嘉定区2016年高三英语一模试卷

嘉定区2015学年度高三年级第一次质量调研

英语试卷2016.1 （考试时间120分钟满分150分请将答案填写在答题纸上）

第I卷（共 103分）

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speak e rs. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. She does not agree with Jack. B. Jack’s performance is disappointing.

C. Most people will find basketball boring.

D. She shares Jack’s opinion.

2. A. In a printing shop. B. At a publishing house.

C. At a bookstore.

D. In a library.

3. A. Five courses may be too many. B. The decision must be made soon.

C. It would be smart to take more.

D. Only four courses are offered next year.

4. A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before.

C. The man doesn’t like Austin.

D. The man has been to Austin before.

5. A. Give it up and buy a new one.

B. Go and see if he left it in the hallway.

C. Check everywhere in the hall first.

D. Check the classroom to see if he left it there.

6. A. The woman is a close friend of the man. B. The woman has been working too hard.

C. The woman is tired of her work.

D. The woman is seeing a doctor.

7. A. Give the ring to a policeman.

B. Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room.

C. Hand in the ring to the security office.

D. Take the ring to the office building.

8. A. It looks quite new. B. It needs to be repaired.

C. It looks old.

D. Its engine needs to be painted.

9. A. Discussing sports. B. Watching TV.

C. Talking about the channel.

D. Talking about the news.

10. A. Less than an hour and a half. B. Not more than half an hour.

C. More than two hours.

D. More than an hour and a half.

Section B

Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage

11. A. Two months. B. Two years. C. Six months. D. Six years.

12. A. His friends. B. His family.

C. A computer.

D. A programmer.

13. A. How to get a divorce. B. A couple’s marriage.

C. Marriage in Turkey.

D. How to live together.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage

14. A. They are kept in the open prisons.

B. They are allowed out of the prison grounds.

C. They are ordered to do cooking and cleaning.

D. They are a small portion of the prison population.

15. A. They must do maintenance for the training center.

B. Most of them get paid for their work.

C. They have to cook their own meals.

D. They can choose to do community work.

16. A. Some of their prisoners are allowed to study outside the prison grounds.

B. Most of their prisoners are expected to work.

C. Their prisoners are often sent to special centers for skill training.

D. Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families.

Section C

Directions:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Dear Sally,

I recently became engaged. I love my fiancé（未婚夫）a lot but we are getting into a lot of arguments (25) ________ our wedding plans. I would prefer a small wedding, just our immediate family and closest friends. I think it is such a special moment and I only want the people who are most important to b e near us. I don’t want to be surrounded by people not really (26)_________ (care) about us. He wants the whole world to be there——the mail carrier, the baker, the butcher!!! My fiancé says a wedding day is (27)___________ (important) day in anyone’s life. He wants to share his joy with everyone.

It’s not a question whether we can afford it although I do worry about how much a wedding costs and I would rather save the money for a house. I dislike (28) ________ (fight) but I just don’t feel comfortable with his plans.

——Nervous Dear Nervous,

Planning weddings (29)________be very stressful. Each person has clear ideas about (30)________ his or her “perfect”wedding would be. Each person has dreams and hopes for that day. Now it is (31)_______ good time to practice compromising( 妥协) with your husband-to-be. Neither one of you should be unhappy on your wedding day. If you get your way, your husband will be unhappy. If he gets his way, it sounds (32)_______ _________ you will be unhappy.

Why don’t the two of y ou talk about a compromise? Perhaps a medium-sized wedding? Perhaps two weddings——a small intimate ceremony and a large reception? You will have to compromise many times in your married life. You both can start now.

——Sally

(B)

Since early times, people (33) ______ (fascinate) by the idea of life existing somewhere else besides the Earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning (34)______(locate) places where life could form. In 1997, they saw other evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even (35) ______ (near) in our own solar system.

One place scientists are studying closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probe（探索）has provided evidence (36) ______ Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probe has also made scientists think that under its surface is a rocky core (地核) which (37) ______ (give) off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions (38) ______ (need) for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals like carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe that there may be such lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may already create life or may be about to. You may wonder (39) ______ light is also needed for life to form.

Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now places have been found on earth, (40) ______ are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteri a, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface

ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.

Section B

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

You never see him, but they’r e with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you’re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is 41 normally. Their ability to withstand (承受) almost any 42 makes them seem like something out of a magic book. They’re known as the black box.

When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India Ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for 43 what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇)detected the device’s 44 five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.

In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would

45 basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. 46 flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the box was completely redesigned and moved to the back of the plane—the area least affected by impact—from its 47 position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never 48 black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.

Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which is designed to track pilots’ conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which is meant to 49 fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand huge 50 and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When in deep water, they’re also able to send signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane’s black boxes were never recovered.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is 51 on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual( 宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings 52 the natural forces of the world—even the seasonal changes—as unpredictable, and they sought through

various means to 53 these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into 54 rituals.

55 , stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were 56 , but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the seed of theatre because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. 57 , a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a(n) 58 division was usually made between the ―area of acting‖and the ―area in which an audience sits‖. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was 59 to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually 60 that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the 61 effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated from 62 activities.

Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in 63 . According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread 64 through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are 65 of animal movements and sounds.

51. A .focused B. depended C. based D. determined

52. A. viewed B. employed C. imagined D. dismissed

53. A. acknowledge B. control C guarantee D. possess

54. A. usual B. direct C. convincing D. fixed

55 A. Apparently B. Actually C. Eventually D. Naturally

56. A. spread B. abandoned C. followed D. celebrated

57. A. As a result B. In fact C. On the contrary D. In addition

58. A. conscious B. concrete C clear D extra

59. A. attached B. related C. committed D. exposed

60. A. put up B. took up C. took on D. put on

61. A. unexpected B. unpredicted C. prepared D. desired

62. A. social B. political C. economic D. religious

63. A. accounts B. story-telling C. descriptions D drama-writing

64. A. at that time B. at a time C. at first D. at once

65. A. imitations B. demonstration C. presentations D. exhibitions

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are concerned about their own appearance and actions too much. Negative thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?

It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.

Shy people, who have low self-respect, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need faith that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior. They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me feel good, I know it's not true.‖ It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.

Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determination since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self respect. It is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.

66. The first paragraph is mainly about___________.

A. the cause of shyness

B. the effect of shyness on people

C. the feelings of shy people

D. the questions in the minds of shy people

67. According to the writer, self-awareness is___________.

A. harmful to people

B. a weak point of shy people

C. the cause of unhappiness

D. a good characteristic

68. What is the shy people's reaction to praise?

A. They are pleased by it.

B. They feel it is not true.

C. They are very sensitive to it.

D. They feel they are worthy of it.

69. We can learn from the passage that shyness can ___________.

A. block our chances for a successful life

B. help us to live up to our full development

C. enable us to understand ourselves better

D. have nothing to do with lack of self respect

B

Roughly half of college students will have some degree of depression at some point during their time in school. Even more startling, 6.2 percent of college students surveyed in 2012 considered suicide and 1.3 percent attempted it, according to an American College Health Association study released this spring. If you’re feeling depressed on campus, you may find the following tips helpful.

Exercise: Physical activity releases endorphins – chemicals that produce an overall positive feeling within the body, which fight depression naturally. Mental health experts claim that exercise is a solution to those feeling mild or moderate depression. However, for those severely depressed, simply doing sports is not enough.

Use school counseling services: Campuses don’t employ mental health experts simpl y to throw thousands of dollars down the drain. Their job is to help students, so experts recommend you use them. Most students, however, are hesitant to take a trip to their college’s counseling center, fearing being laughed at by peers. As a result, some schools like Texas Christian University, are testing students for mental health problems when they get sick and visit the campus health

clinic.

Take advantage of technology:Staying in touch with family members and friends from childhood and high school has become easier than ever with the coming of Facebook and video chat services like Skype. While mental health experts insist that it’s important to make friends in your new environment and be involved in the college community, it’s also significant to keep in touch with the people you knew before college.

Go to sleep: Following a fairly regular sleep pattern can defend you against depression. In college, many students’ sleep patterns are irregular thanks to late-night studying and partying, which is harmful to their mental health. Research strongly suggests that sleep is the key to learning and memory formation.

70. According to the passage, physical activity __________.

A. is regarded as the best way to fight depression

B. contributes to the release of endorphins

C. can’t help the seriously depressed students

D. improve people’s ability to learn and memorize

71. It can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph that __________.

A. employing mental health experts on campus is a waste of money

B. students with mental health problems can’t get on well with others

C. going to college’s counseling center for help requires a lot of courage

D. sick students in Texas Christian University must take psychological tests

72. Taking advantage of technology is encouraged because it ______________.

A. provides a way to avoid getting bored

B. helps students stay in contact with others

C. offers students a way to make new friends

D. enables students to get involved in college life

73. Which of the following can NOT help one reduce depression?

A. Taking exercise regularly every week.

B. Chatting with old friends with Skype.

C. Turning to mental health experts for advice.

D. Holding parties deep into the night to relax.

C

You Are What Y ou Eat

Genetic engineering is the scientific change of the genetic material in a living organism. It allows scientists to identify specific genes, to remove them from an organism's chromosomes （染色体）, improve them, analyze them, and possibly clone them, and to then reinsert the changed gene into the original organism, or a completely different organism．Unlike traditional breeding （繁殖）, where a desired quality would be bred within the same species, genetic engineering can insert desired ones into organisms of different species．Wow--Did you catch that?

Genetic engineering creates many positive contributions to agriculture. For example, by genetically engineered（GE）foods, anti-cancer agents, minerals and vitamins can be increased．Improved taste，shelf life, and better transport are all possible. Also, GE plants can increase pest and bacterial resistance, therefore, making the food safe for consumers．But some argue that the possible negative effects outweigh the positives, and critics are

starting to voice their concerns. Unlike Europe, in the United States labeling is not required on genetically engineered foods or on foods that contain genetically engineered products. Most Americans do not realize that they are, in fact, eating GE foods．

The public is also concerned about the unknown health risks. With limited understanding of genes, scientists cannot predict possible effects．Because most genes introduced into GE plants come from sources not introduced into the human body, it is impossible to know if they will cause reactions. Moreover, due to the lack of labeling if allergies（过敏）develop, it will be extremely difficult to find the origin of them．

There is also a major moral question in many minds．For many, the conflict is not if it is safe or not, but it disturbs them because it is unnatural and unnecessary. We are currently producing one and a half times the amount of food needed to feed the world, yet one in seven people are starving．GE food is unnecessary, and fails to address the root of hunger. Many believe that the only people who will benefit are the corporations that produce it．

Scientists cannot foresee the possible effects of GE foods, yet we eat them every day without even knowing it. We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk．

74. According to the passage, traditional breeding is different from genetic engineering

because ________________.

A. traditional breeding changes the genes in the same species

B. traditional breeding changes the genes in different species

C. traditional breeding takes place within the same species

D. traditional breeding is more scientific

75. "The lack of labeling" in Paragraph 4 indicates ________________.

A. information concerning gene sources is unavailable to customers

B. it is currently possible to find the origins of some allergies

C. scientists try to hide potential dangers from customers

D. the US government is responsible for GE food

76. According to Paragraph 5, GE food is unnecessary because_____________.

A. it won't help solve the problem of hunger in the world

B. there are potential dangers in producing GE food

C. we're now producing more food than before

D. customers will benefit from GE food

77. What is the author's attitude towards genetic engineering?

A. Welcoming．

B. Disapproving．

C. Unconcerned．

D. Optimistic．

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

We take it for granted that with memory we can remember most of things which happened in our life. But it is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions(感知), the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by

memory.

Memory can be defined as the ability to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering”things like arithmetic(算术) or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.

Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity(容量) of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 ―words‖—strings of alphabetic or numerical characters—ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 1000,000 words of English. However, this is but a part of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings.

A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combination s of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

78. What can we say about ―memory‖?

79. According to the writer, the storage capacity of a human being is ______________________.

80. The advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings is based on the fact

______________.

81. What makes human beings different from other animals according to the passage?

第II卷（共47分）

I. Translation

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

82、培养一些爱好会使你的生活更充实。（enrich）

83、这中药闻起来有些怪味，但治疗感冒非常有效。（effective)

84、全副武装的警察总在恐怖袭击后最先到达现场的人群之中。（among）

85、现在空气污染如此严重，我们得下决心清除这害人的雾霾（haze）。(so…that…)

86、不仅老人可能患心脏病，由于缺乏锻炼，许多年轻人也因心脏病而病倒。(Not onl y…)

II. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions.

下面一组图片展现了现代生活方式。请根据你对这组图片的理解用英语写一篇短文。

你的短文应包含以下内容:

1、描述图片的内容；

2、分析该现象的原因；

3、结合生活实际，谈谈你的感想。

Keys for Reference

1—10: ACABD DCCBA 11—16: DCB DBA

17. Kordell 18. service 19. 5601288 20. five/ 5:00

21. makes a fool 22. embarrassed and nervous 23. the exit sign 24. learned behavior

25. about/over 26. caring 27. the most important 28. fighting

29. can 30. what 31. a 32. as if

33. have been fascinated 34. to locate 35. nearer 36. that 37. gives

38. needed 39. if / whether 40. which

41---50: D J G A H C F E I B

51—55: CABDC 56---60: BDCAC 61—65: DDBCA

66------69 BDBA 70-----73 BCAD 74-----77 CAAB

78. The ability to keep information available for later use.

It involves the change in one’s behavior.

It enables one to remember what has happened.

79. much greater than that of a computer

80. that human beings can use words/language

81. Having a far/much greater memory capacity.

82. Developing some hobbies will enrich your life.

83. The Chinese medicine smells a bit strange，but it is quite effective in treating cold.

84. The fully/heavily armed police are always among the first to be on the scene/spot after the

terrorist attack/ after the terrorist attack occurred.

85. Now the air pollution is so serious that we have to make up our minds to get rid of this harmful

haze.

86. Not only are the old likely to suffer from heart disease, but many young people are down with

it as well for lack of exercise.

Writing:

Just as the picture shows vividly, in front of the computer sits a man who is absorbed in it / is chained to it whether at work, at home or in play, overlooking the outside world completely. Eventually, he even cannot rid himself of the fantasy of using the computer in his dream.

Many factors combine to cause the phenomenon. On the one hand, the computer facilitates our work efficiency and entertainment, making it easy for us to contact each other. On the other hand, it deprives us of opportunities to get close nature and alienates(疏远) us from our families and friends. The more addicted we are to computers, the more dependent we are on them.

It should set alarm bells ringing and awaken us to the fact that addiction to the computer has posed a threat to us. Bear in mind that that computer are nothing but a tool, so we cannot be a slave to it but the master. A reasonable understanding of technology will undoubtedly pave the way for bettering our life.

听力原文：

Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension

Section A Short Conversations

Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. M: Jack thinks this year’s basketball season will be disappointing.

W: That’s his opinion. Most others think differently.

Q: What does the woman mean?

2. M: I’d like to buy a copy of Professor Frank’s book on American culture.

W: I’m sorry. The book has been out of print for some time now.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

3. W: I’m thinking of taking five courses next academic year.

M: Four courses would be wiser.

Q: What does the man advise about the courses?

4. W: I am thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it’s worth seeing?

M: Well, I wish I had been there.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

5. M: You haven’t seen my bag, have you?

W: Have you checked up in the classroom? I didn’t see you in the hall with it when you came out.

Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

6. M: Hello, Mrs. White, what can I do for you?

W: I don’t know what’s the matter with me? I’m always feeling tired, usually worn out in the evening.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

7. W: I found a diamond ring in the rest room this morning.

M: If I were you, I would turn it in to the security office. It is behind the office building.

Q: What does the man suggest?

8. W: How do you like the car I just bought?

M: Well, it seems to run well, but I think it needs a new paint job.

Q: What does the man think of the car?

9. W: I don’t like this program. It’s boring. What’s on the other channel?

M: The news about sports.

Q: What are the two speakers doing?

10.W: How much time did you have for writing the paper?

M: We were given three hours, but I finished in less than half the time.

Q: How long did it take the man to write his paper?

Section B

Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three

questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

Marriage does not always work out. Or at least, some people think that their marriage is not working out. Suleyman Guresci thought that his marriage was not working. He wanted to divorce his wife. Nesrin Caglasas. The couple lived in Turkey. Mr. Guresci had a difficult time getting a divorce from his wife. It took six years of hard fighting to get the divorce.

After the divorce, Mr. Guresci wanted to quickly find a new wife. He asked a computer dating service to help him look for one. He told the computer the kind of wife he wanted to marry, and the computer began looking for a good match for Mr. Guresci. The computer looked at 2,000 women and found only one woman who matched well with the man. The computer’s program showed that Mr. Guresci and this woman were made for each other. The woman was Nesrin Caglasas, Mr. Guresci’s ex-wife. When he heard who the computer had matched him with, Mr. Guresci asked his ex-wife to remarry him. Before their second marriage, Mr. Guresci told his friend he would give her a second try by being more understanding toward her.

Questions:

11. How long did it take Mr. Guresci to get a divorce?

12. Who suggested that Mr. Guresci remarry Nesrin Caglasas?

13. What is the passage mainly about?

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

In Britain if you are found guilty of crime, you can be sent to prison or be fined or be ordered to do community work, such as tiding public places and helping the old. You may also be sent to special centers where you learn practical skills like cooking, writing and car maintenance.

About 5 percent of the prison population are women. Many prisons were built over 100 years ago, but the government will have built 11 new prisons by next year. There are two sorts of prisons: the open sort and the closed sort.

In the closed sort prisoners are given very little freedom. They spent 3 to 10 hours outside their cells when they exercise, eat, study, learn skills, watch TV and talk to other prisoners. All prisoners are expected to work. Most of them are paid for what they do whether it is doing maintenance or cooking and cleaning.

Prisoners in the open prisons are locked up at night, but for the rest of the time they are free within the prison grounds. They can exercise, have visitors or study. And some are allowed out of the grounds to study or do community work.

Questions:

14. What do we know about women prisoners in Britain?

15. What do we know about prisoners in the closed prisons?

16. In what way are the open prisons different from the closed prisons?

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation

W: Hello, Ultimate Computers. May I help you?

M: Yes, this is Jack Kordell from Hunter’s Office Supplies. May I speak to Elaine Strong, please?

W: I’ sorry, but she’s not in right now.

M: Okay, do you know when she’ll be back?

W: Uh, yes, she should be here this afternoon maybe about 4:30. May I take a message?

M: Yes. Ms. Strong sent me a booklet introducing your newest line of computers, but there wasn’t any information about after-sales service.

W: Oh, I’m sorry. Would you like me to fax that to you?

M: Yes, could you send that information before 3:30? And I’ll call Ms. Strong around 5:00.

W: Sure. Could I have your name, telephone number, and fax number, please?

M: Yes. Jack Kordell and the phone number is 560-1287. And the fax number is 560-1288.

W: Okay. Jack Kordell. Is your name spelled C-o-r-d-e-l?

M: No. It’s Kordell with a ―K‖ and two ―L’s.‖―K-o-r-d-e-l-l.‖

W: All right. I’ll send you the fax right now.

M: Okay, bye.

(17. Kordell 18. service 19. 5601288 20. five/ 5:00)

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M: Hi, Sarah. What’s up?

W: Oh, hi, I just had a history class. I had to give a presentation.

M: How did it go?

W: Terribly. I’m sure I made a fool of myself.

M: Why? Weren’t you prepared?

W: No, it was not that. I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I have to speak in front of a group of people. I stand up and my face gets red and then I get even more nervous because I know everyone can see me blush.

M: It’s not so bad to blush.

W: But it happens all the time. If the professor asks a question and I know the answer, I blush like crazy if he calls on me. Doesn’t that ever happen to you?

M: No, not really. Maybe you should just try to forget about the people. Look at something else in the room like the exit sign.

W: I guess I could try that but I doubt it’ll help.

M: You know, we talked about it in psychology class. Blushing is more or less a learned behavior.

W: What do you mean?

M: Oh, children hardly ever blush at all. And among adults, supposedly, women blush more than men.

W: Well, I’ve got to get going for my next class. I’ll talk to you later.

(21. makes a fool 22. embarrassed and nervous 23. the exit sign 24. learned behavior)

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