句法知识之简单句并列句和复合句
句法知识之简单句并列句和复合句
简单句
1. 六种基本句型
基本句型分解:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1）主+谓（SV）I work.
2）主+系+表（SVP）Things are getting better. She turned doctor.
3）主+ 谓+宾（SVO）She studies English.
4）主+ 谓+ 间宾+ 直宾（SV Io. Do.）My mother bought me a new dress.
5）主+ 谓+宾+补（SVOC）I saw him come into the house yesterday.
另外：There be 句型
2. 练习：判断下列句子属于何种句式
1）You are sitting on the train home.
2）Here comes the bus !
3）The ego?s potential for expansion is limitless.
4）There existed a nation in the ocean.
5）Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.
6）We think it our duty to study well.
7）No body is here.
8）He passed me a cup of tea.
9）Tom doesn?t know the pop star.
10）My mother stays at home.
11）The milk tastes good.
12）The car caught fire.
13）The teacher has told me the fact.
14）He is reading a book.
15）He gave me a lecture yesterday.
16）She is very friendly.
17）I can swim.
18）I have had a good time.
19）I found him talking.
20）This English book is very interesting.
3. 更正下列句子的错误
1）He came the room.
2）The music sounds.
3）I have seen.
4）He gave a pen me.
5）The boss made the boy to work hard.
6）My father bought a book to me.
Keys：
1）He came into the room
2）The music sounds wonderful
3）I have seen the film.
4）He gave a pen to me.
5）The boss made the boy work hard.
6）My father bought a book for me.
4. 五种基本句型的推导：
1) 英语句子必须有谓语动词。
他像他爸爸。He is like his father. 这本书值得一读。The book is worth reading.
我反对你的意见。I?m against you.
2)一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。He gave me some water to drink.
5. 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：
1）我经常在早晨读英语。2）玛丽是个聪明的学生。
3）我的老师交给我一封信4）我母亲经常叫我努力学习。
5）我们叫我们的老师王先生6）他正在房里做家庭作业
Keys:
1）I often read English in the morning. 2）Mary is a clever student.
3）My teacher gave me a letter. 4）My mother often asks me to study hard.
5）We call our teacher Mr. Wang. 6）He is doing his homework in the room.
并列句复合句
1. 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子就叫并列句。
2. 四种类型
1）由and, not only …but also…, neither…nor…, then…连接，表同等概念。
He can not only repair radios but also fix them
Not only do the nurses want a pay increased, but also they want reduced hours.
2）由either…or…, or, otherwise等连接，表选择
Either she leaves or I will.
3）由but, still, yet, however, while, when, whereas, nevertheless 等连接，表转折。
My mother likes coffee while my father likes tea.
4）由so, for, therefore 等连接，表因果。
He found it difficult to read, for his eyes were failing.
３. Exercises ：注意逻辑关系
1）Give him an inch he?ll take an ell.
A. but
B. and
C. for
D. so
2）did the students dance, their teacher sang.
A. Neither… or…
B. Either …or…
C. Both…and…
D. Not only…but also…
3）Feathers fall to the ground slowly stones fall much faster.
A. and
B. while
C. but
D. yet
4）We must get up early tomorrow, we?ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.
A. however
B. but
C. or
D. so
5）He worked hard, he failed.
A. while
B. and
C. so
D. yet
6）I thought we?d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.
7）Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, _____you will learn a lot about firefighting.
8）They were surprised that a child should work out the problem __ they themselves couldn?t. 9）I was just about to lie down to rest _______I saw a snake in the grass.
Keys: BDBCD, but, and, while, when
４．句子的连接和标点符号
1）句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大写。
My name is Tom. I am five.
2）分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不大写。
Tom is five; he studies in a primary school.
3）引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。
Tom said, “The movie Titanic is wonderful!”
４）重点：逗号的运用。
Ａ．逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。请为下列句子加上逗号。
1) Since he is ill he is absent.
2) To save class time our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.
3) Polar bears live mostly on sea ice which they use as a platform for hunting seals.
Keys：1) Since he is ill，he is absent.
2) To save class time，our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.
3) Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals.
Ｂ．逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。
I am five, and I study in a primary school.
5. Translate the sentence. (注意标点）
我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了书就出了教室。
When I came into the classroom, I saw him reading. I took my book and went out, without interrupting him.
主从复合句
包括名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句），定语从句，状语从句
主语从句
When we shall meet again hasn?t been decided yet.
What he did was all for his country.
That she is good at music is known to all.
宾语从句
They told me that he could speak German.
I know what you really mean.
I have forgotten where I left the key.
表语从句
The problem is whether you can do it yourselves.
That is why we are going to help them.
That was how she won the first prize.
同位从句
The news that they had succeeded encouraged us.
The question whom we should serve must be discussed.
I have no idea when he will be back.
定语从句
The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
This is the house where he lived ten years ago.
I?ll never forget the day when I met that great writer in Japan
状语从句
He liked drawing when he was a small child.
I didn?t go with him because I was busy.
You?ll succeed if you study harder.
练习：Analyze the sentences.
1). What makes a study scientific is not, of course, the nature of the things with which it is concerned but the method by which it deals with these things.
2). When Mr. Jones got back, he immediately went to sleep on the living room sofa with “English Salon” over his face.
补充的详细内容：
2. 连系动词的分类变化类：become, grow, get, turn, come, go, fall
感官类：smell, taste, sound, look, feel
显得类：seem, appear, look
状态类：be, keep, stay, remain, lie, stand, (prove, turn out, continue) 3. 常见的双及物动词有：
throw扔, give给, show给......看, leave留给, write给......写信, return把......还给, bring带来, read读，tell告诉, hand交给, pass递给, promise答应, lend借给, send寄, refuse拒绝（间接宾语前加to）；play演奏，get得到，sing唱歌，do做，order命令，make生产/制造, pay为......交钱，buy买（间接宾语前加for）
4. 能带宾补的动词：
A.感官动词：see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel
B.使役动词：have, make, let
C.其它：get, force, want, wish ,expect, allow, permit, forbid, ask, order, advise，tell, find etc.
5. There be是一种“存在”句，表示“某处或某时存在有某人(物)”。这种句子里there是一个引导词，引出主语(某人或某物)，用介词短语表示处所或时间，在句中作状语。be有数和
时态的变化。be的数要和它后面的主语按就近原则保持一致，即当主语有多个时，be的数与离它最近的那个主语的数一致。Be还可能是exist, stand, come，lie 等不及物动词。
英语句子的类别
1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。见下表
2、按结构分类，句子可分为简单句和复合句。见下表：
英语句子成分结构详解
一、句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词主格、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
3. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等，感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
4. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，同主语的构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是“代词宾格”，如：me，him，them等。例如：
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。即间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. Give me a cup of tea, please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+ to + 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+ to + 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me, please. 特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
5. 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明，使句子的意义完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming. The war made him a soldier. （名词）
They painted their boat white. New methods make the job easy.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn?t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）
The teacher asked the students to close the windows.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room. I noticed a cat running across the road.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order. I often find him at work.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
1. 形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen. (little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）
小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy. Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy. 有个乖男孩。
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
2. 数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens. 两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students. 这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room. 房间里有两个男孩。
3. 代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom's pen. 他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom. 他的名字是汤姆。
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
There are two boys of Tom?s there. 那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
4. 介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. 教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom. 穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10. 有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
5. 名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen. 男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen. 这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box. 这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
There are thirty women teachers is our school.
6. 副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen. 那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom. 这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
7. 不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom. 将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today. 今天无事要做。
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
8. 分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.
那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China. 她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left. 有五个留下的男孩。
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
9. 定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom. 你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game. 参加游戏的男孩有五个。
三、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
Last night she didn?t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn?t rain.（条件状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句
子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成“男孩喊教室里的女孩”（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为“男孩在教室里喊女孩”（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作“In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.”
1. 副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much. 男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother. 男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen. 男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen. 男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
2. 介词短语作状语：
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语地点状语）
3. 分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. （因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
4. 不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
5. 名词作状语：
Come this way! 走这条路！（方向状语）
Wait a minute.（名词状语）
6. 状语从句：
有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句等九种。
The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. （时间状语从句）
Wherever she went, she took her little daughter with her. （地点状语从句）
I teach English because I like English. （原因状语从句）
I shall go there if it doesn?t rain.（条件状语从句）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语从句）
We got up early so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.（目的状语从句）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语从句）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语从句）
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened. （方式状语从句）
四、同位语：
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。
如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批…学生?）
We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的…我们?)
五、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。
1. 感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah,等。
2. 肯定词yes
3. 否定词no
4. 称呼语：称呼人的用语。
5. 插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。
如: The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
6. 情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually
实际上,certainly当然，等。
六、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
例：
错句：Studying hard, your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up. (2 ) If you study hard, your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，即your score ，显然study的应该是人，不应是your score（分数）。正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句引出study的主语,不过已经不是分词结构而是句子了。
分词独立结构常省略being, having been，但“There being...”中being不能省略。如：Game (being) over, he went home.
He stands there, book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如：
With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon. 无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose. 老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句中on his nose不可省略！）
定语从句The Attributive Clause
一、关系代词
1. who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）
A person who steals things is called a thief.
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
2. whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) 。
apple the red/the green/the small/the big
The apple which is red is mine.
The apple which is green is yours.
The apple which is red is small
The apple which is green is big.
Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.
Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.
Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.
Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night?
Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?
Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.
Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?
Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）
He is the man. I told you about him.
He is the man (that) I told you about.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。
区别一：只用that，不用which的情况：（代高序修饰时）
1) 当先行词既指人又指物时。
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
2) 当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的已经做了。
There must be something that happened to you. 你一定出了什么事。
3)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
I?ve read all the books that are not mine.
4) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only, the very, the same等修饰。
This is the most impressive film that has never been put on show before.
That is the only way that leads to your success. 那是通向你成功的唯一之路This is the first book that he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
5) 在疑问词who, what, which 开头的句子中。
Who is the girl that is talking with Mr. Brown.
Who is the person that is talking to our headmaster?
6) 定语从句为there be句型，也可以省略。
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.
7) 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语。
China is not the country that it was.
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
区别点二：只能用which 不能用that 的情况。
1) 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。
Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.
Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.
2) 在介词后面：介词+which (先行词是物)
The world in which we live is made of matter.
注意：若介词在从句中而没有直接在关系词后,可以用which 或that. 例如：The world that we live in is made of matter.
区别点三：指人时只能用who不用that 的情况.
1) 先行词为one, ones或anyone.
Anyone who wants to go may put up your hands.
2) 先行词为those.
God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
Those who laugh last laugh best. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最美。
3) 主句是there be .
There is a man who called himself Mr. Wu at the gate.
4) 在非限制性定语从句中
5. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。
1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.
2) 关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。
This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
6. 练习Put the two sentences into one:
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. Keys：
（1）The scientist who /whom/ that we met yesterday is very famous in the world. （2）The dress that /which she is wearing is new.
（3）He is the kind person that/ who/ whom I have ever worked with.
（4）This is the best film that I have ever seen.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1、关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：
a) 我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
①I still remember the day. ②On that day I joined the army.
I still remember the day when I joined the army.
I still remember the day on which I joined the army.
b) 这就是我们去年住的房屋。
①This is the house. ②We lived in it last year.
This is the house where we lived last year.
This is the house in which we lived last year.
This is the house which we lived in last year.
c) 你知道他迟到的原因吗？
①Do you know the reason? ②He was late for that reason.
Do you know the reason why he was late?
Do you know the reason for which he was late?
2、当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用when, where, why 来引导定语从句。如：(1) 这是我们去年参观的地方。vt. ······①
这是我们去年工作的地方。vi. ······②
①This is the place which / that we visited last year.
②This is the place where we worked last year.
(2 ) 我仍然记得我入团的那一天。vi. ······①
我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。vt. ······②
①I still remember the day when I joined the League.
②I still remember the day that / which we spent together.
三、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this the museum _____ you visited a few days ago?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one B
例2. Is this museum _____ you visited a few days ago?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one D
四、限定性、非限定性定语从句
1. 限定性定语从句是对先行词起限定作用的。去掉这个从句则整句话不完整或不成立。大多数定语从句是限定性定语从句。
Eg: He who doesn?t go to the Great Wall is not a true man.
-----He is not a true man.不完整
The mooncake that has egg in it is the mooncake which I like best.
----- The mooncake is the mooncake.不成立
2. 非限定性定语从句是对先行词起解释、说明作用的。去掉这个从句整句话仍成立。常被逗号隔开。
Eg: I have a dog, which can do many things for me.
3. 定语从句的练习Put the two sentences into one:
（1）Our friends missed the train again. They are always late for everything.
（2）My aunt was waiting for me on the steps. She had two heavy bags.
（3）The dog is easily frightened. It was beaten when it was small.
（4）I was invited to join by my neighbor. He has been a League member for three years. Keys:
（1）Our friends, who are always late for everything, missed the train again.
（2）My aunt, who had two heavy bags, was waiting for me on the steps.
（3）The dog, which was beaten when it was small, is easily frightened.
（4）I was invited to join by my neighbor, who has been a League member for three years.
五、which 与as 引导定语从句的用法区别
1．在限制性定语从句中，which和as都可指物；但用as时，先行词必须有the same, so 或such，as修饰。例如：
The speed at which light travels is 300,000 kilometers per second.
I never heard such a story as he told.
It is so big a stone as no one can lift. (此句如把as 改为that, 则lift后要加it, 那么它成了状语从句, 须特别注意。)
You can buy as many books as you can.
I?ll buy the same dictionary as you have.
但the same …that 则表示“同一个”，试比较：
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支钢笔跟我昨天丢失的那支是一样的。
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天丢失的那支钢笔。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中, which既可指整个句子, 又可指主句中的某一个词语；而as只指整个主句。例如：
A new car stopped at the gate, which belongs to my sister.
As I had expected, he was punished.
3. 在非限制性定语从句中, as从句有“正如….”“就象….”的含义。
The elephant is like a snake, as everyone can see.
As we all know, Taiwan is a part of China.
已形成的习惯搭配有：as mentioned above, as has been said before, as has been pointed out, as is often the case, as is hoped, as is well known等等。
4. which引导的从句, 常表示它与主句的一种因果关系。例如：
She married Joe, which surprised everyone.
He was absent again, which made us angry.
5. 在非限制性定语从句中, which从句只能放在主句后面，而as 从句位置较灵活。例如：Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist.
As we had hoped, John was admitted into the university.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
6. 当主句与从句语义一致时用as，语义不一致时用which。
John has got the first place, as often happens.
She married again, which was unexpected.
7. 如非限制性定语从句的谓语动词是否定形式，且位于主句之后，则只用which, 如：
It rained heavily, which we didn?t expected.
Tom smokes heavily, which his wife doesn?t like.
定语从句主观题练习
1. 定语从句注意点
1）where引导的定语从句:若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
The library ________ students often study was on fire last night.
The library, _______ was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.
The library ________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
2) 区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句: where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
When you read books, you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
When you read books, you had better make a mark where you have any questions.
3）when引导的定语从句:若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
I?ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park.
I?ll never forget the time _________ I s pent on campus.
I?ll neve r forget the time __________ was spent with you.
4) why引导的定语从句: 先行词是表示原因的名词，用引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。
This is the reason I didn?t come here.
The reason __________ she gave was not true.
5) whose 引导的定语从句: 表示所属关系。
The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
There are in this class 20 students, ______ are different.
A. whose backgrounds
B. the backgrounds of whom
C. of whom the backgrounds
D. the backgrounds of whose
Keys: 1）where / which / which 2）定从/状从3）when; which/that; which/that 4) why (=for which); which/that 5) whose ; ABC均正确
2. 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句——如何判断介词
A. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
1) The girl _____ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
2) He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.
B. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
3) He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.
4) Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, ______ all of which activities dolphins are expert.
C. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如：aspect, respect, area, field 等，用in which；
当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如rate, price, speed等, 用at which
当先行词表示“程度”时，如degree, extent等，用to which.
当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如grounds, foundation, basis等，用on which.
5) The rate ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.
6) This is our classroom, _______________ which there is a teacher?s desk.
D. 名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom
7) The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _______ are women.
8) The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ were written in 1930s.
9) There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished, and the other of _______ is not quite.
10) I have a sentence, the meaning of _______ I don?t understand.
Keys:1) for 2) on 3) with 4) in 5) at 6)in front of 7) whom 8) which 9) which 10)which
3. 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1) The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2) The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3) The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
4) The students will not pass the exam. They do n?t study hard.
5) The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
6) The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7) The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8) The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
9) The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10) The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
11) Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
12) That?s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
13) This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14) I want to talk to the boys. Their homework has n?t been handed in.
15) Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
16) He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
17) They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18) The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
19) In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20) She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
4. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:
1) He told us about the countries where he had visited.
2) Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
3) China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.
4) The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
5) The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.
6) We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.
7) I know the reason that she looks so worried.
8) He left me the book, that is very useful for me.
9) This is the room which food is kept.
10) April 15, 1976 is the day when we?ll never forget.
11) The man came yesterday is our English teacher.
12) The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .
13) This is all which I can do for you.
14) Can you think of anyone who?s house was here?
15) The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.
16) This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.
17) The day which she had to leave arrived at last.
18) The doctor whom they want to see have come.
19) Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?
20) The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.
21) A plane is a machine can fly.
22) It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.
23) Those that want to go put up your hands.
24) This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.
25) Who is the man whom you said hello just now?
Keys:
1)where—that 2)where—which 3)√4)when—that / which 5) that—where 6)去掉there 7)that—why 8)that—which 9) which—where 10) when—which / that 11)man后面加who 12) students后面加who 13) which—that 14)who?s—whose 15) 去掉it 16) were—was 17) which—when 18) have—has 19) whom—who 20) that—where 21) machine后面加which / that 22) which—that 23) that—who 24) that—which 25) whom前或hello后加to
5. 在下列定语从句中，填入适当的介词。
1) The pencil ________ which he wrote was broken.
2) He built a telescope ________ which he could study the skies.
3) The woman, ________ whom I learned the news, is a nurse.
4) The wolf ________ which the sheep was killed was shot.
5) She has three children, all _______ whom are at school.
6) There is a tall tree outside, ________ which stands our teacher.
7) My glasses, _______ which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
8) In the dark street, there wasn?t a person ________ whom she could turn for help.
9) I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the old man.
10) The age _______ which children can go to school is seven.
11) His bike ________ which he went to work was stolen last night.
12) Do you know the building ________ which is flying a red flag?
13) Ours is a beautiful school, ________ which we are proud.
14) The desk ________ which Jack is leaning is John?s.
15) He bought a book yesterday, the author ________ which is a teacher.
Keys: 1)with 2) through 3) from 4) by 5) of 6) under 7) without 8) to 9) in 10) at 11) on 12) on 13) of 14) against 15) of
名词性从句
1. 主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact/a pity/a question /good news that...
*It seems/appears/happened/has turned out that...
*It is clear/important/likely/possible that...
*It is said/reported/estimated/has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2) what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3) what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2. 宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that (因为),except that (除了),but that (只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2) 宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3) 在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3. 表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as if(though)等引导。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
The news came that their team had won the match.
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
名词性从句主观练习题
1. Sentences analysis
1) The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
2) The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
3) The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
4) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
5) The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
6) John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
7) It is very important that we learn English well.
8) The problem is that he often tells lies.
9) I will tell her as soon as she comes.
10) The birthday present that he gave me was a car.
11) That the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known to all.
2. Tell whether the following clauses are right:
1）That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.
2）He will give up his job surprises all of us.
3）No matter who breaks the law will be punished.
4）the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.
5）He is said that he has accepted the invitation.
6）The reason why he was late was because his bike broke down halfway.
7）I don?t doubt whether/if he will come soon.
8）He told me the news which was very exciting.
9）After that seemed a long time, he came back to life.
10）He told me the news if our team won the match.
3. Complete the following sentences:
1)_____________________(毫无疑问)the prices of cars will go down.
2)The idea___________________________ (电脑能识别人的声音) surprises many people.
3) I have no idea ______________________ (该选哪一个).
4) The problem__________________________ (我们是否做这个实验)has been solved.
5) The question___________________(谁将出国) needs considering.
6) Professor, I want to know___________________.50年后我们的日常生活会是什么样）
7) Dr Smart, my question is___________________. (全球变暖对地球会有什么影响)
8) Professor, can you predict__________________. (污染能否被制止住)
9) Dr Smart, I want to know________. (将来我们会不会有足够的食物供养不断增长的人口)
10) Professor Smart, my question is _________. （太空航行什么时候能变得既简便又便宜）
11) Professor, who will win the debate on __________________. (是否应该允许克隆人类)
12) Dr Smart, I would like to know __________________. (会不会有更多无法治愈的疾病)
13) Professor, what is your prediction about __________________. (地球什么时候死亡) Keys：
1. 1)Appositive Clause 2）Appositive Clause 3）Attributive Clause, Predicative Clause 4) Appositive Clause 5) Attributive Clause, Predicative Clause 6) Object Clause 7) Subject Clause 8) Predicative Clause 9) Adverbial Clause 10) Attributive Clause 11) Subject Clause
2. 1）That改为What; 2)句首加That; 3）No matter who改为Whoever; 4) If 改成Whether; 5) He 改为It; 6) because改为that，因为如果主句主语为reason, 只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.; 7) whether/if 改为that; 8)正确9)that改为what; 10) if 改为that
3. 1) There is no doubt that 2) that computers can recognize human voices 3)which one I should choose 4)whether we will do the experiment 5)who will go abroad 6)what our daily life will be like after 50 years 7)what effects global warming will have on us 8) whether pollution will ever be stopped 9)whether we will have enough food to feed the growing population 10) when space travel will become easy and inexpensive 11) whether human cloning should be allowed 12) whether there will be more incurable diseases 13) when the earth will die?
简单句并列句复合句(全)
根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，He is a doctor. 2并列句 用并列连词and，but，or把两个的简单句连接而成。 He is a doctor ,and
she is a teacher. I liked the story , but he didn’t like it. Hurry up，or you will be late. 3 复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句 连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个从句的句子叫复合句。）
1).定语从句 2).状语从句 3).名词性从句 I don’t like the wa y (that, in which) he talked to me. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which t
he cover/the cover of which）
二、状语从句 1 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常 由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am I wil l be thinking of yo u.
2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…s o…, as if, as thou gh引导。 1）as, (just) as…s o…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时a s从句带有比喻的含
简单句并列句复合句
简单句、并列句、复合句 一．简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。 1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。 and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但： (1)如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。 (2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。 (3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。 3.选择疑问句。 4.反意疑问句。 (1)陈述句+省略问句 (2)祈使句+附加疑问句 反意疑问句的回答 二．并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 常用的连词有and,but,or not only...but also,neither...nor,either...or 联合并列句常由并列词and, not only…but also…..等连接 如: Use your hand, and you’ll find a way. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接 如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, either…or…,等连接 如:Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police 因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接. 如: it was late, so we went home. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉. 如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time. because和so; although, though和but 不能连用 三．复合句:有一个主句和若干个从句组成 1. What I want to explain is this. 2.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. 3.That’s exactly what I am planning to do. 4.We expressed the hope that they would come and visit china again. 5.He asked me to stay where I was. 6. The comrade whom you spoke to is a model worker.
简单句、并列句、复合句(习题)
简单句、并列句、复合句（习题） 一、单项选择 ( )1.—______ will the supper be ready? I’m very hungry. —In a minute. A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often ( )2.—Few well-known singers came to the concert, did they? —______, such as Andy Lau, Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang. A. No, they didn’t B. Yes, they did C. No, they did D. Yes, they didn’t ( )3.______ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been ( )4.—Tom, come out and join us! —______ till I finish what I ______, OK? A. Wait; do B. Waiting; do C. Waiting; am doing D. Wait; am doing ( )5.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _______ great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )6.—The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized (倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st. —_____ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue (救援)? A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )7.Look at the man over there. _____he is! A. How tall B. How a tall C. What a tall D. What tall ( )8.—Finish your homework ______ you can’t play computer games, Jim. —All right, Mum. A. but B. till C. and D. or ( )9.—Hello, Lily, you are busy. Can I give you a hand? —Thanks very much, ______ I can manage. A. and B. or C. so D. but ( )10.—Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack? —Certainly. _____ he comes back. A. Before B. As soon as C. Until D. Unless
简单句,并列句,复合句
简单句、并列句和复合句 一句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句: 1) 简单句: 有时句子虽长, 但只有一个主谓结构, 仍是简单句, 例如: Yesterday we went to an exhibition on the life and work of Lenin, the great revolutionary leader of the working class. 有时一个句子有两个(或两个以上)并列的主语或谓语, 也仍然是简单句 There he was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work. Both the teachers and the students were very active in physical labour. Comrade Yang and I often study together and help each other. 2) 并列句: 一个句子如果包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构, 就称为并列句。 He was always close to the people, and the people loved him. I didn't make any mistakes in the test, but my handwriting was poor. Some are walking by the lake, others are sitting on the benches and chatting. 并列的各个部分(即各个主谓结构)称为分句。各个分句用并列连词(如and, but 等)连接；在上下文紧密联系的情况下也可不用连词, 而以逗号隔开(如上面第三句)。 3) 复合句: I hope (希望) you will help me with my grammar. (作宾语) He took full notes while he read. (作状语) My idea is that we go by bicycle. (作表语) 这种作为一个句子成分的主谓结构称为从句(以别于主句,即全句的主要部分)。按照句法作用的不同,从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、表语从句等等。 注:如果一个并列句中某一分句是一个复合句,这种句子称为并列复合句。例如: He was very busy, but he said he would come. 二。状语从句 英语中带状语从句的复合句是很多的。状语从句有的表示时间,有的表示原因、条件等等,因此也可以分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句等等,例如: 1) 时间状语从句: After he finished school there, he went to the University of Kazan. We lived in the peasants' homes when we were in the countryside. She was in Nanjing before she came here. Every time the cock began to c row, he would shout: “Get up, you lazy bones!” 2) 条件状语从句: If you have any questions, write them on a slip of paper. 3) 原因状语从句: He didn't come to class because he was ill. 此外还有“结果”“目的”等等状语从句。状语从句大多数都由从属连词(如after, when, because, if 等)引起。由这种词引起的主谓结构不能成为独立的句子,只能作状语从句。连词在句中一般不重读,但在句首可以重读。 在使用状语从句时要注意: 1) 状语从句本身结构必须完整, 不能没有主语, 例如: After he took the medicine, he felt better. (吃了药之后他就感到好些了。) Come again when you have time. (有空的时候请再来。) 2) 状语从句如在主句的后面,可以不必用逗号隔开；如在主句之前, 一般要用逗号。例如: It was already eight o'clock when we got home.
高考英语简单句、并列句和复合句总结
高考英语简单句、并列句和复合句总结 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______ helped us to overcome difficulties. Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _____ at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now ____ would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3. 宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.
简单句-并列句和复合句用法及习题
: 七年级上册： Unit 1—Unit 9:侧重于陈述句和疑问句。 七年级下册： Unit 4:祈使句 Don't eat in the classroom. Unit 8：倒装句 There is a zoo in my neighborhood. Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 5,Unit 9,Unit 11,Unit 12:特殊疑问句。 | 八年级上册： Unit 7:There will be more people. There will be more pollution. Unit 8:First,peel the bananas. Next, put the bananas in the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender. 八年级下册： Unit 3:For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 九年级： Unit 2 :What fun the Water Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! " 一、陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句 用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫“陈述句”，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 (1)肯定句的基本结构：“主语+谓语+宾语”。例如：I play basketball after school. (2)否定句又分为完全否定和部分否定。
英语简单句并列句复合句和练习题
英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习 一、简单句 1、概述 只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。 I am a student.我是一个学生。 She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。 He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。 2、简单句的基本句型 英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C） 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语 （1）主谓结构（S + V） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。 He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。 （2）主系表结构（S + V + P ） 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站着。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。 He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
英语简单句、并列句、复合句
名师手记之：英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句） 1.简单句、并列句和复合句 ① 句子种类两种分类法 按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。 按照句子的结构可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。 简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。复合句：含有一个或一个 以上从句的句子。复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。 ② 并列句的分类 并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。 表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等 表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。 2.状语从句： (1)状语从句的分类 状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。 (2)连接状语从句的词语 时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.一……就……，while, till, until, since,
简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换
简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换 审稿：白雪雁责编：张敏 句型转换是句子类别的转换，其目的在于检测学生运用各种句型的表达能力，才能在考试的评分中得到较高档次的分数。这就要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，懂得各种句型如何转换，运用准确，这有利于提高英语口语和书面表达能力。 简单句与复合句之间的互变 很多复合句和简单句可以互变，意思上不发生太大的变化。在很多情况下，是将复合句里的从句变为一个短语。不论是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，在一定的情况下都可以这样转换。 主语从句有时可以和短语互换，它既可以是不定式短语也可以是动名词短语。 (1) When and where we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed． →When and where to hold the meeting is still to be discussed． (2) It worried her a great deal that her son would stay up so late． →Her son’s staying up so late worried her a great deal． (3) What we had to do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender． →We had to stand there to catch the offender． 表语从句有时可以和短语互换，与它互换的可以是不定式短语和动名词短语。 My idea is that we should do it right now． →My idea is to do it fight now． 在某些动词的后面宾语从句可以和一个动名词短语或不定式短语互换． (1) I regret that I had told you the secret． →I regret telling you the secret． (3) They don’t know whether they shall carry out the old plan or not． →They don’t know whether to carry out the old plan or not． 个别的同位语从句也可以和一个短语互换。 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging． →The news of our being invited to the conference is very encouraging 有些定语从句可以和一个不定式短语，分词短语或介词短语互换。 (1) Can those who are seated at the back of the classroom hear me? →Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? (2) What are the most important measures we should take? →What are the important measures to be taken? (3) The young man who was in the possession of the firm was at a desk． →The young man in the possession of the firm was at a desk． 状语从句和短语互换的情形很多，常用分词短语来替代状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件。用不定式短语来替代状语从句，表示目的、结果、原因；另外介词短语可以和表示时间、原因、条件、让步等状语从句互换。
简单句并列句复合句
简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn 't hear of you before. 2 ）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don 't talaksisn cl 4 ）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student. 2 、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+ 宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+ 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+ 复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …,neither …nc等连接。n e.g. The teacher 's name is Smith, and the student ' s name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either …or …,othen等Se e.g. Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
高中 简单句,并列句,复合句 练习 有答案
高中英语练习题------简单句,并列句,复合句 选择填空： 1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _____ ? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 2. _____ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy, you wash the dishes, _____ ? Mom, can’t Lily do it? It’s her turn to do it. A. don’t you B. can you C. shall you D. will you 4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. -- _____ it rains later on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. Y ou ought to stay up late tonight, _____ you? Y es. I’ve got too much homework. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul, _____? A. can it B. can’t it C. can they D. can’t they 7. There used to be a church in the small town, _____? A. used there B. usedn’t there C. used it D. usedn’t it 8. She isn’t your neig hbour, is she? _____ . A. Y es, she isn’t B. No, she is C. Y es, she is D. No, isn’t she 9. _____ to be a PLA soldier when I was young. -- And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want 10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _____ she used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who 12. _____ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ h e is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 14. Information has been put forward _____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What the doctors really doubt is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what 16. The students of the music school study _____ . A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as music C. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music 17. _____ air is to man, so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As 18. There is plenty of rain in the south _____ there is little in the north. A. while B. as C. when D. so
简单句、并列句和复合句(包括五大句型)重要
简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意): Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。主从复合句即是复杂句 复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. (四)高考考点探讨 1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。
简单句,复合句,并列句
简单句，复合句，并列句 鹿俊先江苏省沛县湖西中学 221611 通过简单句，复合句，并列句之间的相互转换能够使学习者温故知新，在准确理解的基础上牢固掌握并灵活应用各种复杂的句型。英语中各种句型间的相互转换常见以下几类： 一、简单句←→复合句 1、表示动作意义的名词、动名词短语或起名词的作用的不定式短语有时与名词性从句可以互相转变。例如： His sudden death made us sad. ←→That he suddenly died made us very sad. His words deeply upset me. ←→what he said deeply upset me. The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. ←→It gave them a great deal of encouragement that the president attended the meeting himself. His coming back so soon was quite unexpected. ←→It was quite unexpected that he should come back so soon. What worried the child was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. ←→What worried the child was that he was not allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. It is necessary for us to learn how to use the computer. ←→It is necessary that we should learn how to use the computer. Our intention was to help you. ←→Our intention was that we should help you. I hope to become a teacher. ←→I hope that I will become a teacher. Don't forget to attend the lecture. ←→Don't forget (that) you should attend the lecture. I still remember being / having been taken to Beijing when I was a child. →I still remember (that) I was taken to Beijing when I was a child. I'm sure of his failure. ←→I'm sure (