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ASTM D1683-04 seam strength

Designation:D1683–04

Standard Test Method for

Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Apparel Fabrics1

This standard is issued under the?xed designation D1683;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1.Scope

1.1This test method measures the sewn seam strength in woven fabrics by applying a force perpendicular to the sewn seams.

N OTE1—The grab test procedure in Test Method D5034shall be used to determine any characteristic in fabric that can affect the measurement of sewn seam strength.

1.1.1This test method is applicable to sewn seams obtained from a previously sewn article or seams sewn with fabric samples using either a speci?c seam assembly(see Table1),or production seam assemblies.

1.2This test method is used when a breaking force to rupture,a minimum elongation,or both are required to determine the sewn seam strength,seam slippage,or seam integrity of a particular fabric for a speci?ed end use.

N OTE2—This test method is used in conjunction with Test Method D5034,which is used to measure breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics.Sewn seams in woven fabrics can fail due to rupture,slippage,or any combination thereof.Rupture can be further categorized as failure or fabric,or sewing thread,or seam slippage.

1.3This test method does not predict actual wear perfor-mance of a seam.

1.4The values stated in either acceptable metric units(SI) or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard.The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.

1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2.Referenced Documents

2.1ASTM Standards:2

D76Speci?cation for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles

D123Terminology Relating to Textiles

D434Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam

D1776Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing and Testing Textiles

D5034Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics(Grab Test)

D6193Practice for Stitches and Seams

3.Terminology

3.1De?nitions:

3.1.1needle damage,n—in sewn fabrics,the partial or complete yarn severance or?ber fusing caused by a needle passing through a fabric during sewing.

3.1.2seam allowance,n—in sewn fabrics,the distance from the edge of a fabric to the parallel stitch line furthest from that edge.

3.1.3seam assembly,n—the composite structure obtained when fabric(s)are joined by means of a seam.

3.1.3.1Discussion—A seam assembly may be described in terms of fabric orientation,seam direction,seam type,stitch type,seam allowance,sewing thread tex number(s)and type(s) stitch density,stitch gage,and rows of stitching.

3.1.4seam eff?ciency,n—in sewn fabrics,the ratio,ex-pressed as a percentage,of the breaking force required to rupture a sewn seam to that required to rupture the fabric. 3.1.5seam engineering,n—in sewn fabrics,the procedures used to select a speci?c combination of sewing thread,stitch type,seam type,and stitch density to achieve the maximum sewn seam strength for a particular fabric type.

3.1.6seam failure,n—in sewn fabrics,that point at which an external force(1)ruptures the sewing thread,(2)ruptures the fabric,(3)causes excessive yarn slippage adjacent to the stitches,or(4)causes any combination of these unacceptable conditions.

3.1.6.1Discussion—Despite the lack of rupture,excessive seam slippage will either signi?cantly reduce seam efficiency, or,result in an unsightly appearance thus creating seam failure.

3.1.7seam slippage,n—in sewn fabrics,a mode of failure in production seams.

3.1.7.1Discussion—Shown as a transverse ratio of junction strength to fabric strength including the ratio of elongation of fabric to the ratio of elongation at the junction.Seam slippage, occurs when fabric yarns parallel to the stitch line move away

1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13on Textiles

and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54on Subassemblies.

Current edition approved March1,2004.Published April2004.Originally

approved in1990.Discontinued in1999and reinstated in2004as D1683–04.

2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b09056125.html,,or

contact ASTM Customer Service at service@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b09056125.html,.For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

from the seam.It is caused by the yarns in the fabric pulling out from the stitch line,and manifests itself as a gaping opening.Any movement of the warp and weft yarns away from a seam line under transverse stresses,which exacerbate the potential damage.(See yarn slippage .)

3.1.8seam type ,n —in sewn fabrics ,an alphanumeric des-ignation relating to the essential characteristics of fabric positioning and rows of stitching in a speci?ed sewn fabric seam.

3.1.8.1Discussion —The ?rst two letters of the designation show seam type;the third and subsequent letters specify a particular mating alignment;the number designation indicates the number of rows of stitches.

3.1.9sewn seam ,n —in sewn fabrics ,a juncture at which two or more planar structures such as textile fabrics,are joined by sewing,usually near the edge.

3.1.10sewn seam strength ,n —in sewn fabrics,the maxi-mum resistance to rupture of the junction formed by stitching together two or more planar structures.

3.1.11slippage ,n —in sewn fabrics ,the displacement of one or more fabric yarns from their original position,so as to cause differences in alignment,spacing or both. 3.1.12standard seam ,n —a seam assembly which uses a speci?c seam type for a designated fabric having speci?c weight,density and construction,as shown in Table 1.

3.1.13stitch ,n —in sewn seams ,the repeated unit formed by the sewing thread(s)in the production of seams.

3.1.14stitch density ,n —in sewn fabrics ,the number of stitches per unit length in one row of stitching.

3.1.15stitch gage ,n —in sewn fabrics ,the perpendicular distance between adjacent parallel rows of stitching.

3.1.16stitch type ,n —a numerical designation relating to the essential characteristics of the interlacing of sewing thread(s)in a speci?ed stitch.

3.1.16.1Discussion —Stitch types are described in Practice D 6193.

3.1.17yarn slippage ,n —a mode of failure of fabrics when sewn using a standard seam.

3.1.17.1Discussion —The displacement of one or more fabric yarns from the original position(s)so as to cause differences in alignment and spacing of both yarns.

3.2For de?nitions of other textile terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology D 123.

TABLE 1Standard/Default Seam Assembly Speci?cation A

Fabric:High Density Warp and Filling Yarn Construction made of Fine Count Yarns Mass

up to 270g/m 2(8oz/yd 2)over 270g/m 2(8oz/yd 2)Seam allowance 13mm (0.5in.)16mm (0.625in.)

Needle:Size Metric 90(0.036in.)Metric 110(0.044in.)Finish chrome

chrome

Point

thin ball (No.1/No.23)

medium ball (No.23/No.43)Sewing thread size:Cotton

Tex 35Tex 70Polyester-core Tex 40Tex 60Seam Type Ssa-1Ssa-1Stitch Type 301

301

Stitch Density

4.761?2stitches per centimetre 3.161?2stitches per centimetre (1261?2stitches per inch)

(861?2stitches per inch)

Fabric:Medium Density Warp and Filling Yarn Construction made of Fine to Medium Count Yarns Mass

up to 270g/m 2(8oz/yd 2)over 270g/m 2(8oz/yd 2)Seam Allowance 25mm (1in.)

25mm (1in.)

Needle:Size Metric 110(0.044in.)Metric 140(0.054in.)Finish chrome

chrome

Point

medium ball (No.43/No.44)medium ball (No.43/No.44)Sewing Thread:Cotton

Tex 70Tex 105Polyester-core Tex 60Tex 90Seam type SSn-2SSn-2Stitch type 301

301

Stitch density

4.761?2stitches per centimetre 3.161?2stitches per centimetre (1261?2stitches per inch)

(861?2stitches per inch)

Fabric:Low Density Warp and Filling Yarn Construction made of Medium to Heavy Count Yarns Mass

up to 270g/m 2(8oz/yd 2)over 270g/m 2(8oz/yd 2)Seam allowance 40mm (1.5in.)40mm (1.5in.)Needle:Size Metric 110(0.044in.)Metric 140(0.054in.)Finish chrome

chrome

Point

medium ball (No.44)

heavy ball (No.45)

Sewing thread size:Cotton

Tex 70Tex 105Polyester-core Tex 60Tex 90Seam type SSd-2SSd-2Stitch type 401

401

Stitch density

4.761?2stitches per centimetre 3.161?2stitches per centimetre (1261?2stitches per inch)

(861?2stitches per inch)

A complete description of seam types and stitch types can be found in Practice D

6193.

4.Summary of Test Method

4.1This test method can also be used to measure seam slippage by subtracting the elongation of the fabric from that of the fabric with a seam in it.

4.2The applied force is longitudinal and perpendicular to the seam.

4.2.1A force is applied until seam failure occurs.

5.Signi?cance and Use

5.1This test method can also be used to determine either the sewn seam strength of textiles or the efficiency of a seam assembly with any given fabric.Additionally,the seam strengths of different fabrics can be compared directly by using one of the standard seam assemblies speci?ed in Table1. Because current information about laboratory precision is incomplete,comparative tests may be advisable.

5.1.1In case of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments,the purchaser and the supplier should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b09056125.html,petent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum,the two parties should take a group of test speci-mens from the same lot of fabric to be evaluated,which utilize a like seam assembly(or standard seam assembly).The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.If a bias is found,either its cause must be determined and corrected,or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.

5.2This test method determines the seam efficiency of a speci?ed seam assembly with each fabric.Because seam efficiency varies with each fabric,one of the standard seam assemblies,as noted in Table1,should be used when compar-ing the seam strength of different fabrics.Table1lists the default seam assembly speci?cations to be used for fabrics made with?ne,medium and heavy count yarns.If a determi-nation cannot be made as to which seam is the best suited for

a particular fabric,all should be evaluated.

5.3Seams prepared for this test method should be made by competent factory sewing operators familiar with the potential for damage to the integrity of the sewn seam when stitching is improperly done.(See Note2.)

N OTE3—If competent factory sewing operators are not accessible,a laboratory technician familiar with the potential for damage of an improperly sewn seam may prepare the seamed test specimens.It is imperative for purchaser/supplier to understand the impact an improperly sewn seam will have on test results.)

5.4This test method is applicable whenever a determination of effective sewn seam strength,that is,the optimum seam interaction,is required.The breaking force of the seam and fabric will permit determination of seam efficiency.This test method can aid in determining optimum seam interaction for any given fabric by comparing the properties of the fabric with and without seams.

5.5Seam engineering techniques for speci?c fabric types can also be determined by utilizing this test method.

5.6This test method can be used to determine when the sewn seam is affected by seam slippage.While the ultimate consequence of this phenomenon is rupture,seam slippage greater than either the values stated in customer speci?cations, or as agreed upon by purchaser/supplier may severely reduce the integrity such that the product cannot be used for its intended purpose.(An example of a commonly used seam slippage value is6mm[0.25in.]).

6.Apparatus

6.1Tensile Testing Machine,as used in Test Method D5034 conforming to Speci?cation D76,and preferably a constant-rate-of-extension(CRE)type of machine capable of jaw separation rate of305610mm/min(12.060.5in./min)and an adequate pen or interfaced computer response to record the force-extension curve.When a CRE type of machine is not used,a constant-rate-of traverse(CRT)type of machine.(See Note4.)

N OTE4—In cases of dispute a constant-rate-of-extension(CRE)type machine should be used to referee testing.Because of the biases between test results for these types of tensile testing machine,report the name,type and date of calibration of the machine used.)

6.1.1At least one clamp should be supported by a free swivel or universal joint to allow the clamp to rotate in the plane of the fabric.

6.1.2Back Jaws,25mm(1in.),parallel to direction of force application by not less than50mm(2in.)perpendicular to direction of force application.(See Note5.)

N OTE5—Front(or top)faces measuring25by50mm(1.0by2.0in.) will not necessarily give the same value as25by25mm(1.0by1.0in.) faces.For many materials,the former are preferable because of the larger gripping area which tends to reduce slippage.While both sizes of gripping surface are permitted,the face sizes used must be the same for all samples in the test and must be recorded in the report.

6.1.3Front Jaws,25by25mm(1by1in.).

6.2Sewing Machine,with any necessary accessories ca-pable of handling the test fabric and forming the required seam(s)and stitch types.

6.3Sewing Threads,to be either of required type,materials, and tex size as determined by purchaser and supplier,or of the type,materials,and tex size speci?ed for standard seams in Table1.

6.4Dividers,one pair.

6.5Metal Rule,graduated in1-mm(0.03125-in.)subdivi-sions.

7.Sampling Manufactured Items

7.1Specimens can be taken from either previously sewn seam or from structures made with sewn seams as noted in Table1,or using a seam assembly as agreed to between purchaser and supplier.

7.2Lot Sample for Manufactured Items—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random,the number of shipping units of manufactured items containing sewn seams as directed in a material speci?cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.(See Note6.)

N OTE6—An adequate speci?cation or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability

between

cartons of previously manufactured items or rolls of fabric from which sewn seam will be prepared;and between specimens from a carton of manufactured items or prepared constructions to produce a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk and consumer’s risk,while at the same time providing acceptable quality and limited quality levels.)

7.3Laboratory Sample for Manufactured Items —Take suf-?cient manufactured items from each carton of a lot sample as to provide adequate laboratory samples and adequate speci-mens for each assembly being evaluated.If more than one type of seam assembly exists in the laboratory samples,the choice of seam assembly to be evaluated must be agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.

7.4Test Specimens from Manufactured Items —Cut ?ve test specimens for each speci?ed seam assembly in each of the warp and ?ll directions (where applicable)from the speci?ed manufactured item(s)in the laboratory sample.Cut each specimen to a total length of 350mm (14in.)perpendicular to the proposed seam,with 250mm (10in.)on one side of the seam and 100mm (4in.)on the opposite site of the seam,and a width of 100mm (4in.)parallel to the stitch line(s)of the seam.(See Fig.1.)If the required number of specimens cannot be cut from each laboratory sampling unit or if there is more than one seam in the laboratory sampling units,modify the sampling plan as agreed between the supplier and purchaser.(See Note 7.)

N OTE 7—When the specimen length of 350mm (14in.)is not attainable so as to provide sufficient length of fabric perpendicular to the seam,to allow adequate seam strength testing and fabric strength testing,a modi?cation must be agreed to between purchaser and supplier.A comparison of the fabric break strength as determined by Test Method D 5034,of the two fabric swatches used in the seaming to the sewn strength of the seam assembly is required to produce a value indicative of the seam efficiency.

8.Sampling of Seams Prepared from Fabric

8.1Lot Sample for Fabric —As a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicable material speci?cation or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier.

8.2Laboratory Sample for Fabric —After discarding 1m (1yd)from the outside roll,take a swatch 3m (3yd)in length and the full width of the fabric to construct an adequate quantity of the seam assembly,which is to be evaluated.

8.2.1Specimen Preparation —As a source of test speci-mens,cut ?ve specimens 350mm (14in.)by 100mm (4in.)with their long dimensions parallel either to the warp (ma-chine)direction or to the ?lling (cross)direction,or cut specimens for testing from both directions if required.(See Fig.2.)Preferably specimens for a given fabric direction should be spaced along a diagonal of the fabric to allow for representa-tion of different warp and ?lling yarns,or machine and cross direction areas,in each specimen.When possible,

?lling

FIG.1Seamed Specimen Removed from Manufactured

Item FIG.2Cut Specimen Dimension from

Fabric

specimens should contain yarn from widely separated ?lling areas.Unless otherwise speci?ed,take specimens no nearer to the selvage,or edge of the fabric,than one tenth of the width of the fabric.Depending on the direction in which seam strength is to be tested,sew swatch as follows:

8.2.2Fold the specimen 100mm (4in.)from one end with the fold parallel to the short direction of the fabric.Sew a seam as agreed upon by purchaser and supplier (Note 8).(See Fig.3.)

N OTE 8—In the absence of an agreement on the construction of a seam assembly,prepare a standard seam using the speci?cations from Table 1.These seam assembly speci?cations are categorized by fabric weight,yarn density and construction,as shown in Table 1.These default seam assemblies are to be used when production seams are not available,or speci?ed.

8.2.3After seaming,cut the fold open.The test specimen should contain a seam approximately 100mm (4in.)from one end.Each test specimen will contain sufficient material for one seamed and one fabric test.(See Fig.1.)

8.2.3.1Yarns parallel to direction of force,and perpendicu-lar to the seam,when tested,indicates seam strength test direction.(See Note 9)

N OTE 9—When preparing sewn seams to be evaluated for failure,it is suggested that distinct colors of sewing thread be used to easily identify warp,?lling directions,or the specimens be marked accordingly.

9.Conditioning

9.1Condition the specimens by bringing them from the dry side to approximate moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D 1776.Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when the increase in mass of the specimen in successive weighings

made at intervals of not less than 2h does not exceed 0.1%of the mass of the specimen.

9.2The following conditioning periods are a minimum exposure time for the particular ?ber types listed.Heavy fabrics or fabric blends may require a longer period of conditioning time to reach moisture equilibrium.

Fiber

Conditioning Period

(h)Animal ?bers (for example wool)and regenerated proteins

Vegetable ?bers (for example cotton)6Viscose 8Acetate

4Fibers having a moisture regain less than 5%at 65%relative humidity

10.Procedure

10.1All Sewn Seam Samples —Specimens are cut from samples to achieve specimen size shown in Fig.4.

10.1.1Determine the stitch density by counting the stitches per centimetre (stitches per inch).

10.1.2With the fabric in the open front position (as shown in Fig.4)place the specimen into the clamp with the seam line centrally located between the clamp faces and perpendicular to the pulling force.

10.2To aid in placing specimens into the testing machine,it is recommended to draw vertical alignment guides perpendicu-lar to the stitch line 40mm (1.5in.)from both edges.For matched top and bottom jaws of equal width,measuring from the edge to perpendicular lines drawn on the specimen can ensure proper placement in the clamps.(See Fig.5.)

10.3Machine Set-up Conditions —Adjust the distance be-tween the clamps at the start of the test at 7563mm (360.1in.).(See Fig.5.)Select the force range of testing machine so that break occurs between the 10and 90%of full-scale force.10.4Sewn Seam Strength and Seam Slippage —To calculate seam slippage,the load versus displacement curve for the sewn seam must be compared to the load versus displacement

curve

FIG.3Seamed Specimen Dimensions Prepared from

Fabric FIG.4Seamed Specimen Removed from Manufactured

Item

for the fabric.(See Fig.6.)Place the pen of the recording device on the zero ordinate and any convenient abscissa,start the tensile testing machine and continue the procedure until the sewn seam or fabric ruptures.Stop the machine and reset to the initial start position.(See Note 10for computerized software program information.)

N OTE 10—Computerized software programs are available from various tensile testing equipment manufacturers.Although these programs are available to testing facilities,it is imperative that the laboratory operators/technicians fully understand the test parameters used in the calculations for both Sewn Seam Strength and Seam Slippage.

10.4.1During application of the force to the sewn seam specimen,observe and record whether the seam rupture is caused by (1)fabric yarn rupture,(2)sewing thread rupture,(3)sewn seam yarn slippage,or (4)a combination of two or more of the foregoing.

10.4.2For measurement of seam elongation,prepare a force-elongation chart,having the curve set separated for each specimen and the starting point on a zero ordinate and corresponding abscissa.

10.4.3Ensure that no clamp slippage occurs during the test.There are several options available to check for clamp slip-page,an example of which follows:Distinction between clamp slippage and fabric slippage within the specimen can be determined by measuring the elongation of the intermediate space between the upper and lower limits of the clamp gage area.(See Fig.5.)

10.4.3.1Measure two points 25mm (1.0in.)both above and below stitch line and (1)draw parallel lines,(2)attach a device

which measures elongation either mechanically or electroni-cally,and (3)record the change in length between these two lines.

10.4.4Note the actual time of break for the ?rst three specimens.If the time of break for these specimens is within 2063s,do not determine the time of break for the remaining specimens and do not report the average time of break.If the time of break for the ?rst three specimens is outside 2063s,determine the time of break for each specimen and report the average time of break.

10.4.4.1If the average of the three tests meets the time criterion set up,these observations shall be part of the number of tests.Record and report separately the test results in either warp or ?lling directions.

10.5Elongation of Base Fabric :

10.5.1To determine the elongation of the fabric of a previously manufactured item,use the remainder of fabric specimen,perpendicular to the seam not utilized in sewn seam strength testing (see Fig.1,Fig.3,or Fig.4),and test as indicated in Test Method D 5034.The pen of the recording device must be placed on the same zero ordinate and abscissa as used to test the corresponding sewn seam.

10.6Discarding Data —Causes for failure which yield breaking force values that are signi?cantly below average include,but are not limited to (1)specimen slippage in jaws,(2)breaks at the edge of (or in)the jaws,and (3)faulty operation of test equipment.The decision to discard the results of any failing specimen must be agreed to between

purchaser

FIG.5Seamed Specimen Placement in

Clamps

and supplier.In the absence of any such agreement,these specimens and results shall be retained.

10.6.1Any decision to discard the results of a breaking force test shall be based on observation of the specimen during the test.When a determination is signi?cantly below the average for the set of specimens and there is physical evidence that the specimen was damaged,or that the test was carried out improperly,disregard the test determination and test another specimen.The reason for disregarding this determination must be reported.

10.6.2When a fabric manifests any slippage in the jaws,or if more than 24%of the specimens break at a point within 5mm (0.020in.)of the edge of the jaw,then (1)the jaws may be padded,(2)the fabric may be coated under the jaw face area,or (3)the surface of the jaw face may be modi?ed.If any of these modi?cations are used,state so in the report.

11.Calculation

11.1Sewn Seam Strength —Calculate the maximum sewn seam strength of individual specimens having a like seam assembly;that is,maximum force in Newtons to cause a specimen to rupture as read directly from the testing instrument using Eq 1:

S s 5kS b

(1)

where:

S s =sewn seam strength,N (lbf),

k =a constant equal to 1000for SI units and 1for

inch-pound units,and

S b =observed seam breaking force,N (lbf).

11.2Seam Eff?ciency —Determine percent seam efficiency using Eq

FIG.6Seam Slippage

Chart

E5100S s/F b(2) where:

E=seam efficiency,%,

S s=sewn seam strength,N(lbf),and

F b=fabric breaking force,N(lbf).

11.3Measurement of Seam Slippage—To measure6-mm (0.25-in.)seam slippage,set the dividers at one quarter the distance of chart travel for25mm(1in.)of jaw travel.(See Note11.)Recorders may exhibit distinct ratios of actual magni?cation.(See Fig.6.)

N OTE11—Example:Set dividers to7mm(0.28in.)for a1.25:1ratio; at6mm(0.25in.)for a1:1ratio;at14mm(0.56in.)for a2.250:1ratio.

11.3.1To this setting,add the compensation,the distance between the force-elongation curves of the sewn specimens at the4.5-N(1-lbf)ordinate(point B,C,Fig.6).

11.3.2With the dividers set as in11.3,follow the force-elongation curve for the fabric with one point of the divider until the other point of the divider meets the force-elongation curve of the sewn seam and both points rest on the same ordinate.

11.3.3Record the force in newtons(pounds-force)to the nearest2N(0.5lbf)at this ordinate.

11.3.4Subtract the4.5-N(1-lbf)compensation and record the result as resistance to seam slippage.

11.3.5Repeat this procedure for the additional sewn seam specimens.

12.Report

12.1State that the tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D1683.Describe the material or product being sampled and the method of sampling used.

12.2Report all of the following items for the sewn seams tested:

12.2.1Sewn seam strength in newtons(pounds-force)for each specimen tested and the average of the results using Eq1, 12.2.2Seam efficiency using Eq2,

12.2.3Force required to effect seam slippage of0.6mm (0.25in.)to the nearest2N(0.5lbf)or other end point,or seam slippage value as determined by speci?cation or agreed upon by purchaser and supplier,

12.2.3.1Indicate type of failure:for example,rupture char-acterized by fabric break or thread break,or slippage,or if force to break exceeds capacity of testing machine,

12.2.4Time to break as discussed in10.4.4,

12.2.5If requested,the standard deviation,coefficient of variation,or both,of any of the properties,

12.2.6Number of specimens tested in each direction, 12.2.7Type and size of jaw faces(clamp design)used, 12.2.8Type of padding used in jaws,modi?cation of specimens gripped in the jaws,or modi?cation of jaw faces,if used,

12.2.9If requested,the make and model of testing machine and full scale load range used for testing an date of calibration, and

12.2.10Any modi?cation of procedure as discussed in Note 11.

13.Precision and Bias

13.1The precision of this test method will be established after completion of a full-scale interlaboratory test is complete. Preliminary intralaboratory testing data has been completed and is attached.

13.2Bias—The procedures in this test method have no bias because the value of this evaluation can be de?ned only in the terms of a test method.

14.Keywords

14.1seam efficiency;seam slippage;sewn seam;sewn seam strength;yarn slippage;woven fabric

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(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b09056125.html,).

密室逃脱计划书

密室逃脱计划书一、项目介绍真人密室逃脱，打破了电脑游戏的局限和束缚，原汁原味的展现了密室的精髓，让玩家能过通过自己的双眼和双手，经过逻辑思考和观察力，不断的发现线索和提示，最重要的是团队的合作，能够顺利的逃脱。整个过程充满了未知性和不确定性，在紧张的场景氛围中，真正的融入到故事背景中去，这是电脑游戏所无法提供的乐趣。真人密室也是在2011年才在国内正式起步，相较于国外已经成熟的体系，还未完全被大众所接受。2011年9月20日，第一家主营真人密室逃脱的俱乐部，在杭州正式成立。据可靠统计，全国目前已经有超过500家以上真人密室逃脱俱乐部，其中以北上广三地发展最为迅速。福州地区2013年3月左右，开始出现第一家真人密室逃脱俱乐部。我们的密室逃脱俱乐部名为八度空间，于2013年5月开始经营，属于福州地区比较早的密室商家。二、市场分析 1.市场前景分析：我们都是生活在平静生活中的普通人，每天重复着相同的事情，毫无生机。即便有着看电影、唱K、泡吧等种种休闲活动，但是对于追求新鲜的年轻人来说，闲暇时间还是显得越来越乏味。而要脱离这种提不起劲的困境，逐渐兴起的真人主题密室逃脱无疑会是一个最好的选择。密室逃脱实体游戏项目，既好玩刺激，又可以让每个体验者在游戏中充分调用智慧和体力，享受酐畅淋漓的畅快感觉。据调查，福州2010年人口711万，现在福州的密室逃脱有6家（有实力），一年的订单数为22100个，票价35左右。和福州的土地面积差不多大小的洛阳和北京，与之比较，洛阳和北京的密室逃脱比福州早一年开始，2010年洛阳人口680万，现在洛阳一年的订单数为27200个，但是只有一家的密室逃脱（有实力），为寡头市场。2012年北京人口2069万，现在北京一年的订单数为49000个，票价70元，11家密室逃脱。福州与洛阳比较：店铺越多，接收客源面积越大，订单数越多。所以福州的未来市场的需求量为增幅状态。福州与北京比较：价钱越贵，订单数越少。所以福州的未来市场的需求量为增幅状态。注：以上数据来源于美团网和中国知网，店铺收入不单单来源于网络的团购，还有其他收入，所以这只是代表部分的收入，所以当做消极悲观者的眼光来看待市场的需求量也是为增幅状态。作为一个新兴行业，它的市场是还没有饱和的，你的质量比别家的好，有吸引力，客源量就会增加。结论：2014年起，至少一年，市场的需求量为增幅状态。 2.与传统娱乐项目对比的优势 ①体验刺激或许过山车的尖叫只是生理上的一种释放，但是主题密室逃脱却能够从心理上让体验者感受刺激。各种精心布置的主题场景，暗含玄机的种种物品，还有与场景相配的音乐，这些都能够让体验者产生一种身临其境的感觉，从而可以更快地融入密室逃脱当中。当然，情节悬疑也是好玩的密室逃脱中一个重要影响因素。只有环环相扣的故事情节以及层层迭进的线索，才能够带动体验者更充分地享受推理和逃脱的过程。 ②高科技力挺密室逃脱要做得好仅仅依靠故事情节和环境布置就太单薄了，高科技产品的使用也是使密室逃脱更加真实的一个诀窍。运用高科技物理机械和电子幻灯制造悬疑的场景气氛，炫酷的室内特技效果让场景显得更加逼真，而红外线、夜视仪等道具的使用也充分调动了体验者的紧张感和积极性。这些高科技的使用让密室逃脱不仅仅只是一个游戏项目，还成为一场科技产品展示的体验与经历。 ③价值无限如果只将其当作是一个娱乐项目未免有点太低看真人密室逃脱了，因为在整个的逃脱过程当中，除了让体验者感受刺激和悬疑以外，还考验了每个体验者的智力、耐性以及良好的团队协作力。只有将团队中每个人找到的线索结合起来，才能够找到正确的出路。当然，这中间也需要有人指挥，有人配合，一旦团

小游戏----密室逃脱

活动名称：大班数学探索活动----密室逃脱设计思路：偶然的机会听孩子们分享自己玩游戏的经验，发现他们对比较有挑战性的游戏如密室逃脱闯关等非常感兴趣，于是，我就想：能不能用游戏这样一个载体，将数学这一学科的某些知识呈现在里面？于是，我就按照自己的理解，把生活中常见的物品分成几个层次：将游戏材料有的散点状放置，有的向不同方向有序排列，有的重叠排列等，投放到科学探索区内，观察幼儿的游戏情况。在幼儿操作材料过程中，我发现他们数数时的方法、速度、能力等都有异同，因此，我梳理了幼儿的一些数数经验，结合大班幼儿的年龄特点，生成了本次活动。活动目标：1、在幼儿观察、比较、推理中，尝试通过操作材料，探索可以将物品数正确的方法。 2、仔细倾听同伴的想法，乐意分享观察方式。活动准备：幼儿操作卡（每人2张）、PPT4张、笔、夹子、照片。活动过程： 1、呈现密室，激发幼儿兴趣：了解幼儿数数的能力。出示PPT1，谈话引出课题 1、讲解密室逃脱游戏规则。师：今天，老师带你们玩密室逃脱，你知道这个游戏怎么玩吗？师讲解游戏规则：密室逃脱就是我们进入房间，通过数房间里各种物品的数量来推算出房门的密码，从而打开房门，逃出密室。 2、报数游戏：让幼儿数数接龙。师：清点人数完毕，请你们摆一个最漂亮、最帅气的姿势跟老师们打个招呼，不然，待会出不来可能没有人来救你。 3、谈话：你能数到几？师：刚才集体报数完全正确，现在，我问问小朋友，你最多能数到几？我说一个数字，你接着往下数，往下数（）个数。（教师一方面关注幼儿数数是否正确，另一方面关注幼儿从十位数数到百位数数的能力，同时，观察其他幼儿，聆听每个幼儿的数数情况。）师：小朋友们都能数到很大的数，真了不起！但你们数数的正确性怎么样呢？老师会在游戏中检查你们的本领。 2、进入密室：探索正确数数的方法。第一环节：来到密室一：出示PPT2 师：我们已经进入密室，现在，赶紧来找找怎打开房门的密码。（引导幼儿找到门上的密码锁，通过寻找密码打开锁从而逃出密室。）密码锁提示我们找哪些物品？ 1、幼儿完成相应操作卡，正确数出PPT上相框、靠枕、猫及红花的数量。师：密码锁提示我们：要仔细找找密室里有几幅相框？靠枕有几个?猫有几只？红花有几朵？把你观察到的结果记录在对应的空格里，不会写数字的用圆点代替。（教师重点关注猫和红花的记录情况） 2、幼儿交流自己的观察结果。教师及时提升幼儿表达的数数要领： A、一起告诉我，相框有几幅？靠枕有几个？师总结：东西比较少，数起来很方便； B、数猫可就不简单了，请您告诉我，你数到有几只猫？你在哪里找到了第×只猫？师总结：要把东西数清楚是需要讲究方法，要从上到下、从左到右、从前到后，只要按照一定的顺序就能数清楚。（教师要重点关注幼儿的表达，如方位是否正确，语句是否完整，还要关注幼儿数猫的方法） C、这里的花特别多，你是怎么数的？你是怎么数的？黄花能不能数进去？引导幼儿说出2个2个一起数的规律。师总结：数东西的时候，不但要讲究顺序，而且要仔细看清楚题目，

密室逃脱相关 (2)

小游戏----密室逃脱

今天，老师带你们玩密室逃脱，你知道这个游戏怎么玩吗？师讲解游戏规则：密室逃脱就是我们进入房间，通过数房间里各种物品的数量来推算出房门的密码，从而打开房门，逃出密室。 2、报数游戏：让幼儿数数接龙。师：清点人数完毕，请你们摆一个最漂亮、最帅气的姿势跟老师们打个招呼，不然，待会出不来可能没有人来救你。 3、谈话：你能数到几？师：刚才集体报数完全正确，现在，我问问小朋友，你最多能数到几？我说一个数字，你接着往下数，往下数（）个数。（教师一方面关注幼儿数数是否正确，另一方面关注幼儿从十位数数到百位数数的能力，同时，观察其他幼儿，聆听每个幼儿的数数情况。）师：小朋友们都能数到很大的数，真了不起！但你们数数的正确性怎么样呢？老师会在游戏中检查你们的本领。 2、进入密室：探索正确数数的方法。第一环节：来到密室一：出示PPT2

《密室逃脱》碧绿色房间闯关攻略详解

《密室逃脱》碧绿色房间闯关攻略详解继博士的家之后，小编接下来要为大家介绍密室逃脱碧绿色房间闯关攻略。密室逃脱，又叫TAKAGISM ，是一款密室闯关游戏，游戏需要玩游戏者在游戏中寻找线索，一步一步地走出密室。《密室逃脱》游戏的玩法很简单，只需用鼠标即可。整个游戏过程都是在一间房子里进行的，游戏的主人公不知道为什么被困在这里(每集都交待了不同的原因，但这些原因都是相当的离奇)T akagism的逃离房间系列是非常经典的解迷小游戏，自从作者推出第一个版本Crimson Room后便深受世界各地网友的喜爱，并因此掀起了一股“逃离房间热”。本文将详细介绍密室逃脱碧绿色房间如何闯关。 1、开灯，左转(点画面的左下角,右转同理)在鞋橱的鞋下边发现“若”字图片;鞋橱底发现镜框。 2、左转，在土黄色的垫子底下发现“般”字图片。 3、左转，在壁橱的最上一格中左右边分别发现“多”字图片和一束香。二格的红笔记本有锁打不开，在最下面的小橱里发现黄影集里两张照片。 4、点地上的红毯子，发现骷髅！点击靠近，在左手手腕处发现钥匙,右手发现药瓶，点小腿处的红绳物体可以把毯子叠起，并发现脚上有密码锁(暂时不开)，点物品栏中的红毯，再点下边的“查看物体”(即"About Item")，可放大，点大图的红毯子得到十字架状物体。百度攻略&口袋巴士提供 1

5、左转，在斜对着蓝门处，（就是那个有窟窿的蓝门，不是一开始的那个门）。点头顶的灯罩，在灯罩上发现“罗”字图片（小红块，仔细点），在墙上发现“ 蜜”字图片（小白块）。 6、左转，在小冰箱里发现“ 波”字图片和一罐啤酒（啤酒先不要拿，因为骷髅要冰冻的）。在旁边的红桶里发现张纸，打开是些黑头发。记住：点装黑头发的纸，然后点击查看物体，放大纸，多点几下纸，然后就可以在红桶底下得到打火机。 7、用钥匙开红笔记本打开，在日记中可以找到女孩的生日，那就是开骷髅脚上的密码。(通常会是在日记的第四页，里面有一句话“The day after tomorrow is her birthday”，这一天的简单写法就是密码。你先看你所翻到的那页日记上是几月几号，再在那个日期后加两天，就是小女孩子的生日，那一天的简写就是密码。（如9月10日，简写就是0910，这就是密码），记下密码。继续翻日记，翻到最后得到一张CD。 8、放大装有头发的纸，点打火机，再点纸，可以烧出东西来，放大药瓶，里面有两粒药，一张写有箴言的纸。放大绿十字，按照箴言的顺序位置和烧出来得数字相对应（形位相同），把字（ 6张图片）填在十字架状物体上（位置随机的），放对会变成个四方体，放下暂不用。 9、在壁橱的第3格，有香炉和磬（旁边红的是槌），把装有CD的CD盒放在香炉后面,把香放香炉左，罐啤放香左（要冰镇的啊，冰一两分钟就可以拿出来了，先把啤酒从冰箱拿出来，点显百度攻略&口袋巴士提供 2

真人密室逃脱指南

现在，非常流行真人密室逃脱的游戏，让你进入密室里面，想尽一切办法逃出来。很多人不明白这个怎么玩，小编今日以自己的经验为你介绍。方法/步骤 1首先，你在网上查一下在你所在的地方，有什么真人的密室。最好去的人比较多，年龄是不受限制的，但是尽量不要带16岁以下的，带去了没用，而且又花费了一张票钱。 2真人密室有很多主题。比如，诅咒；医院；梦游等等。还有很多电影的，比如，生化危机；电锯惊魂；盗墓，都是很火热的主题。所谓，主题，就是说密室里面的道具、背景、风格是哪种。 3选好主题之后。价格方面，其实所以密室都是差不多的价格，除非它的规模很大。价格基本在40到65一人，团购价，如果是选择在网上团购，那么要先打电话预约时间。注意：如果你明天要去，最好是提前半天打电话。这种真人游戏需要预约。 4打电话联系，会定下你们的时间，要求是提前15分钟到她们店里。如果你不选择网上团购，那么就到现场再付费，但是也是需要预约的。因为，真人密室非常受人追捧。而且，每场游戏时间都是一个小时。 5一定要提前去。去了之后，店内都有桌游可以随便玩，有饮料供应。所以也不必担心无聊。去之前最好少带随身物品，女士包包，都要少带。进去之前，工作人员会让你交出手机（有干扰），放在保险箱里。大可放心。 6进去之后，会有纸张写密室的故事背景。进去之后，一定要注意看周围的东西。一般来说，密室里面大多都是机械化的东西，像空调就不用找了，有纸张会提示你们什么东西不用去找。然后你们就要去找东西，也就是线索。手能够得到的地方都去摸一摸。 7但是这个也不是完全凭找东西就可以通关的。要靠线索去联想怎么回事。而且，如果没有用到的东西一定要把它带在身上，很多没用到的下一关就有可能用。工作人员会发给你传呼器，是给你提示用的，你们想不出来，就可以问问他。选择加盟魔魔岛密室逃脱的5大理由理由1：逼真代入感，如侦探小说一般，抽丝剥茧，环环相扣的逻辑，挑战你的IQ与思维。理由2：中型线索类密室最为考验玩家的逻辑推理能力，你不仅要具有当代福尔摩斯般敏锐的观察力和想象力，还要能勇敢的探索和决断。团队配合，将会是您胜出的关键！理由3：体验过PC密室逃脱类游戏的玩家在体会找东西和解密快感的同时，还能体会到真实场景角色扮演的快乐。理由4：各种梦幻场景，给玩家创造一个个惊喜。让玩家体会设计者的用心。理由5：大型主题剧情机关解谜场景相结合，完美结合所有环节，更精致，更专业。

密室逃脱相关完整版

密室逃脱相关

Q1:别人做密室逃脱从大二时，开始接触密室逃脱游戏，到今年寒假一天能玩上三、四次，“既然大家都喜欢，干嘛不自己也开一个呢？”黄皓月介绍，决定开一个“密室逃脱”店，很偶然，也很仓促。5个爱玩密室的女孩当即一拍即合，其中有两个女生已经工作，三个在校生中，黄皓月也即将本科毕业，她还“跨界”选修了金融专业的双学位。三月份，考察江汉路所有密室逃脱店、玩遍40多个主题，敲定店址；四月份，店面装修，自己设计主题、自己安装机关、自己制作装置……； “五一”，新店开张，首日客流量过百，不大的客厅里，挤满了前来“尝鲜”的同龄人。开业的前一天，女孩们都在店里通宵加班，“创业比考研费精力多了，四月份的时候，天天熬夜。”黄皓月告诉记者，开店，比想象中的复杂、琐碎。对于“学霸”的称号，她觉得那是上高中以前的事了，从高二起，一直到现在，她更愿意把自己定义为“学霸班上的玩货”。中考前，黄皓月因成绩优秀，提前保送到当地最好的学校——新洲一中“火箭班”。然而高一的第一次月考，成绩仅排在班上十几名，随后几次月考，更是滑落到二十几名。“我已经很努力了，学习成绩就是上不去。”家长的不理解，老师的不重视，让曾经的“神童公主”的骄傲光环瞬间破碎，从台上最闪亮的“明星”，跌落成台下普通观众，巨大的落差，让她一度“放松”自己，按照自己的意愿学习、生活，成为学霸班上的“另类”。 “其实二十几名已经很好了，至少可以考上武大华科，但那个时候没有人告诉我，我以为自己真的很差。”说到这里的时候，黄皓月的眼中有一丝伤感和落寞，虽然之后成绩时常徘徊在班上倒数几名，但高考总分依然超过一本分数线，考入湖北大学生物科学专业。高中时期的那一段心路历程，对她触动很大，并且让“学霸班上的玩货”这一身份，一直保持到现在。今年，她们班上41名同学中，有三十几个考研，“没有同学相信我会考上，别人在学习的时候，我在玩。”她笑着说，作为前学生会副主席，如果她呆在寝室里安静的看书超过一周，所有人都会奇怪她没有不出去“活动”。 5月9日，小店开张后迎来的第一个双休日，女孩子们正在努力积累经验，希望在暑假旺季到来前，将自己打造成一个“全能女孩”。“我最大的优点，就是没有拖延症。”黄皓月觉得，“把今天做好”才是最重要的，至于最终结果是输是赢，只要自己努力过就好。她笑称，对未来没有明确的计划，如果读博的话，或许会考虑出国吧。 Q2采访5专家，2业主业主1：我是12年4月，5月的时候接触的密室逃脱，当时在武汉的EP逃逸层第一次接触到真人密室逃脱，当时整个武汉就两家，第一次体验了他们家的密室之后，我自己动了心思。6月我在创建了X-space真人密室逃脱。7月装修完开业，总共资金消耗6W不到，所有的谜题设计都是自己想的。那个时候也没什么房型啊，格局啊，什么的，一点纸片信息，一些文字内容，一点点的氛围，就用上房东家的家具，我们开业了。每天发发传单，做做问答，一个月的，收回了全部的成本还有不少的收益。当时也动了心思，想看看其他地方的密室逃脱是怎么做的，下一步，应该怎么发展。永远要记住一点，你的视线永远要看着前方，比你能看到的位置更远的位置，然后收回来看脚下离目标有多远，选好节点，去执行。我们的创业路径上很强调一个词，节点。后面也会不停的提到。