal cell reproduction
B.a branch of applied chemistry.
C.a procedure that holds little promise.
D.a study on life-saving enzymes.
33.According to the passage,human interferon
A.is a hormone that causes disease.
B.could be used to treat cancer.
C.is a viral disease
D.has been cured
34.In this passage,the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A.as a process.
B.from earliest to latest.
C.in a simple list.
D.as a story.
35.In the last paragraph,the word"weighed"has the cloest meaning with
A.had great influence
B.became a burden.
C.measured accurately.
D.considered carefully.
第二篇New Attempts to Eradicate（根除）AIDS Virus
An attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.
But researchers won’t know for a year or more whether it will work,scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections.
“This is a study that’s in progress,”says Ho,head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center,New York.
The study involves20people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease,within 90days of their infections.They’ve been treated for up to 18months.Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.
The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients.And,in the latest development,scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there, Ho says.“Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,”Ho says.
Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses–at least from known reservoirs throughout
the body–in two to three years.But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.On Wednesday,Ho said he wouldn’t ask any patient to consider that step before2(1/2)years of treatment.
And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early,aggressive treatment outside of trials.No one knows the long-term risks.
But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.
A federally funded study will put300patients on triple-drug treatments（三种药物混合治疗）and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress（抑制）the virus on just one or two drugs,says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California,San Diego.Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after18 months or more,he says.
36.According to the passage，the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus
A.hasn’t been made seriously
B.continues to show promise
C.is appreciated by California University
D.will be successful in two and a half years
37.Which of the following is NOT true about Ho’s study?
A.20patients were involved in the study
B.The patients have used several anti-HIV drugs
C.The patients have been treated for up to18months
D.16patients withdrew from the experiment
38.By saying“Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent”，Ho means that
A.AIDS virus may exist in the blood without being detected.
B.AIDS virus is undetectable in the blood.
C.no AIDS virus can be detected in the blood.
D.no virus found in the blood means no AIDS.
39.How can we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining virus?
A.By using up all the drugs at once.
B.By waiting for the virus to die slowly.
C.By analyzing the treatment record thoroughly.
D.By stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back.
40.Other scientists’experiments are similar to Ho’s in
A.the size of the experiment
B.the cost of the experiment
C.the time the experiment takes
D.the ways the patients are treated
第三篇Gross National Happiness
In the last century，new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However，one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate.Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan，however，was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read，and they did not know much about the outside world.Then，in1972，a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP).The GNP measures products and money.When the number of products sold increases people say the country
is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness.If the people’s happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care,education,and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy,protected environment.They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally,people are happier when they have a good,stable government.
Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer.More people are educated and employed.Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks,and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In2008,King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king,it held its first