初中英语语法三大从句汇总

英语语法三大从句汇总

在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点

定语从句

一、定语从句概念

定语从句（attributive clause），就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。

The woman who lives next door is a teacher.

先行词定语从句

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示：

格

先行词主格宾格所有格

人 who whom whose

物 which which

whose

of which

人、物 that that —

2）主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

（1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。

（2）从属连词whether.如：

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why.如：

What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。

Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。

解释：

1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：

A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B.It+be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that 从句。如：

It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C.It+be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如：

It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

D.It+seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

E.It+doesn’t matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：

It doesn’t matter whether s he will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week？下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow？他们明天不来很要紧吗？

G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

How strange it is that the children are so quiet！孩子们这么安静真奇怪！

2.注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。

Whoever comes will be welcome.（whoever=the person who）来的人将受到欢迎。

Whatever he did was right.（whatever=the thing that）他所做的事情是正确的。

Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.（whichever=anyone of you who）你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖

A、

B、B、宾语从句

宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：

一，引导词A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：I told him that he was wrong.

C、同位语从句(一) 概念

一般来说，在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：advice,

decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word（消息），problem，question, doubt, thought等。例如：They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。

二）引导词

[寻规找矩] 请仔细观察下列句子，注意从句引导词的用法。

1.The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

2.(三) that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句

①意义不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较：

1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.

2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.

[分析] 句1中that引导同位语从句，说明“news”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。

句2中that引导定语从句，对“news”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。

E、表语从句

表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。

表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。

名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)// The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)// What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)// That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)

表语从句与宾语从句的关系

宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。

表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。

D、状语从句的种类

§ 1状语从句的种类

用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；

6.让步状语从句；

7.比较状语从句；

8.程度状语从句；

9.方式状语从句；10.结果状语从句。§2状语从句的时态特点由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子,一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

二时间状语从句

§3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）

三地点状语从句

§4地点状语从句(adverbial clause of place)

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：

句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。

原因状语从句：because, since, as和for都表示原因。because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因，就用as或since。

目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导。

结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that 或such...that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句。

判断从句所属类型。我们已经把主句和从句分开了，现在要做的就是判断一下从句到底是什么从句。英语中存在三类从句：定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句。判断的方法在于：看从句在整个句子中充当什么成分。充当定语就是定语从句，充当状语就是状语从句，充当主语就是主语从句。在这一步骤中又存在一些方法。一般来说，只要使用在名词或代词后面的从句都是定语从句；放在介词和动词后面的都是宾语从句；句中有it做形式主语或形式宾语的话，那么后面的从句就是主语或宾语从句；放在系动词和一些相当于系动词的词（remain, get, turn）后面的都是表语从句；放在一些抽象名词后面的且在从句中不充当成分的都是同位语从句。

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初中英语语法易错题及初中英语语法三大从句汇总

沪江英语 > 初中英语/初中英语语法易错题 一、名词、冠词 1.-What can I do for you? -I'd like two _______. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple 2. Help yourself to _________. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 3. ________ it is today! A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 4. Which is the way to the __________? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe's factory D. shoes' factory 5. This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them. A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying 6. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two-month C. two month's D. two-months 7.____ trees are cut down in the forests every year. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 8. Our sports meeting will be held ________. A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tuesday