Monthly Antitrust Report of Dec 2008
China
Due to the general nature of its contents,
This newsletter is not and should not be regarded as legal advice.
For any questions please contact T&D Associates at:
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Telephone: (8610) 58678228 Facsimile: (8610) 58678227
Table of Contents
Authority (6)
MOFCOM Announces the Scope of Reported Suspected Monopolistic Conducts Subject to Investigation by Anti-Trust Bureau (6)
Changes of MOFC OM?s Practice in the Anti-Trust Scrutiny (6)
Academia (8)
The Latest Trend of Anti-Trust Investigation in China?s IT Industry Discus sed on the 4th China Software & Integrated Circuit Intellectual Property Summit Forum (8)
Cases (9)
Baidu Faces Two Anti-Trust Lawsuits (9)
Beijing Petroleum & Chemical Got Sued by Consumer (10)
Application Got Refused for Administrative Reconsideration against MOFCOM for Breach of Duty during Telecom Restructure (11)
M&A (12)
MOFCOM?s Anti-Trust Review on Coke?-Huiyuan Deal Has Begun (12)
SASAC Advised Enterprises Not to Conduct M&A blindly (13)
GLOBAL ANTITRUST UPDA TES (14)
3 November 2008 (14)
Canada convicts another in fuel case (14)
Lloyds TSB/HBOS gets green light (14)
Gambia launches Competition Commission (14)
Belgium clears TV merger (14)
Copenhagen Economics expands into Sweden (14)
4 November 2008 (15)
DG Comp objects to BHP/Rio Tinto (15)
Google/Yahoo submit new ad deal (15)
South Africa settles soda ash case (15)
DoJ uses Whole Foods to fight beef merger (15)
Spain hires chief economist (15)
DoJ questions AmEx in credit card probe (15)
5 November 2008 (16)
DoJ concerns kill Google/Yahoo deal (16)
Tiger Brands hires enforcement head (16)
DG Comp raids cement companies (16)
Arthur Badin is new CADE chief (16)
OFT hires director from private practice (16)
Italy fines Rome Airport (16)
Textile deal races past Argentine competition authority (17)
6 November 2008 (18)
Lawyers react to Google/Yahoo collapse (18)
Israel convicts former CEO (18)
ADM may win fine reduction (18)
DoJ granted discovery schedule in beef merger challenge (18)
FTC shoots down Part III time extension request (18)
7 November 2008 (19)
Barnett resigns from DoJ (19)
Vitamin C lawsuit will go ahead (19)
Germany bars lock merger (19)
Cheese industry investigation matures (19)
Spain investigates dental association (19)
US agencies release HSR report (19)
Article 82 book shortlisted for prize (20)
10 November 2008 (21)
Hausfeld expelled from firm he co-founded (21)
US reacts to Barnett resignation (21)
Vitamin C lawsuit could affect US-China relations (21)
Spanish energy tie-up goes to phase II (21)
Russia clears ONGC/Imperial deal (21)
Belgium clears broadband merger (21)
11 November 2008 (22)
Two found not guilty in marine hose case (22)
Tesco appeals competition test (22)
Bookies cleared of collective boycott (22)
Canada charges construction companies (22)
Cleary promotes three in Europe (22)
IBM gets green light for software deal (22)
Spain scrutinises women's fashion (23)
12 November 2008 (24)
DG Comp glass cartel fine crushes record (24)
Chinese web company accused of dominance (24)
ECJ hears Greek state aid case (24)
Ex-CADE president moves to LECG (24)
DG Comp looking into web-based phone calls (24)
13 November 2008 (25)
LCD companies get bumper US fine (25)
SDE raids waste collectors (25)
UK releases draft insurance remedies (25)
South Africa appoints deputy commissioner (25)
Remedies revision to address DG Comp failures (25)
Freeman suggests UK merger control shift (25)
14 November 2008 (26)
Court shrinks sentences of marine hose three (26)
Barnett replacement announced (26)
ABA debates antitrust under Obama (26)
DG Comp raids biomedical corporations (26)
Bingham hires three from Clifford Chance (26)
América Móvil's Mexican dominance slammed (26)
McDermott promotes in New York (26)
17 November 2008 (28)
Bankrupt Enron Coal launches CAT claim (28)
Brewing merger gets US green light (28)
Glassmakers react to record fines (28)
Poland loses interchange appeal (28)
OFT clears travel brochure tie-up (28)
18 November 2008 (29)
China puts conditions on InBev deal (29)
OFT ends five-year dominance hiatus (29)
Lion Nathan in Coca-Cola Amatil bid (29)
US executive guilty of bid rigging (29)
German banks get merger go-ahead (29)
WilmerHale opens in Frankfurt (29)
19 November 2008 (30)
OFT - Collins re-appointed, Pritchard leaves (30)
Third parties join football licensing dispute (30)
South Africa dairy appeal quashed (30)
New Zealand settles elevator case (30)
Spain targets haulage companies (30)
Oxera bolsters competition practice (30)
20 November 2008 (31)
Judge dismisses Apple lawsuit (31)
Frontier opens in Madrid (31)
Vesterdorf joins Herbert Smith (31)
OFT refers software tie-up (31)
DG Comp may delay BHP/Rio Tinto decision (31)
Latham boosts San Francisco practice (31)
21 November 2008 (32)
ECJ rules on beef agreement (32)
ACCC blocks airline alliance (32)
Brazil raids revolving door companies (32)
Harold Baker: 1921 - 2008 (32)
FTC releases performance report (32)
Supporters take on Manchester United (32)
24 November 2008 (33)
DoJ releases revised amnesty letter (33)
Whole Foods en banc petition denied (33)
Kroes puts the brakes on car industry aid (33)
AAI granted oral argument in LinkLine (33)
Canada fines Akzo Nobel (33)
Abbott settles Tricor suit (33)
Sweden fines securities depository (34)
25 November 2008 (35)
FTC takes Rambus to Supreme Court (35)
BHP drops Rio Tinto acquisition (35)
Brazil banks file landmark merger (35)
ACCC releases new merger guidelines (35)
OFT considers health-care remedies (35)
Switzerland probes watchmaker (35)
26 November 2008 (36)
DG Comp clears rail cargo merger (36)
Spain publishes fining guidelines (36)
UK releases new merger remedy guidelines (36)
DG Comp raids pharma companies in new probe (36)
DoJ launches new packaged ice investigation (36)
FTC sues to block auto repair merger (36)
27 November 2008 (37)
DG Comp accepts E.ON unbundling (37)
Hausfeld remains counsel on air cargo case (37)
Canada releases drug report (37)
Greece fines oil companies (37)
Intel fires back at DG Comp (37)
28 November 2008 (38)
DG Comp slams pharma sector (38)
Germany drops RWE probe (38)
UK commission turns 60 (38)
Virgin campaigns against BA/AA (38)
New Zealand revises merger guidelines (38)
Italy adopts electronic merger filing (38)
1 December 2008 (39)
DG Comp faces car industry challenge (39)
Businessmen challenge Lloyds/HBOS (39)
FTC approves Chicago Bridge divestitures (39)
UK economist launches Mauritian authority (39)
Mayer Brown promotes in DC (39)
Vietnam investigates insurers (39)
2 December 2008 (40)
Mofcom reviews Coca-Cola/Huiyuan (40)
France awaits ruling on banking aid (40)
Australia gears up for criminal sanctions (40)
DoJ secures another marine hose guilty plea (40)
Schoenherr expands in Europe (40)
Johnson & Johnson expands cosmetic surgery business (40)
3 December 2008 (41)
Lowe's replacement named (41)
Himes joins New York litigation firm (41)
Competition Commission bounces 'Project Kangaroo' (41)
Gleiss Lutz promotes in Stuttgart (41)
DG Comp issues article 82 guidance (41)
BA in merger talks with Qantas (41)
4 December 2008 (42)
DG Comp clears Benelux aid to Fortis (42)
Republic/Allied forced to sell assets (42)
Court confirms prohibition of Axel Springer/ProSieben (42)
SFO loses price-fixing fight (42)
Bulgaria launches new competition law (42)
Italy closes rail transport probe (42)
5 December 2008 (43)
US coalition blasts minimum-pricing policies (43)
Japanese oil companies to merge (43)
France hits oil cartel (43)
Norway blocks SMS merger (43)
DG Comp asks for horizontal agreement input (43)
Coscelli joins Ofcom (43)
Authority
MOFCOM Announces the Scope of Reported Suspected Monopolistic Conducts Subject to Investigation by Anti-Trust Bureau
On November 3, the Ministry of Commerce of People?s Republic of China (“MOFCOM”) published a Notice on its website, announcing the scope of reported suspected monopolistic conducts subject to investigation by Anti-Trust Bureau under the MOFCOM.
According to Article 38 of the Anti-Monopoly Law (“AML”), any entity or individual is entitled to report the suspected monopolistic conducts to Anti-Monopoly Authorities. Pursuant to relevant regulation in Article 10 of AML, the Stated Council assigned MOFCOM to conduct anti-monopoly examination on concentration of undertaking. Pursuant to relevant regulation in Article 32 of Foreign Trade Law, MOFCOM is also in charge of investigation and supervision of monopolistic conducts that jeopardize foreign trade order. In conclusion, MOFCOM is in charge of accepting two kinds of reported suspected monopolistic conducts as following:
1.Reporting on concentration of undertakings which is in violation of AML or other
Anti-Monopoly laws, regulations and rulings; and
2.Reporting on suspected monopolistic conducts which were conducted in foreign trade
and jeopardize foreign trade order.
Changes of MOFCOM’s Practice in the Anti-Trust Scrutiny
On November 18, 2008, the MOFCOM Published Notice No. 95, announcing that the acquisition of ANHEUSER-BUSCH COMPANIES INC. by INBEV N.V. /S.A. had been conditionally approved by MOFCOM. Such information released from MOFCOM has reflected noticeable changes of practice in the antitrust scrutiny.
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Change 1：Significance of Issuing Receipt
In the past, MOFCOM would not issue the receipt before it felt satisfied with the completeness of the filing information, but once the receipt was issued, the 30-day waiting period started; while in the new practice, issuance of the receipt is only to prove that it has received the basically complete materials. The clock starts ticking only when MOFCOM accepts sufficiency of the submitted information and the filing undertaking is so notified. Before the waiting period starts, supplemental submission may be asked for at any moment. The initiation notice to the filling undertaking can be in writing or oral form, depending on the significance of the case.
Change 2: Types of Anti-Trust Review Results
An antitrust review by MOFCOM in the past would result in an unconditional clearance, or a factual prohibition, absolutely to the contrary. New antitrust review may come to any of the three determinations: unconditional approval, conditioned approval and prohibition. A vast majority of the transactions will be approved without any precondition, a few of them will be approved with conditions, and very few will be prohibited.
The conditioned approval can take three forms: the first one is“structural remedy”, by which the acquiring party in the M&A must divest certain assets, the second one is “behavioral remedy”, by which undertaking to the concentration is prohibited from certain conducts which are likely to eliminate or impede competition, and the third one is a mix of structural and behavioral remedies that not only forces a divesture of assets, but also imposes restrictions on undertaking’s post-M&A conducts.
Change 3: Whether to Publish Decisions
This public notice by MOFCOM doesn?t mean that all decisions on concentration will be announced; according to Article 30 of the AML, MOFCOM is required by law only to publish those decisions to prohibit concentrations or decisions to attach restrictive conditions to concentrations (in this case).
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Academia
The Latest Trend of Anti-T rust Investigation in China’s IT Industry Discussed on the 4th China Software & Integrated Circuit Intellectual Property Summit Forum
On November 13 and 14, 2008, “IP China 2008-the 4th China Software & Integrated Circuit Intellectual Property Summit Forum” was held by Ministry of Information Industry Software and Integrated Circuit Promotion Center (“CSIP”) in Hotel Nikko New Century Beijing. A great number of government officials from Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (“MII T”), the State Intellectual Property Office (“SIPO”), the People's Government of Haidian District of Beijing, etc., scholars from well-known Universities; senior officials from multi-national companies and local companies; attorneys from foreign and Chinese law firms participated in this Forum.
The theme of the two-day Forum is “Focusing on IPR Frontier Development and Promoting IT Industry Innovation”. The first day consisted of several training courses provided for the attendees. The second day consisted of a variety of keynote speeches and three forum sections: 1. the frontier issues of software and intellectual property; 2. the latest trend of intellectual property issues in standard, and 3. the impact of the implementation of Anti-trust Law on the i nnovation of China?s IT Industry.
During the third forum section which was held by Prof. Hang Yong from University of International Business and Economics (“UIBE”), Mr. Dong Zhengwei, a lawyer of Zhongyin Law Firm, delivered a speech on The Latest Trend of Anti-trust Investigation in China’s IT Industry, referring to Microsoft “Screen Blackout Event” and in the meantime expressing his opinion concerning the enforcement of China AML. In addition, Prof. Wang Xiaoye from Institution of Law of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Mr. Ning Xuanwu, partner of King & Wood Law Firm, also made speeches.
In the subsequent Discussion Course of this forum section, Prof. Huang Yong questioned Mr. Dong how to consider the global pricing conduct of Microsoft. Mr. Dong was of the opinion that given the large income gap between China and EU or the US, the price in China should be much lower correspondingly. Meanwhile, it constituted unfair price conduct that the price offered to government is different than that to common users. While Prof. Huang Xiaoye took a more prudent attitude towards Mr. Dong?s reply in that Article 17(1) of the AML would be seldom used in the future for some reasons.
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Cases
Baidu Faces Two Anti-Trust Lawsuits
It was reported on November 13 that an information company in Tangshan, Hebei province, filed a case against the website ranking service offered by Baidu, the leading Chinese language search engine. Baidu is accused of removing websites off its search engine at its own will. The company requested the State Administration of Industry and Commerce (“SAIC”) to investigate into Baidu's abuse of its monopoly position in the market.
Later on December 2, Li Changqing, a lawyer from George Wu & Partners Law Firm, said he will launch an anti-monopoly lawsuit against Baidu by the end of December. He said Baidu, which holds about 70 percent of China's search engine market, has abusively used its dominant position by blocking websites that refused to pay for listings in its search results.
"We are not against Baidu's current business model or its dominant position," said Li. "We are against its act to use the position to kick out other websites."
Baidu has an unparalleled position in China's search engine market. According to a latest survey, Baidu has 60.9 percent market shares in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, while Google, Sogou, and Yahoo occupy 27 percent, 3.1 percent and 2.4 percent respectively.
Due to Baidu's wide market coverage, its website ranking service has become an important type of online marketing for many domestic companies. But the positions between the supplier of this service and the users are unequal. Baidu has decided everything about this service including the bidding methods and the down payments while the users have little room to negotiate with Baidu. Once disputes arise, Baidu can use its technologies to screen these users on the Internet, causing additional costs for users.
The abuses of market monopoly should be subject to the punishment of the law. However, the Internet industry is different from traditional industries in terms of the standards for judging whether an anti-monopoly case can be validated. The newly born AML has yet to include the terms on Internet malpractices.
It is noted that the legal restraint can of course fuel hopes for those who are hurt by the monopolistic behaviors, but preventative regulations and timely intervention seem to have better effects than laws.
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Government departments concerned can organize talks between Baidu and users of Baidu's much- criticized website ranking service in an equal manner, clarifying the rights and responsibilities of either side. Meanwhile, the regulators should investigate into the rumored screening of Sanlu's milk power news by Baidu, revealing the truth to the public.
The first ever litigation against Internet monopoly shows that the awareness of protecting users' rights is on the rise, which not only helps improve the AML, but also reminds the government of the necessity of putting a preventative check on those new technologies. Beijing Petroleum & Chemical Got Sued by Consumer
On December 3, 2008, Mr. Li Fangping, a citizen in Beijing, filed a lawsuit against Beijing Branch of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (“Beijing Petroleum & Chemical”), claiming that Beijing Petroleum & Chemical had violated the AML and asking for a compensation for RMB 13, as the “unfairly increased”8% of No. 93 Gasoline with a total value of RMB181 bought by Mr. Li.
According to Mr. Li, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation is an “undertaking with a dominant market position” referred to in the AML and violated Article 17 of the AML:“undertakings with dominant market positions are prohibited from selling commodities on unfairly high prices”. Pursuant to Article 50 of the AML:” Undertakings that violate the provisions of this law and cause damage to others shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law”.
Mr. Li said on October 2008, Beijing Development and Reform Commission has published adjusted product oil price, among which the price for No. 93 Gasoline was RMB 5.90/L. Beijing Petroleum & Chemical increased the price by 8% to RMB 6.37/L. However, the increase or decrease for no more than 8% is consistent with regulations made by the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”).
Mr. Li felt angry at the high price of Beijing Petroleum & Chemical. He firstly filed a complaint at Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People?s Court but was told to bring this accusation at Haidian District People?s Court of Beijing (“Haidian District Court”). Haidian District Court has received relevant materials from Mr. Li. The decision on whether to accept the complaint will be made in 7 days.
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Application Got Refused for Administrative Reconsideration against MOFCOM for Breach of Duty during Telecom Restructure
In early December, the Department of Treaty and Law under the MOFCOM delivered a response of administrative reconsideration made by Anti-Monopoly Bureau to Mr. Dong Zhengwei.
Previously on August 1, the day that the AML came into effect, Mr. Dong Zhengwei submitted Petition for Protection of Citizens’ Property Rights and Interests. In the petition, Dong asked the MOFCOM to conduct anti-trust review on concentration of telecom undertakings. However, MOFCOM did not give relevant comments in its reply to Dong on August 21. Later on October 6, Mr. Dong Zhengwei submitted application for administrative reconsideration against MOFCOM for its breach of duty during the process of telecom restructure.
In the response of administrative reconsideration to Dong made in December, the Anti-Monopoly Bureau said that due to lack of facts and evidence, this application for administration reconsideration was officially refused.
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M&A
MOFCOM’s Anti-Trust Review on Coke’-Huiyuan Deal Has Begun
On December 5, 2008, the Anti-monopoly Bureau under the MOFCOM said that the files of Coke-Huiyuan juice deal required for anti-trust review was not complete until November 19, after which the review began.
The application was filed by Coca-Cola to the MOFCOM in September, but the material was not up to requirement set out by the AML, Shang Ming, Director of the Anti-Monopoly Bureau said. Coca-Cola submitted additional material respectively in September and October. Previously on November 6, the MOFCOM published announcement that the review on Coki-Huiyuan deal had not begun yet. Later on November 19, Coca submitted the latest materials. By then it had provided complete information required by law, according to Shang Ming.
In a joint statement to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on December 2, the two companies said the MOFCOM review will continue until March 23, 2009, the expiration date for the 200-day time frame for obtaining the approval that was originally agreed upon. Coca-Cola will make further announcements after the anti-trust review.
Coca-Cola said on early December that it would not revise its offer for China Huiyuan Juice Group Ltd despite the weak equities market.
The offer has received support from more than 60 percent of Huiyuan's shareholders.
Coca-Cola said on September 3 it had offered to buy Huiyuan, the nation's largest juice maker, for HK$17.92 billion ($2.31 billion) in cash. The bid was HK$12.2 per share, tripling the Beijing-based company's closing price of HK$4.14 on September 2.
The acquisition was considered to be a major opportunity for the soft drink giant to expand its non-carbonated drinks market in China, as the sales of carbonated drinks slowed.
The offer triggered controversy as Chinese juice producers and consumers expressed concern about possible monopoly power and a renowned domestic brand becoming foreign owned.
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SASAC Advised Enterprises Not to Conduct M&A blindly On November 11, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (“SASAC”) held an emergency video conference focused on economic analysis, attended by many state-owned enterprises.
Mr. Li Rongrong, Director of SASAC, said that under influence from financial crisis, domestic enterprises were losing more and more profit, which resulted in growing loss-making enterprises. “This is the most emergency the SASAC ever confronted with since established five years ago,” said Mr. Li.
Besides, Mr. Li also stressed the principle “Cash Is King”. As for current policy, he said that enterprises should speed up the recovery of accounts receivable, to strengthen cash flow management and the effective consolidation of capital chain. At the same time he stressed that "Enterprises should not blindly conduct acquisition without a good pick. Maybe there are many companies worthy of acquisition this year, but there will be more next year.”
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GLOBAL ANTITRUST UPDATES
3 November 2008
Canada convicts another in fuel case
A third individual has pleaded guilty to his role in a retail fuel cartel, following an investigation by Canada's Competition Bureau.
Lloyds TSB/HBOS gets green light
The UK government has approved the proposed merger between UK banks Lloyds TSB and HBOS, even though the country's Office of Fair Trading identified competition concerns with the deal.
Gambia launches Competition Commission
Gambia's secretary of state for trade, industry and employment has inaugurated the country's Competition Commission, one year after the enactment of Gambia's Competition Act.
Belgium clears TV merger
Belgium's Competition Council has approved cable operator Tecteo's acquisition of BeTV, subject to conditions.
Copenhagen Economics expands into Sweden
Economics consultancy Copenhagen Economics is opening a new office in Stockholm.
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4 November 2008
DG Comp objects to BHP/Rio Tinto
BHP Billiton, the largest mining company in Europe, says that it has received a statement of objections from the European Commission challenging its attempted takeover of rival Rio Tinto.
Google/Yahoo submit new ad deal
Yahoo and Google have scaled back their search advertising deal in a final push to secure US antitrust clearance.
South Africa settles soda ash case
The American Natural Soda Ash Corporation (ANSAC) has agreed to pay 9.7 million rand to settle a nine-year antitrust dispute with South Africa's Competition Commission. DoJ uses Whole Foods to fight beef merger
A controversial ruling allowing the US Federal Trade Commission to continue its challenge of the Whole Foods/Wild Oats merger may pay dividends for the Department of Justice's antitrust division in its fight against a beef industry tie-up.
Spain hires chief economist
Spain's National Competition Commission has hired Juan Delgado Urdanibia as its first-ever chief economist.
DoJ questions AmEx in credit card probe
US financial services company American Express has admitted receiving a Department of Justice subpoena as part of an investigation of the credit card industry.
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5 November 2008
DoJ concerns kill Google/Yahoo deal
Internet search company Google has today scrapped its proposed ad-sharing deal with rival Yahoo in the face of a protracted struggle over antitrust concerns raised by the US Department of Justice.
Tiger Brands hires enforcement head
Thulani Kunune, the former head of enforcement at South Africa's Competition Commission, has accepted a job with Tiger Brands - a company that has recently been under fire for anti-competitive offences.
DG Comp raids cement companies
The European Commission has conducted dawn raids on at least five cement companies around Europe.
Arthur Badin is new CADE chief
Arthur Badin has been voted the new president of Brazil's Council for Economic Defence, CADE.
OFT hires director from private practice
The UK's Office of Fair Trading has appointed Nerilee Telford as director for markets and projects in its goods division.
Italy fines Rome Airport
Italy's Antitrust Authority has fined Rome Airport €1.67 million for abusing its dominant position.
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Textile deal races past Argentine competition authority Argentina's National Commission for the Defence of Competition has cleared with conditions the acquisition of a local textile company by a Brazilian rival, even though the companies together control 45 per cent of some market sectors.
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6 November 2008
Lawyers react to Google/Yahoo collapse
Differing opinions have been voiced in the US over Google?s decision yesterday to abandon its search advertising deal with rival Yahoo in the face of US Department of Justice antitrust concerns.
Israel convicts former CEO
Reuven Sholshtein, former chief executive of Israeli paint manufacturer Tambour, has been convicted of cartel offences.
ADM may win fine reduction
US-based cereal co nglomerate Archer Daniels Midland should have its €36.7 million price-fixing fine reduced to €29.4 million, according to a legal opinion delivered to the European Court of Justice today.
DoJ granted discovery schedule in beef merger challenge
A US distri ct court judge has denied beef packer JBS?s request for an expedited discovery schedule in the Department of Justice?s challenge of its proposed merger with rival National Beef.
FTC shoots down Part III time extension request
The US Federal Trade Commission has denied a request to extend the comment period for a rules change that would permanently shorten the schedule of its in-house trials.
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7 November 2008
Barnett resigns from DoJ
Thomas Barnett, assistant attorney general in charge of the US Depart ment of Justice?s antitrust division, has resigned. He will leave the DoJ on 19 November.
Vitamin C lawsuit will go ahead
The Chinese government has intervened in a US antitrust case to argue that state-mandated price fixing in the country?s vitamin C in dustry should not open the door to Chinese vitamin companies becoming the targets of antitrust suits.
Germany bars lock merger
Germany's Federal Cartel Office has stopped lockmaker Assa Abloy's acquisition of SimonsVoss.
Cheese industry investigation matures
The UK's Competition Commission has outlined the issues it will examine when investigating a potentially anti-competitive merger in the country's cheese and dairy industry.
Spain investigates dental association
Spain's National Competition Commission is investigating a private dental association, ADESA, for allegedly requiring members to fix the price of private dental treatment. US agencies release HSR report
Merger enforcement in the US was a mixed bag last fiscal year, with US agencies reviewing more transactions but challenging a similar or, in the case of the DoJ, lower percentage of the deals, according to a report released yesterday.
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现在分词主动式与被动式用法对比
现在分词主动式与被动式用法对比 一、现在分词的主动式 现在分词的主动式表明它与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系。如：Nodding, I went to get my purse. 我点了点头就去拿钱包。 Hearing the news, she broke into tears. 听到这个消息，她就哭了起来。 Walking on tiptoe, I approached the little window. 我踮着脚，走近那个小窗户。 Considering everything, it wasn’t a bad holiday. 考虑到各种情况，这次假期过得不错。 Taking everything into consideration, they ought to ge t another chance. 考虑到各种因素，应该再给他们一次机会。 Writing hurriedly as she was, sh e didn’t notice the sp elling errors. 因为写得仓促，她没有注意其中的拼写错误。 同样，现在分词主动式的完成式也表示它与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，但动作的完成时间要先于谓语动词。如： Having bought the house, they couldn’t afford to fur nish it. 买了房子之后，他们没钱配家具。 Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to ha ve dinner. 在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。
Having increased our manufacturing facilities, we are advertising to obtain more users. 增加了生产设备以后，我们做广告争取更多的用户。 Having compared the new dictionary with [to, and] th e old one, he found the new one more helpful. 将新旧词典比较之后，他发现新词典更有用。 Having noted down our names and addresses, the poli ceman dismissed us. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。 二、现在分词的被动式 现在分词的被动式表明它与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。如：Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 给了她这个机会，她立刻抓住。 Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。 Being written in haste, the composition is full of mista kes. 这篇文章仓促写成，故错误百出。 Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有一堵墙保护，他感到很安全。 同样，现在分词被动式的完成式也表示它与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，但动作的完成时间要先于谓语动词。如： Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valu ables at home. 听到关于强盗出没的警告，他把贵重物品都留在家里了。
现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析
现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 【例如】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 【例如】 Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (We don't have enough hands). Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995,6) A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed 本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
现在分词
现在分词 一、现在分词的定义 现在分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。现在分词和宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 二、现在分词的基本形式 现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。现在分词有一般式和完成式，及物动词的现在分词有 注意：现在分词的否定形式：not放在分词的前面，构成“not + 分词”结构。 三、现在分词的句法功能 现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语和状语。 1. 作定语 a burning candle 一只燃烧的蜡烛 a moving report 一场动人的报告 the teacher teaching physics 教物理的老师 注意：（1）单个的现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面；现在分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面。 This is a very interesting book. The girl standing there is our English teacher. (2 ) 及物动词的现在分词一般含有主动的意义。不及物动词作谓语没有被动语态，其现在分词通常不表示主动的概念，而是强调动作正在进行. The boy standing under the tree is a classmate of mine. = The boy who is standing under the tree is a classmate of mine. The girl playing the piano every day teaches himself English. =The girl who plays the piano every day teaches himself English. (3) 现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。另外，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的： Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (应改为who has come from Beijing) Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished) The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. (应改为who gave us) (4) 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示，如： Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.) His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (应改为who is) 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时，多表示主语所具有的特征。一般接在连系动词be﹑get﹑become﹑ look﹑sound﹑feel﹑keep﹑remain﹑seem﹑appear等后面。 The story sounds moving. The question is puzzling.这个问题不好解答。 现在分词作表语，常见的有：interesting, moving, disappointing, encouraging, exciting, frightening, pleasing, puzzling, surprising, tiring，amazing, boring, discouraging等。
现在分词被动式与过去分词的区别
现在分词被动式与过去分词的区别 过去分词和现在分词的被动式都表示被动意义，那么在实际使用中怎样才能准确而迅速地确定用哪一种表达式呢？本文就这个问题用比较法谈谈几点看法。 分词的三种被动形式是： A：过去分词done B：现在分词被动语态一般式being done C：现在分词被动语态完成式having been done 过去分词表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作完成。现在分词被动语态一般式表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行。现在分词被动语态完成式表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作已在谓语动词的动作之前发生或完成。 三者的共同点都是表示被动，而不同点是时间内含不同；过去分词的时间指的是自身动作已完成，不与谓语动词动作的时间相比孰前孰后，而现在分词被动一般式的时间指的是分词的动和正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行。现在分词被动完成式的时间则强调动作已在谓语动词的动作之前发生或完成。很明显，后两者都是以谓语动词的动作时间为参照物，在着它们与谓语动词动作的孰前孰后的问题。上述时间上的差异正是我们用以下判断解题的关键。以下分析几个实例： 一、用过去分词。 这是去年引进的一条先进的生产线。 This is an advanced production line introduced last year. 如果加热水就会汽化。 If heated, water is changed into vapour. 上两句中的introduced，heated都是指动作是被动的，与谓语动词不在时间上比较。 因此可以说我们只强调动作的被动性而不侧重于分词动作与谓语动词之动作的时间关系的话，就用过去分词。 Led by the Party, the Chinese people stood up in 1949 and have been marching from victory to victory. 本句中led就只强调被动，与时间无关。 Educated by the teachers, all the boys and girls have learned a lot these years. 本句中的educated的时间性显然是淡化了，而着力于“教育”这个动作。 二、用现在分词被动语态一般式。 正在建设中的电力工程将会在今后的工农业生产中发挥重要作用。 The power project being constructed now will play an important part in agriculture and industry in the future.(being constructed强调被动动作正在进行，因此带了时间概念很强的状语now。) 现在大会上讨论的问题与人人密切相关。 The question being discussed here is closely connected with everyone. （此句中的being discussed这个正在进行的被动动作的时间性是通过here来突出的。） 三、用现在分词被动语态完成式。 客人们参观完了实验室后又被带去看图书馆。 Having been shown around the lab, the guests were taken to see the library. 句中having been shown意在强调它发生于谓语动词were taken之前。 同样，下一句“文件打好了以后就发出去了。”只能译成：Having been typed, the papers were sent out.若译成“Being typed, the papers were sent out”就意味着“边打边发”；若译成“Typed, the papers were sent out”又意味着“凡是打好文件，它们就被发出去。”都背离了愿意。
现在分词的几种详细用法 (10)
现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。 Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。The story is moving. （三）现分在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。 While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging. （五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. （六）现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one. （七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。 Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. 过去分词的用法 一．1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成. (1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. (2) He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. (3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 过去分词作表语 【注意】过分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class. Missing the bus, she was late for the class. 2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. 一、现在分词 （一）现在分词的定义： 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。 （二）现在分词的功能与用法： 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is running an old man standing there →an old man who is standing there 例如： The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at 2）使役动词：have get make 注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。 eg. I saw Thomas playing computer games. Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语，究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是－ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用－ed形式。这类词常见的有： interesting 使人感到高兴— interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的
ing的被动语态用法
ing的被动语态用法 下面是为你整理的ing的被动语态，希望大家喜欢!ing的被动语态动词ing的被动语态也叫进行时态的被动语态，它的结构是：助动词be +being +及物动词的过去分词。 如The bridge is being built by the workers now .工人们正在建一座桥。 The trees are being cut by them .他们正在砍树。 The wall is being painted by us .我们正在涂墙壁。 动名词的被动形式 1.当动名词的逻辑主语是这个动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式。 Being exposed to the nuclear radiation for long will do great harm to one’s health. 长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人体健康造成很大的伤害。 The girl was annoyed by being left alone.让她一个人待着，这个女孩很恼火。 2.句法作用(1)作主语Being killed by sharks at that time was a common occurrence. 那是被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。 Missing the target again made the coach annoyed.又脱靶了，这使得教练很恼火。 (2)作宾语V.-ing 的被动形式既可以作及物动词的宾语，又可以作介词的宾语。 I appreciate having been given the chance to achieve my target.我很
现在分词的被动式_一般现在时 英语语法.doc
现在分词的被动式_一般现在时 一、概念理解 现在分词的被动式可根据英语被动语态推出将被动语态be+过去分词中的助动词be改为现在分词being即可，即改为being+过去分词，如being taken, being given, being found, being studied等。 二、用法说明 当我们要表示一个被动动作时，现在分词就用被动形式。该结构主要用于表示正在进行的被动动作。从意义上看，现在分词的被动式具备现在进行时和被动语态两个特点，即既具有进行的意味，同时又具有被动意味。如： The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。 句中用作定语的being repaired有两层意思：一是指图书馆正在修建，二是指图书馆是被修建，而不是自动地自己建。 I saw the man being taken away by the police. 我看到那个人正被警察带走。 句中的being taken away也有两层意思：一是指当时警察带走那个人一事正在发生，二是指那个人是被警察带走的，而不是自己走的。 三、现在分词的完成被动式 由于现在分词有一般式和完成式两种形式，如taking为一般式，
having taken为完成式。我们上面讲的现在分词的被动式being+过去分词其实是现在分词一般式的被动式，所以这里我们再来看看现在分词完成式的被动式，该用法尽管不是很常见，但了解它还是有用的。 现在分词完成的被动式由having been+过去分词构成，它主要有两层意思：一方面它是完成式，它表示的动词通常应先于谓语动作而发生；另一方面，它又是被动式，它具有被动意味，它表明相应的逻辑主语与它是被动关系。如： Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave. 既然要我留下，我就不好走了。 句中的having been asked to stay有两层意思：一是要我留下在先，我不好离开在后，这是使用现在分词完成式的原因；二是我与要求之间为被动关系，即我是被要求留下的，而不是我自动留下的，这说明这里应该用被动式。 Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. 邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来，不然就不给我们送信了。 句中的having been bitten twice也有两层意思：一是邮递员被狗咬在先，他要求把狗拴起来在后，有明显的先后关系，所以要用完成式；二是由于邮递员与狗咬之间为被动关系，即邮递员被狗咬了，故要用被动式。
动词ing的被动语态
动词ing形式的被动结构 动词ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。 一、动名词的被动语态 1．当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。 He can't stand being laughed at. 他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。 So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。 2．动名词的主动形式表被动含义 (1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。 The radio needs repairing. ＝The radio needs to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。 (2)be worth后常跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。 The book is worth reading again. ＝The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。 My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了 The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提一下 二、现在分词的被动语态 其构成为being/having been＋过去分词。 如果现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。 The building being built is our library. 正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。 Having been given the good chance，how could I give it up？既然给了这么好的机会，我又怎么能放弃？ 注意：当分词所表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生或正在进行，则用being＋过去分词；当分词所表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生则用having been＋过去分词。 (1)作定语 That building being repaired is our library.正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆 He asked who was the man being operated on.他问这时动手术的人是谁 (2)构成复合结构 You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题 He often watched the boated being unloaded. 他常常看轮船卸货 (3)作状语 Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse. 有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝 Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全 有时还有完成被动形式： Having been given such a good chance, how could se let it slip away? 人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？ The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决议既已做出，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了 【链接训练】 1.________，we were taken to see the library. A．We had been shown around the classrooms B．Being shown around the classrooms C．Having been shown around the classrooms D．Having shown around the classrooms 2.________ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A．Having caught B．Being caught C．Caught D．Having been caught 3.Wild animals ________ and killed at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A．hunt B．are hunting C．are being hunted D．had been hunted 4.What worried me most was ________ to go abroad alone.
现在分词 和 过去分词 用法
现在分词和过去分词用法 动名词的用法 动名词由动词+ ing 构成，它和现在分词同形，而具有某些动词的特点。又在句中起名词能起的作用，因此叫做动名词。 动名词的否定形式not + 动名词 Would you mind not smoking? 动名词的完成式have + 过去分词 She regretted having missed the film. 她很遗憾没看到这部电影。 I remember having visited this place before. 我记得以前曾来过这个地方。 动名词的被动式是being + 过去分词 I remember being taken to beijing when I was a child. He came in without being asked. 他没有被请就进来了。 The boy was afraid of being scolded. 这孩子怕受到责骂。 I heard the noise of desks being opened and closed. 我听见书桌被欣开和合上的声音。 动名词与物主代词连用 I don't like your being late. Your going there won't help much. 你去那里帮助不大。 Do you mind my opening the window? 我开窗，你没意见吧？ remember 后面的动名词用法 I shall always remember meeting you for the first time. 记得已经做了某事。（做过了） 如果remember 后面是不定式： Remember to go to the post office. 记得要做某事。（还没做） Stop后面的动名词用法 I must stop smoking. 表示停下正在做的事。 如果Stop后面是不定式： I stopped to smoke for a while. 表示中断手头的事以便做另外一事。
被动语态和分词的用法
（手动输入）被动语态用法 一．语态的种类 在英语中，语态是动词的一种表现形式，说明主谓之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示的是主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。Many people speak English. (许多人讲英语。) English is spoken by many people.（英语被许多人讲。） 这里的many people是speak的执行者，而English是speak的承受者 如果我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者需要强调动作的承受者时，就必须用被动语态。二．.被动语态 （一）被动语态的构成 被动语态是由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 表现出来的。 1. 原形: be +及物动词的过去分词 2.一般现在时is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词 Football is played all over the world. 足球运动遍及全球 3.一般过去时was /were+及物动词的过去分词 This bike is bought yesterdy. 这辆自行车是昨天买的。 4.一般将来时will/shall + be +及物动词的过去分词 The class meeting will be held tomorrow. 班会将明天开。 5.现在进行时is/am/are +being+及物动词的过去分词 Our teaching building is being built now. 我们的教学楼现在正在兴建中。 6.过去进行时was/were +being+及物动词的过去分词 The car wasn’t being repaired by me then. 那时这辆小汽车不是我修的。 7.现在完成时have /has +been+及物动词的过去分词 The work has been finished by them . 这项工作已经被他们做完了。 8.过去完成时had + been +及物动词的过去分词 The bridge had been built by the end of 1980. 这座桥在1980年年底前已经被修好了9.过去将来时would/should+ be +及物动词的过去分词 He said the meeting would be held the next day. 10.情态动词被动语态can/may/must/should+ be +及物动词的过去分词 The trees should be watered often . 应当经常给树骄浇水。 Your homewok must be handed in after class. 下课后必须交家庭作业本。 （二）被动语态基本用法 1．不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时，通常用被动语态。 Jim’s mother is saved yesterday.昨天吉姆的母亲得救了。
16种时态的被动语态
时态语态 时态名称的“字眼组合”记忆法：4×4=16 时间：现在，过去，将来，过去将来 形态：一般，进行，完成，完成进行 16种基本时态对应的被动语态 1. 现在一般时的构成 第一人称：动词原形 第二人称：动词原形 第三人称：动词原形+s,部分特殊词+es 复数人称：动词原形 现在一般时的【被动语态】构成 第一人称：am + 动词的过去分词 第二人称：are + 动词的过去分词 第三人称：is + 动词的过去分词 复数人称：are + 动词的过去分词 2. 现在进行时的构成 第一人称：am + 动词的现在分词 第二人称：are + 动词的现在分词 第三人称：is + 动词的现在分词 复数人称：are + 动词的现在分词 现在进行时的【被动语态】构成 第一人称：am + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：are + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：is + being + 动词的过去分词 复数人称：are + being + 动词的过去分词 3、现在完成时的构成 第一人称：have + 动词的过去分词 第二人称：have + 动词的过去分词 第三人称：has + 动词的过去分词 复数人称：have + 动词的过去分词 现在完成时的【被动语态】构成 第一人称：have + been + 动词的过去分词第二人称：have + been + 动词的过去分词第三人称：has + been + 动词的过去分词复数人称：have + been + 动词的过去分词 4、现在完成进行时的构成 第一人称：have + been + 动词的现在分词第二人称：have + been + 动词的现在分词第三人称：has + been + 动词的现在分词复数人称：have + been + 动词的现在分词现在完成进行时的【被动语态】构成
动词ing的被动语态
动词i n g的被动语态集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
动词i n g形式的被动结构动词ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。一、动名词的被动语态 1．当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。 He can't stand being laughed at. 他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。 So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。 2．动名词的主动形式表被动含义 (1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。 The radio needs repairing. ＝The radio needs to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。 (2)be worth后常跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。 The book is worth reading again. ＝The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。 My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了 The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提一下 二、现在分词的被动语态 其构成为being/having been＋过去分词。 如果现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。 The building being built is our library. 正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。
高中动词ing形式的被动语态教(学)案
教学过程 一、复习预习 一、概念 1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作： 主语、宾语、表语; （动名词） 定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词) 注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never. 其各种形式如下表： 2. V-ing 形式的被动式用法及种类 当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。 二、知识讲解 考点/易错点1 动名词的被动式 动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。 1、作主语 So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在下对身体有害。 The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。 2、作宾语 V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。 He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ___________ (ask) You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having been told the story. 3、作表语 What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. 使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。 What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at) The problem is for from _______________ (settle) 注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done),不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。如： I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad. 我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。 ②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。 ③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如： Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。 The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕。 现在分词的被动式 现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行 . 1、作宾补 现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。 I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom. You’ll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now. As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build) 注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成. 2、作定语 现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。 The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important. He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room. 注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被