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电路改错题集锦

1.（11南通）要测量小灯泡的额定功率，实验室提供

的器材有：标有“2.5V”的小灯泡、电池组（电压为3V）、

电压表、电流表、滑动变阻器、开关、导线若干．小

虎所接的实验电路如图甲所示，电路中部分连接不合

理，但只需改动一根导线，即可使电路连接正确．请

你在应改动的导线上打“×”，并用笔画线代替导线画出

正确的接法．

2.（09南通）小丽做测量小灯泡电功率的实验（小灯泡标有“2.5V”字样）．如图甲所示，小丽所接的实验电路存在连接错误，但只需改动一根导线，即可使电路连接正确．请你在应改动的导线上打“×”，并用笔画线代替导线画出正确的接法．

3.（08南通）小雨在拆装手电筒时，发现手电筒的小灯泡上标有“3．8V”的字样，但上面的电流值已经模糊不清，他想通过实验测量该灯泡的额定功率，图甲为他所连的实验电路．经检查发现电路接线有错误，小雨只做了一处改动就闭合开关进行实验．请在他接错的导线上打上“×”，并改正。

4.（07南通）小虎要测量一个阻值约10 Ω的电阻，图甲是

他未连接完的电路。小虎所连的电路中有错误或不妥，请

改正（在要去掉的线上打“?”，并添加相应的导线），然

后将图甲的电路连接完整，要求滑动变阻器滑片向右移时，电压表示数增大；

5.（12一模）图甲是小明在“探究电流与电压关系”的实验中所连接的实物图，其中电源电压为6V。（1）将甲图中的滑动变阻器阻值调到最大，试触开关时，会看到的现象是：

电压表：；

电流表：。

(2)图甲中有一根导线接错了,请在错误处画“×”，并在图上改正。

6.下图中是用电流表、电压表测量小灯泡电流、电压－＋

的电路，其中有一处错误，请在错误处用“×”表示，并改正过来。在右侧空白处画出正确的电路图。

7.（10南通）实验室中要测量一个阻值约为数百欧的电阻．提供的器材有：电源(电压约5V)、学生用电压表(0～6V)、电阻箱R (0～9999Ω 5A)、开关S 1和S 2、导线若干．现要测量待测电阻Rx 的阻值，设计了如图甲所示的实验电路图．根据实验电路图，连接成如图乙所示的实物电路，但存在连接错误，只需改动一根导线，即可使电路连接正确，请在接错的导线上打 “×"，并用笔画线代替导线画出正确的接法．

8．在图8电路中，圆圈a 、b 、c 表示电表，则（C ）

A ．a 是电压表

B ．b 是电压表

C ．c 是电压表

D ．c 也可能是电流表

9.如图12所示，当开关S 闭合后，灯L 1、L 2、L 3均发光，下列说法中正

确的是（）

A ．灯L 1、L 2、L 3是串联在电路中的

B ．灯L 1、L 2、L 3不是并联在电路中的

C ．甲、乙、丙是三只电流表

D ．乙表测的是灯L 2、L 3两端的电压之和

图

图12

10.下列各图中，电路连接没有错误，电表均有正常示数，请判定甲、乙各是电流表还是电压表图一甲是电流表，乙是电压表

11.如图所示：现有两只灯泡它们既可以串联也可以并联，那么在串联时三

个圆圈中该填入何种电表符号，在并联时，又该填入什么电表符号？

（1）串联时，A 是压，B 是流，C 是压。（2）并联时，A 是流，B 是压，C 是流。 12.如图2所示的电路中，把圆圈所代表的电表填入其电路符号

13.小汉观察到某一部件外壳上三个电压表的示数分别为U 1．U 2．U 3；三个电流表的示数分别为I 1．I 2．I 3。打开外壳，看到它的内部电路结构如左图所示，小汉很快猜出了U 1．U 2．U 3和I 1．I 2．I 3之间的关系。关系是怎样的呢？

探究题：

我们知道，测量时总存在误差，通常将测量值与真实值之差叫做绝对误差．初中电学实验中所用电压表的准确度等级一般是2.5级的．2.5

级电压表的含义是，用该电压表测量时的最大绝对误差不超过满刻度值的2.5﹪．下表给出了用2.5级电压表测量电压时，电压表指针的偏转角度与百分误差（即最大绝对误差与电压表读数之比的百分数）之间的关系．

电流表指针的偏转角度量程为0～3.0V 电流表的读数百分误差满刻度

3.0V 2.5% 满刻度的二分之一 1.5V 5.0% 满刻度的三分之一 1.0V 7.5% 满刻度的四分之一 0.75V 10% 满刻度的十分之一 0.3V 25% 满刻度的二十之一

0.15

（1）上表中的最后一空处相应的百分误差应是_________50____%．

（2）从上表中的数据可以看出，该电压表的指针偏转的角度越大，百分误差___小________（选填“越大”“越小”或“不变”）．

（3）如果用准确度等级是2.5级的电压表进行测量时要求百分误差小于3.75%，则该电流表指针的偏转角度应大于满刻度的___2/3____________．

图2

B L2 L1

A A A

A V C

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