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情态动词,助动词,be动词

情态动词,助动词,be动词
情态动词,助动词,be动词

情态动词和助动词

情态动词的语法特征

1)情态动词本身有意义,表示说话人的某种语气、态度或看法

情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2)情态动词不能单独做谓语,同行为动词或系动词一起构成谓语动词。

3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4)情态动词有现在式和过去式,没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

助动词的语法特征(be, do, have has, shall, will)

1)一般没有词义;

2)不能单独做谓语,同其他动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气构成疑问或否定形式;

3)有人称和数的变化

4)有时态的变化

常见助动词的用法

1. Be --- 现在进行时(be+现在分词)

被动语态(be+过去分词)

2. Has (have)--- 现在完成时has (have) +过去分词

过去完成时had+过去分词

3. Do ---实意动词一般现在时和一般过去式的否定式或疑问式

<构成祈使句的否定式;so, neither, nor倒装结构> eg: Don’t eat too much.

4. Shall (will) ---一般将来时,shall 只用于第一人称主语;

will用于各种人称主语

常见情态动词的用法

1. Can与could

1) (表示能力、功能)能,会can用于现在时,could用于过去式

The classroom can seat thirty students. 这教室能坐三十位学生。

June can drive now. 琼现在会开车了。

比较can 和be able to

●be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。

如:

She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。

He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。

●be able to 强调一种结果,而can只强调一种可能。如:

Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是,他终于逃出了大火。

If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 要是他早几小时来,我还能救他。

●be able to 可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。如:

I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你,而你又没来。Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗?

He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙

Will you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow?你明天能把讲座录下来吗?

I'm sorry I haven't been able to answer your letter in time.真对不起我没能及时给你回信.

Remark: 指过去某时或某个时刻设法做成某事,不用could,而用was\were able to相当于succeed in doing sth, manage to do sth。

I talked with her for a long time,and eventually I was able to make her believe me.

我谈了很久,最终还是使她相信了我的话。

●can可用于表示可能性,推测,允许等情况,而be able to通常不这样用。

You are able to use my pen. (误)

You can use my pen. (正)

●can有被动语态,主语为人或物皆可,而be able to只接不定式的主动形式,

不接表示被动的不定式,也不可用无生命的名词作主语。例如:

The work is able to be done by him. (误)

He is able to do the work.(正)

2) (表示允许、请求)可以,could 比较委婉。

You can't take the book out of the room. 你不可以将这本书拿出室外。

Can I use your pen? 我可以用一下你的笔吗?

Could I borrow a pencil, please? Yes, certainly. /No, I’m afraid not.

3) 在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。

He can’t be watching TV now. I saw him having a walk just now.

2. may, might

1) 表示请求和允许,may 比较正式。意思是:可以

He may come if he likes. 如果他想来,可以来.

---May I leave work early today as I have to go to the dentist’s? 去看牙医

---Yes, you may./No, you may not.

2)表示推测,意思是:可能(会),或许(会)。常用语肯定句, might 的语气更弱。

It may rain this evening. You'd better take an umbrella. 今晚可能要下雨,你最好带上雨伞。

3)表示祝愿,意思是:祝…,(但愿)。

May the friendship between our two peoples last forever.

may not 可能不cannot 不可能

3. must

1)表“必须,一定做某事”。具有强制性,表达一种责任、义务或命令

You must talk to them about their study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。

●must 没有过去式,表达过去的含义,可以使用had to 代替must

I had to walk home yesterday. There were no buses.

must 表示说话人主观上认为有必要做某事或个人愿望.

have to 侧重强调这种义务或责任是由某种客观情况或规定决定,而不是说话者本人能够控制的

Bob, you must look after yourself and keep healthy.

I have to work late tonight. My boss has told me to.

2)在否定结构中mustn’t 表“禁止,绝不允许”,具有强制性。

You mustn't park here.你不能在这儿停车。

3)must 用于一般疑问句时,表示“一定,必须”,肯定和否定回答应该特别注意比较:

Must we go now? yes, we must. 是的,我们一定要走

No, we mustn’t. 不,我们不可以走。

Must I finish the book this week? Yes, you must. 是的,你一定要读完

No, you needn’t(无人称与时态变化)

don’t have to/ don’t need to.

4)“一定,准是”,表推测,暗含有很大的可能性,用在肯定句。

He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。

●may 暗含的可能性较小。must 暗含的可能性较大。否定的猜测用can't The baby can't be ill. He is so active.

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.

●must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"

●must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系

动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

比较:

He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。

●must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

4. Shall ,Should

1) shall 用做助动词,表一般将来时;

2) shall 用作情态动词,用来提出建议。

Shall we go there on foot?

3) should 作为助动词shall 的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。

4) should 作为情态动词,“应当,应该”,表达说话认为应该做的事, 多用于规劝错误行为,不具有强制性。相当于ought to do, had better do sth(最好做某事), be supposed to do sth

否定形式:shouldn’t do , oughtn’t to do, had better no do

Eg: You should (= are supposed to )complete your test in time.

你们应该按时做完你们的实验

5) 用于疑问句,用来征求别人的意见。(第一人称,同shall)

When should I leave tomorrow?

Ought I to finish my homework now? Yes, you ought to.

5. Will, would

1) 表示说话人的意愿(will 表示现在,would表示过去)

Don’t worry. I will (愿意) go there with you.

be willing to do sth愿意做某事

2)表示征求意见,提出请求琥珀劝说(此句型中,用some代替any)Will/ Would you like sth?Yes, please./No, thanks

Will/ Would you like to do sth? 肯定Thanks/I’d like(love) to.

否定I’d like(love) to, but…..

Will you please do sth?

Would you mind my opening the window?

3)表示习惯或倾向性

A stone will not float.

6. Need

1)作为情态动词,“必须,必要”,常用语疑问句和否定句,肯定回答: must;否定回答:needn’t

Eg: Need I buy a ticket? Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t.

2)做实义动词

need sth 变否定形式don’t need sth

to do sth to do sth

eg: He needs help (n.) now.

He didn’t need to get there yesterday.

3) needn’t do sth/ don’t need to do sth/ don’t have to do sth “不必”

7. would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which ___ do?

A. do you rather

B. would you rather

C. will you rather

D. should you rather 本题考查情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿",本题为疑问句,would 提前,

情态动词的回答方式

问句肯定回答否定回答

Need you…?Yes, I must.No, I needn't

Must you…?/don't have to.

典型例题

1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you____.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和may来表达,不能用could或might。复习:will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。

2)---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't

B. wouldn't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

needn't 不必,不用。wouldn't 将不, 不会的。mustn't 禁止、不能。shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。

3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't

B.I won't

C. I can't

D. I haven't

will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心

辨析

1.ability: can, be able to

a. can 泛指:A blind man can’t judge colors.

b. can只有一般过去式could, be able to 有多种时态,更正式。可用于动词不定式和情态动词后。

It’s nice to be able to attend the lecture./He might be able to win the chess again. c. 在肯定句中,一般过去式,could表示一种普遍情况,而was/were able to 表示过去某时设法完成某一具体动作

练习:Though he was tired, he ___________ swim across the river. (was able to) The good swimmer _________swim to the river bank when the boat sank in the storm.(was able to)

Because he was tired, he ________(not) swim across the river.(wasn’t able to/couldn’t)

2. obligation: ought to/ should; have to; must

must 主观上表命令或强制you must do what the teachers tell you to. mustn’t不准许,needn’t不需要You mustn’t take photos here. It’s forbidden. have to 有时态变化,强调客观上实际情况,不得不做

ought to/should 劝说,义务.提出意见

You should do what you are told to.

3.certainty :猜测must,can,could,may,might

a. must所表示的可能性最大,意为“一定”

b. will表示揣测,推测,意为“可能” “该是”。

c. can用于否定句和疑问句中,could用于否定,疑问或肯定句

d. may 和might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况,might相对于may 可能性更小一些。may/might用于肯定或否定句

注意:1.表示猜测,can/could一般不用于肯定句中,除非是“经验之谈”或表示理论。Anybody can make mistakes./This kind of illness can be deadly.

2.should也可以用来表示“推测”,意为“理应”, 相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述,语气上不如

must强。

— Will Mr Wang offer us a hand?

— He ______ be glad to.He never refused our request.

A.can B.must C.may D.should (D)

表示“猜测”情态动词的时态

现在: M+do(状态性动词)

+be doing (瞬间性动词)

He must live/ be here. She must be getting up now.

将来: M+be doing+ 将来时间状语

He may be leaving tomorrow.

过去: M+have done

?解答情态动词表示猜测的试题时,一要清楚被猜测的时间,二要清楚有无客观事实根据。若有客观事实根据,则无论是肯定还是否定的猜测,猜测语气最强且符合时间要求的为最佳答案;若无客观事实根据,纯凭主观臆断则猜测语气最弱且符合时间要求的为最佳答案。

?情态动词表示猜测时语气从强到弱的顺序是:must,should,can,may,could,might。

4.permission: can/could/may/might

— Can/May I use your pen? 肯定简略回答:— Yes, you can/may. /— Yes, please. 否定简略回答:—Please don’t. / — No, you may not.

5. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法

a. “should /ought to +完成式” 表示“本应当做某事,而实际上并没有做”;“shouldn’t /oughtn’t to+完成式”表示“本来不应当做,而实际上却做了”。

b. “may/might +完成式” 表示“本来可以干某事却没有干”,突出其可能性;而“could +完成式” 表示“本来能够做某事,但实际上却没有做”。

c. “needn’t +完成式” 表示“本来没必要做某事,实际上却做了

6.其它情态动词的用法shall

a. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall we begin our class?(征求意见)/ When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示)

b. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令,警告,允诺,决心或威胁。

You shall go with me. (命令)/You shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺)/He shall be punished. (威胁)

c.用于条约,规定,规章等文件中,表示一种义务,多用于第三人称中。

“The interest ___ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.

A. may

B. should

C. must

D. shall

7. 其它情态动词的用法will

a. will 疑问句,第二人称表示请求, 建议等, 不如would委婉

Will /Would you pass me the book?

b. will 表示句子主语意志, 愿望, 决心

I will never do that again./ I will give up smoking.

8.提出建议

might (委婉) :You might send me a card while you are on holiday.

may/might as well :Cars are so expensive in China. You may as well take a taxi. should/had better: You look tired. You should/had better go to bed.

could: It’s so cold today. You could wear your coat.

9. dare/need

情态动词:否定,疑问,条件句(if/whether):If you dare do it again, I’ll punish you. 实义动词: 注意时态,随人称的单复数变化

He dares to dive into the water from the bridge.

dare为实义动词时,否定句中to可省略:I don’t dare (to) do this.

dare say that…

完整word版Be动词助动词练习题

小学英语Be动词、助动词、人称代词主宾格练习 一、选择括号里的词的恰当形式填空。 1、There _________(be)some water in the glass. 2、_______(be)Tom ___________(read) a book now? 3、Please pass_____(we) the ball. 4、When _________ (do) your father usually _________ (go) to work? 5、How old __________ (be)you last year? 6、Which dog ________ (be) yours? /Ten and two ________ (be) twelve. 7、Where ________(be) your friends yesterday? 8、I will give the presents to________(they). 9、Lily is taller than (I)./ Put the desk between (he) and (I). 二、选择填空: 1、My brother ____ a teacher. He ____ his pupils very much. A. is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like 2、_____ you go to school by bus? A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does 3、When _____ your birthday? D. does C. do B. is A. are 4、Which ____ bigger, the sun or the moon? A. are B. is C. be D. / 5、What ______ they _____ on Saturdays?

be动词与助动词的用法

be动词与助动词的用法 1.陈述句:be动词第一人称用am,第二人称用are,第三人称单数用is复数用are. 助动词do一般省略,直接用动词,注意动词时态和人称变化.有时在动词前加do,表示强调,加强语气.如:Do be quiet! 2.疑问句:be动词直接提前,其他部分不变(由陈述句转变).助动词do同样,由省略直接提前放置,后面动词不变,注意do的时态和人称变化. 3.否定句:be动词和助动词do后面加not. be作助动词用的形式如下: ①am, is, are, was, were ②助动词+be:shall be, will be, can be, etc. ③have/has/had + been(完成时) ④am, is, …being(进行时) (1)表达进行时态 句型be + V-ing…(进行时态) 例:What are you reading? (你正在阅读什么?) I am reading a magazine. (我正在阅读杂志。) 例:He will be taking a walk in the park at this time tomorrow morning. (明天早晨此时他将会正在公园散步。) 例:She has been teaching English in our school for years. (她已在我们学校教英语许多年了。) 解说第一例句是表达现在进行时,第二例句是将来进行时,第三例句是现在完成进行时。(2)表达被动语态 句型be +p.p. …(被动语态) 例:English is spoken in both Canada and the United States. (加拿大和美国都讲英语。)

情态动词can的用法及一般疑问句whatquestions

情态动词"can“的用法 情态动词不能独立作谓语,不以人称和数量的变化而变化,后接动词原形,也就是说情态动词和动词原形一起构成谓语。我们常见的情态动词有:can,must,would等。接下来,我们就来学习一下情态动词"can"的用法。 ①表示能力,"can"译为"能;会" 例句:I can speak English. 译:我会说英语。 She can dance. 译:她会跳舞。 ②表示可能性,"can"译为"可能;会" 例句:Can you sing 译:你会唱歌吗 Can you swim 译:你会游泳吗 ③"can"用在肯定句中:主语+can+动词原形 例句:I can play the guitar. 译:我会弹吉他。 I can join the music club. 译:我可以加入音乐俱乐部。 ④"can"用在一般疑问句中:Can+主语+动词原形 肯定回答:Yes,主语+can 否定回答:No,主语+can't 例句:Can he play chess 译:他会下国际象棋吗 Yes,he can. 译:是的,他会。 NO,he can't. 译:不,她不会。 ⑤"can"用在否定句中:主语+can't+动词原形(can't 是 can not 的缩写) 例句:She can't play the piano well. 译:她弹不好钢琴。 I can't sing. 译:我不会唱歌。 ⑥"can"用在特殊疑问句中:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形 例句:What can you see in the room 译:在房间里你能看见什么 ⑦当特殊疑问词是句子的主语时:特殊疑问词+can+动词原形 例句:Who can answer my question 译:谁能回答我的问题 注意事项 "can"后一定要接动词原形。 "can" 不以人称和数量的变化而变化。

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

be 动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇) 1、 用单数,反之用复数。 ◆ 句中含有be动词时: 肯定句:主语+be +其他 否定句:主语+be +not +其他 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其他+? 特殊疑问句:疑问词(what / who / when / where)+be +主语+其 他+? I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be 动词用法歌: 我用am,你用are,is 连接他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be 后not 莫忘记; 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be 动词作谓语,它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。她个子很高。 她在教室里。她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”,即,我们常说的“主语+ 谓语+ 其他” 。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时:肯定句:I / We / They / The students

+动词原形+其他+。 We watch TV every night. 变否定:主语+don't +动词原形+其他+。 We don't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句Do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don 't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ do + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? How often do you watch TV? ②主语为单数名词或代词时:肯定句:主语+ 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他+ 。 He watches TV every night. 否定句:主语+ doesn't+动词原形+其他+。 He doesn't watch TV every night. 一般疑问句:Does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? Does he watch TV every night? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn 't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? How often does he watch TV? ★主语为单数或不可数名词,谓语要用单数第三人称,反过来,看见动词用了单数第三人称,可以推知主语是单数或不可数名词。 ( )1. How __ ______ your dad help at home? A. do B. does C. is ( )2. ______ goes bad easily in summer. A. Milk B Apples C. Cakes ③过去时的句式(当句子时态为过去时时,动词用过去式,不受主语单复数的影响) 肯定句:主语+ 过去式+ 其他+ 。 He / We got up early every morning last year. 否定句:主语+ didn't + 动词原形+ 其他+ 。 He / We didn't get up early every morning last year. 一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ? Did he / you get up early every morning last year? Yes, he

Be动词和助动词用法辨析

Be动词和助动词用法区别其实be动词也是助动词(auxiliary verbs)。 英语动词大致可分为三种:助动词(auxiliary verbs),情态动词(modal verbs),实意动词(full verbs)。 助动词(auxiliary verbs):do,be,have。没有实意,“帮助”别的动词,表示时态,否定和提问。情态动词(modal verbs):can,must,may。也是“帮助”别的动词,但是有自己的实意。实意动词(full verbs):play,run,think。其他有实意的动词。 be动词可用作助动词(auxiliary verbs):1,be+Ving:所有的进行时态,如:2,be+过去分词:被动式。 be动词也可用做实意动词(full verbs):be[bi]v.有;在;是。 你这样想,一个句子里要有动词吧。再看看它们的名字,“be 动词”和“助动词”, 先说“be动词”,(1)这名字里有动词,说明他是动词,句子里有他就不会有别的动词(除非这些动词以别的形式出现,这是后话)了,(2)“am,is,are,was,were”叫be动词,是因为他们是be的不同形式 再说“助动词”,(1)一定要注意“助”,是帮助的意思,说明他不是动词,只是起到了辅助的作用,所以,他们就一定要与动词同时出现。[记住啊,他们离不开动词,但是动词没有他们也是可以的]

(2)did,do,does只是do的不同形式,根据你所需要的时态来选择(1)用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句 am:第一人称单数(即只与I连用),用于现在时(一般现在,现在进行,只要那时态中是现在的就行)eg:①I am a girl.一般现在时②I am eating an apple.现在进行时 ③I am going to do my homework.[be going to表将来,将来中只有这一种] is:第三人称单数,用于现在时(一般现在,现在进行,只要那时态中是现在的就行)(it就不举例了)eg:①She/He is a girl/boy.一般现在时②He/She is eating an apple.现在进行时③He/She is going to do his homework.[be going to表将来,将来中只有这一种] are:第二人称单数,所有人称复数,用于现在时(一般现在,现在进行,只要那时态中是现在的就行)eg:①You are a girl. We/You(你们)/They are girls.一般现在时②You are eating an apple.We/You(你们)/They are eating apples.现在进行时③We/You(你们)/They are going to do our/your/their homework.[be going to表将来,将来中只有这一种] was:第一人称单数,第三人称单数,用于过去时(一般过去,

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习

情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习 1.can / could用于表推测的用法 (1) 从使用句型上看,can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于肯定句,而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别,只是could 比can 更委婉,更不确定。如:It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。 What can [could] they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢? We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。 注:can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测,主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的,但实际未必会发生),或表示“有时”之意。如: Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。 She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。 (2) 从时间关系看,对现在或将来情况作推测,后接动词原形;对正在进行的情况作推测,后接be doing 结构;对过去情况作推测,后接动词完成式。如: He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。 He can’t [couldn’t] have understood. 他不可能理解了。

Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? (3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外,还有以下重要用法: ①表示过去没有实现的可能性,常译为“本来可以”。如: I could have lent you the money.Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做,常译为“本来应该”。如: You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 ③表示“差点儿就要”。如: I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。 2. may / might用于表推测的用法 表示推测,两者都可用,只是might 比may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。 (1) 在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。如: He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解 (基础篇) 1、be动词的用法。 英语中,be动词选用单数还是复数,要由主语来定,主语是单数,就用单数,反之用复数。 ◆ 句中含有be动词时: 肯定句:主语+be +其他 否定句:主语+ be + not +其他 一般疑问句: Be +主语+其他+? 特殊疑问句:疑问词(what / who / when / where)+ be +主语+其他+? I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall.

There are two books on the table. ★ be动词用法歌: 我用am,你用are,is 连接他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记; 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be动词作谓语,它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。 她个子很高。她在教室里。 她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”,即,我们常说的“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。 ① 主语为I 或复数名词、代词时: 肯定句: I / We / They / The students +动词原形+其他 +。 We watch TV every night. 变否定:主语+don’t +动词原形+其他+。

be动词的一般现在时

Be动词的一般现在时 句型: 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 1、be动词的意义 Mary is a student. He is at school. I am a teacher. She is beautiful. She is very beautiful. 2、否定句 肯定:It is a book. → 否定:It is not a book. /It isn’t a book. I am a student. → I am not a student. /I’m not a student. You are my friend. →You are not my friend. /You aren’t my friend. She is my sister. These are apples. I am Mary’s deskmate. 他们是我的同班同学。 这本书很有趣。 3、一般疑问句 肯定:I am a student. →一般疑问:Are you a student? She is from China. Is she from China? They are nurses. My book is on the table. John 是中国人吗? 这本书有趣吗? 回答一般疑问句时,主语必须是代词 4、特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词: what, who, which, where, when, why, how) What is this? It is a table. What are they? They are workers. Who are they? They are my friends. 这个男人是谁?他是我的哥哥。 你的哥哥是干什么的?他是一名医生。 5、there is/are句型 1)There is a book on the table. There is the book on the table. There is a bed in this room. There are many eggs in the kitchen. 2)there 的意思 There is a school there. 6、there is/are的否定句与疑问句 1)一般疑问句 ______ ________ many eggs in the kitchen? 厨房里有很多鸡蛋吗? ______ ________ a middle school there? 哪里有一所学校吗? 2)特殊疑问句 How mach ink is there in the ink bottle? There is only a little.

情态动词的一些特殊用法

情态动词的一些特殊用法 情态动词本身有语义, 表示说话人的语气或情态, 但语义不完整, 不能单独作谓语动词, 一般只能与动词原形一起构成谓语动词。现就考试中出现频率高的情态动词及其用法作些说明: 一、must 与must有关的题型经常与其后面应跟什么时态有关. 在有must的句中, 常表示说话人在进行依据较充分的推测。至于用哪些时态, 则有两个参考标准: 句中的时间状语和句间的关系。 Y ou look so sleepy. Y ou must have sat up late last night. 你看上去这么困倦, 昨晚一定睡得很晚。 I mailed that letter a week ago. He must have received it. 我一周前就发出了那封信, 想必他一定收到了。 must + have + -ed分词: 用于肯定句, 表示对过去情况的推测, 意为“肯定, 一定”。 Y ou had only a little egg at breakfast today. Y ou must be hungry now. Must 加动词原形的进行式, 表示对现在发生动作和事物的猜测, 有“一定, 准是”的意思。 其它情态动词如may (might), should (ought to), can(could), need的用法分别如下: 二、may(might) may(might) + have + -ed 分词: 用于肯定句和其它否定句, 表示对已发生事情的不肯定的推测, 意为“可能, 大概”, 其中might较may语气更弱, 把握更小。 They may have derived inspiration from these words. 他们可能从这些话语中获得了灵感。 Our manager may (might) have gone to Guangzhuo attending Spring Fair there last week. 我们经理可能已于上周去广州参加春交会了。

be动词-情态动词及助动词用法

七年级英语双休日作业 班级:姓名:等级 英语句型变化总结练习 1、含有be动词am,is,are构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把am,is,are提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可。 变否定句时直接在am,is,are后面加not即可。例如: 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: a student? 否定句: He a student. 肯定句:We are from China. 一般疑问句: from China? 否定句:We from China 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can, may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can, may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句:she swim? 否定句: She swim. 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时在主语后面加don’t / doesn’t , 谓语用动词原形。例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. 一般疑问句: play football after school? 否定句: They football after school. 肯定句:Tom watches TV every day. 一般疑问句: Tom TV every day? 否定句: Tom TV every day.

注意:变否定句时相关词的改变 肯定句变否定句时,除将谓语变为否定式外,句中其他词语也可能随之改变: 如将some改为any,too和also改为either,and改为or等:There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 →There aren’t ______ birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。 He likes the book, too. 他也喜欢这本书。 →He doesn’t like the book, ______. 他也不喜欢这本书。He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 →He doe sn’t like singing ______dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也 不喜欢跳舞。补充练习: 根据句后括号内的要求,填入句中所缺的词: 1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ know the answer? 2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds? 3. There is a computer in the house. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ a computer in the house? 4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ any flowers on the teachers’ desk? 5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree. 6. I think he is old. (否定句) I ______ think he ______ old.

be动词,一般动词和助动词

be动词、一般动词和助动词 一、be动词、一般动词的现在式 (1)be动词的现在式—am/are/is a.是(表状态) We are happy.—我们很高兴 b.在(表存在) She is in America.—她在美国 含be动词(am/are/is)的肯定句变成否定句时,在be动词后加not即可。 肯定句:主语+am/are/is… 否定句:主语+am/are/is+not… He is a good baseball player. 他是一个好棒球员 (否定句)He is not a good baseball player. = He’s not a good baseball player. = He isn’t a good baseball player. 含be动词(am/are/is)的肯定句变成疑问句时,将be动词拿到主语前,句尾加?即可。肯定句:主语+am/are/is… 疑问句:Am/Are/Is+主语…? 1.That is his camera. 那是他的相机 (疑问句)Is that his camera?

2.The girl is a junior high school student. 那女孩是初中生 (疑问句)Is the girl a junior high school student? 动词开头的疑问句为一般疑问句,可用yes或no回答,而答句中的主语 (问句)Am/Are/Is+主语…? (答句)Yes,主语+am/are/is No,主语+am/are/is not 1.Is that man your math teacher? Yes, he is./No,he is not. 2.Are you eating your lunch? Yes, I am./No, I’m not. (2)一般动词的现在式 凡是日常生活中具体的动作,如:eat-吃饭,walk-走路及抽象的动作如:like-喜欢,think-思考…皆为一般动词 a.大部分动词加s works/plays b.一般动词词尾为o/s/sh/ch时。加es go-goes/wash-washes/watch-watches c.一般动词词尾为字音+y时,去y加ies cry-cries/study-studies have和has has为have(有,吃)的单数形式 They have a lot of money.

情态动词,特殊疑问句,一般疑问句

情态动词(Modal [‘modl:] verbs) 不能独立作谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must not. 情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。 情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。

一般疑问句General ['d?enr?l] Questions 1.基本结构: ①谓语动词是助动词(do, have和be)、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。★be + 主语+ 其它部分 ★情态动词+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其它部分 ★肯定回答用“Yes,主语+be\情态动词.”,否定回答用“No,主语+be\情态动词+not.”。

②谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does、Did,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。 ★助动词+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其它 Do your parents like English Yes,they do. / No,they don’t ③注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候, already要改成yet,some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either, both改成neither, all改成none等.把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。 Are you from Japan﹖Yes, I am./ No, I'm not. Is her sister doing her homework now﹖Yes, she is./ No, she isn't. Does he work in a bank﹖Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't. 2.将陈述句变为一般疑问句 ①含be动词或情态动词的句子(秘诀:一调二改三问号) 一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前; 二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等; 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如: I am an English teacher. →Are you an English teacher We can speak English fluently. →Can you speak English fluently ②含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子(秘诀:一加二改三问号) 一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does; 二改:①把谓语动词改为原形;②、改换主语称谓(同第一组); 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。 We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. → Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening 特殊疑问句The special interrogative sentence 以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 疑问代词:what(什么)who(谁,作主语) which(哪个,在一定范围内选择) whose(谁的,指附属关系)whom(谁,作宾语) ②疑问副词:when(何时,询问时间)where(何地,询问地点) why(为什么,询问原因) how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度) 2.语序:

Be动词和助动词的用法区别

1、be动词的用法。 be am / is are 现在时 was were 过去时 单数复数 英语中,be动词选用单数还是复数,要由主语来定,主语是单数,就用单数,反之用复数。 ◆句中含有be动词时: 肯定句:主语+be +其他 否定句:主语+ be + not +其他 一般疑问句: Be +主语+其他+? 特殊疑问句:疑问词(what / who / when / where)+ be +主语+其他+? I am a teacher. You are right. She is 16 years old. My father is at home. The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be动词用法歌: 我用am,你用are,is 连接他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记; 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be动词作谓语,它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”,即,我们常说的“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。 ①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时: 肯定句: I / We / They / The students +动词原形+其他+。 We watch TV every night. 变否定:主语+don’t +动词原形+其他+。 We don’t watch TV every night. 一般疑问句 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ? Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ? How often do you watch TV? ②主语为单数名词或代词时: 肯定句:主语 + 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他 + 。 He watches TV every night. 否定句:主语+ doesn’t+动词原形+其他+。

情态动词can的基本用法

情态动词can的基本用法: 情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下: 1. 表示"能、会",指脑力或体力方面的"能力"。例如: I can speak En glish. 我会讲英语。 Jim can swim but I can't. 吉姆会游泳,但我不会。 2. 表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性,此时can 't译为“不可能”。例如: Han Mei ca n't be in the classroom. 韩梅不可能在教室里。 Can he come here today, please? 请问他今天能到这里来吗? 3. 表示"可以",常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事,可以代替 may。例如: Can I have a cup of tea, please? 请问我可以喝一杯茶吗? You can go out. 你可以出去了。 补充:can的过去式could,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力 女口: He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。 如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?一 Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?一Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答) 情态动词can的基本句型:

1. 肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如: They can play basketball. 他们能打篮球。 She can dance.她会跳舞。 You can go to watch TV. 你可以去看电视了。 2. ........................... 否定句型为:主语+can not(can't/cannot)+ 动词原形+其它。表示"某人不能(不会。不可能)做其中can't是can not的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。例如: You cann ot pass the ball like this. 你不能像这样传球。 I ca n't ride a motorbike. 我不会骑摩托车。 3. 疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型。 ⑴一般疑问句句型为:Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示"某人会(能。可以)做吗?",用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用""Yes,主语+can."作答; 否定答语用"No,主语+can't."作答。注意答语中做主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如: ①-Can you sing an En glish song for us? 你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗?

be动词和助动词句式

1.be动词(am/is/are) 主语be动词(原形)be动词(过去式) I am was He/she/it is was We/you/they are were 口诀:我用am, 你用are,is用在他她它,所有复数全用are ①肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. ②一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese?——Yes, you are. /No, you aren’t. Is the cat fat? ——Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. Are they American?——Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t. 表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes或No,句中没有疑问词。 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句: 1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。 2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。 3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤: (1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人/某物)后,动词前。 (2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。

(3)把助动词后提到句首。 (4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 有some的要考虑是否要用any 2.助动词(do/does/did) 主语助动词(原形)助动词(过去式)否定形式I/We/you/they do did don’t/didn’t He/she/it does did doesn’t/didn’t ①.Do+非第三人称单数+动词原形…? do/don't you/they have...?—Yes, I do/No, I don’t. ②.Does+第三人称单数+动词原形…? does/doesn't he/she have...?—Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. ③Did+所有主格+动词原形…? did/didn't you/he/she/they go to school?—Yes, i did./No, I didn’t. 3.特殊疑问句 表示疑问,有疑问词开头,回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词:What、Who、When、Which、Why、Whose、How ※What do you/they/we…+动词原形?I/They/We+动词原形… What does he/she/it…He/She/It +(动词+S)…. What did you/they/we/ he/she/it…I/They/We/ He/She/It +动词过去式Eg:What did you do last weekend? I cleaned my room. Who cleaned my room? Your mother cleaned your room. When do you go to school? I go to school at 7 o’clock. Which one is your book? The red one is my book. Why do you like this book? Because it is funny.

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇) 1、be动词的用法。 be am / is was 单数 用单数,反之用复数。 ◆句中含有be动词时: 肯定句: 主语+be +其他 否定句: 主语+be +not +其他 一般疑问句: Be +主语+其他+? 特殊疑问句: 疑问词(what / who / when / where)+be +主语+其他+? I am a teacher.You are right.She is 16years old.My father is at home. The students are playing games.My teacher was ill yesterday. There is a picture on the wall. There are two books on the table. ★ be动词用法歌: 我用am,你用are,is 连接他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。

变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记; 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 ★ be动词作谓语,它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。 她个子很高。她在教室里。 她是一个高个子的女孩。 2、助动词的用法。 英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”,即,我们常说的“主语+谓语+其他”。are were 复数现在时过去时英语中,be动词选用单数还是复数,要由主语来定,主语是单数,就①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时: 肯定句: I / We / They / The students +动词原形+其他+。 We watch TV every night. 变否定: 主语+don’t +动词原形+其他+。 We don’t watch TV every night. 一般疑问句Do +主语+动词原形+其他+? Do you watch TV every night? Yes, we do./No, we don’t. 特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ do +主语+动词原形+其他+?How often do you watch TV?

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