英国政治体制君主立宪制英文介绍(20160420161246)

Political System of UK英语1204章君婷outline1.Constitution2.Monarchy
3.Parliament
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf9968000.html,ernment 5.Political PartiesForm of government Constitutional Monarchy
Head of state MonarchHead of government Prime Minister
Bicameral LegislatureLegislature House of Commons,651 members
House of lords,1100 members
Voting qualifications universal at age 18Constitution unwritten,partly statutes,common law and practice
Highest court House of lordshigh court of justiciaryMonarchy: a king or queen serves as the head of state.Constitutional monarchy: a form of government in wh ich a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution. 1.the power of monarch is limited by the consititution 2.the legal authority is given to the government3.the executive authority to the government4.the sovereignreigns,but does not rule.Contemporary constitutional monarchies include Australia, Belgium,
Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, The
Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Thailand and the United Kingdom.目前世界上的君主立宪制国家有欧洲英国、挪威、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、西班牙、安道尔、摩纳哥、
列支敦士登亚洲日本、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚、尼泊尔非洲毛里求斯美洲加拿大、巴哈马、安提瓜和巴布达、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、圣克里斯多福与尼维斯、
圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、牙买加大洋洲澳大利亚、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、图瓦卢、所罗门群岛
课外知识链接Britain doesn’t have a constitutionwritten down in a single document. The
constitution flows from(出自)6 sources:1) The Royal Prerogatives 2) *Statute Laws 3) *Common Laws
, 4) *Conventions 5) Authoritative Opinions 6) European Union Laws symbol of the whole nationhead of the executive an integral part of the legislature Represents the political
continuity and adaptability head of the judiciary the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces She gives Royal Assent to Bills
passed by parliamentTIP: Hereditary
Now: queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II----
the "supreme
governor" of the Church of England the centre of the political system in the UKthe supreme legislative bodyThe Government is drawn from and answerable to itLegislature(立法机关)Fouctions
2. It provides the means of
carrying on the work of government
by voting for taxation.1. it passes laws.3. It scrutinizes(审查) government policy, administrate and expenditure and debate the major issues of the
day.
consists of:
The House of
commons
The House of LordsThe House of Lords (the Upper House)https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf9968000.html,position : About 1,100 hereditary and life peers 2.The speaker : Appionted by the sovereign on advice of Prime Minister3.The qualification:no parliamentary salary4.Functions: To revise bills from the Ho

use of Commons
as the supreme court of justice and the highest court
appeal for criminal ,civil cases from the lower courtsHear appeals (上诉) in the highest Court of Appeal (最高上诉法院)in Britain1.The Lords Spiritual (神职贵族)2.The Lords Temporal(世俗贵族)b.Life Peers (当世贵族)c.Hereditary Peers (世袭贵族)https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf9968000.html,w Lords (司法议员)The House of commons(the Lower House)https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf9968000.html,position : 651 MPs(Members of parliament)2.The speaker : election by Britian citizens3.Tenure: 5 years 1at least 18years old
4.The qualification: 2no members of the upper house
5.Functions 1) Make laws
2) Control and criticize the executive government3) Control the raising and spending of money House of LordsRed Chamber 红厅House ofcommons Green Chamber 绿厅在地板中央有两排相距2.5米的
红线,传说是为了正好超过两柄剑的长度。历史上此举是为了避免下院的辩论演变为冲突。今天在下院辩发言时两方议员不得超
越该线。若有议员在发言时越过
该线将会遭到对方的斥责。这可能也是英文用语“to toe the line
”循规蹈矩的出处。
有趣的是下院议事厅只有
427个坐位但议员总数却合共651人并不能安置所有议员。因此如果有议员迟到而议事厅
又满座的话那他就只好站在议
事厅的入口处继续参与会议。Frontbencher
Backbencher
scepter
"toe the line”循规蹈矩的出处Prime MinisterMinisters (Heads of all important departments)Treasury 财政部
Ministry of Defense国防Ministry of AgricultureForeign and Commonwealth Office外交联邦部Department of Education and Science
Department of Health and Social Security1.Wins the majority of seats in the House of Commons 2.Head of the government 3. Leader of his party4.He has the right to select his cabinet, hand out departmental positions, decide the
agenda(议事日程) for cabinet meetings which he also chairs. 5.He directs and controls policy for the government. 6.He keeps the Queen informed of government decisions. (weekly meeting with the Queen)b.The Basic Structure of Britain GovernmentMonarch(non-political)Judiciary
(non-political)House of Lords
(semi-political)
Court of
Appeal
House of
Commons
(political)MinistersCivil service
(non-political) Prime Minister
Cabinet
(political)
House of
LordsLegislature---ParliamentExecutive 中文名戴维·威廉·唐纳德·卡梅伦外文名David William Donald Cameron出生日期1966年10月9日出生地英国伦敦毕业院校?国籍大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(the United Kingdom) 职业英国首相信仰:英国国教(Anglicanism)( The Church of England understands
itself to be both Catholic and Reformed).
伊顿公学、牛津大学https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf9968000.html,position :The Prime Minister and 22 Cabinet Ministers usually2.The speaker :

the Foreign Secretary
the Chancellor of the Exchequer(财政大臣) 3.Features: a.The cabinet and its committees work in secrecyb.Cabinet meets weekly at No. 10 Downing Street
c.Appointed by the Queen with the advice of the PM4.Functions: 1) To make final decisions on the policy present to the parliament
2) To exercise the ultimate executive power on the Parliamentary policy
3) To divide and adjust powers among the administrative departmentsThe collective decision-making body(集权机构)The Oppositions have a
‘Shadow Cabinet’:criticize the Government’s policy;expose its weak points;suggest amendments修正案;draw attention to other matters
the Government might otherwise
ignore.The Prime Minister:presides over the Cabinet; informs the Queen at regular
meetings; hold meetingsThe Cabinet and Ministry the Queen:.listen to the report of general business of
the GovernmentCabinet members:responsible for all Cabinet decisions and
the work of their department.The national symbol The king
The upper
HouseThe lower houseThe cabinetappointjudicial powerelectionThe parliamentformally appointed legislative power 
Executive power responsible tocomposepeoplethe noble翻译从1714年以后国王从来没有否决过议会的议案。5.Political Partiesthe Labour Party
-- in powerthe Liberal Democrats
the Conservative Party
-- in oppositionThe CourtLord Chancellor---- the Chief Justicethe High Court of Justice(高等法院)the Privy Council (枢密院Court of Appeal 上诉法院county courts 郡法院
Magistrates’courts治安法院
the Queen’s Bench 皇家法院
the Chancery Division 高级法院
the Family Division家庭法院2015.05.27